• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.689-694
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• 2014

An SPLC (Safety Programmable Logic Controller) must be designed to meet the highest safety standards, IEEE 1E, and should guarantee a level of fault-tolerance and high-reliability that ensures complete error-free operation. In order to satisfy these criteria, I/O modules, communication modules, processor modules and bus modules of the SPLC have been configured in triple or dual modular redundancy. The redundant modules receive the same data to determine the final data by the voting logic. Currently, the processor of each rx module performs the voting by deciding on the final data. It is the intent of this paper to prove the improvement on the current system, and develop a voting system for multiple data on a system bus level. The new system bus protocol is implemented based on a TCN-MVB that is a deterministic network consisting of a master-slave structure. The test result shows that the suggested system is better than the present system in view of its high utilization and improved performance of data exchange and voting.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2005

In this study, the undeniable digital multi-signature scheme based on the discrete logarithms is proposed. The proposed multi-signature scheme satisfies undeniability and is secure against active attacks such as fabrication and denial of multi-signature by signers. It is suitable for electronic election scheme in which several administrators are required. Especially in case of dispute among voters and administrators, the proposed scheme can resolve it due to the undeniable property. It can provide fair electronic election by minimizing the role of voting center, and can enable user-oriented electronic election.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.225-229
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• 2002

The electronic voting becomes new challenging area in cryptographic application. A variety of schemes are designed and implemented based on cryptographic protocols. Initiated by ICU, one of best practices was votopia[1] which was successfully served into the Internet voting based on modified Ohkubo et al.'s scheme[2] under Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Java technology. Votopia was used to select the Most Valuable Player and Best Goal Keepers of 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan$\^$TM/ through the Internet where most voters can access and cast their ballots from any place and at any time. However, votopia assumed that the resources of the Internet voters only connected via wired environment. In this paper, we suggest how to extend votopia to mobile voting which has limited computing resources.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Electronic voting machines (EVMs) are replacing research ballots due to the errors involved in the manual counting process and the lengthy time required to count the votes. Even though these digital recording electronic systems are advancements, they are vulnerable to tampering and electoral fraud. The suspected vulnerabilities in EVMs are the possibility of tampering with the EVM's memory chip or replacing it with a fake one, their simplicity, which allows them to be tampered with without requiring much skill, and the possibility of double voting. The vote data is shared among all network devices, and peer-to-peer verification is performed to ensure the vote data's authenticity. To successfully tamper with the system, all of the data stored in the nodes must be changed. This improves the proposed system's efficiency and dependability. Elections and voting are fundamental components of a democratic system. Various attempts have been made to make modern elections more flexible by utilizing digital technologies. The fundamental characteristics of free and fair elections are intractability, immutability, transparency, and the privacy of the actors involved. This corresponds to a few of the many characteristics of blockchain-like decentralized ownership, such as chain immutability, anonymity, and distributed ledger. This working research attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of various blockchain technologies in development and propose a 'Blockchain-based Electronic Voting System' solution by weighing these technologies based on the need for the proposed solution. The primary goal of this research is to present a robust blockchain-based election mechanism that is not only reliable but also adaptable to current needs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2021

This paper has proposed an algorithm that detecting for dense small vehicle in large image efficiently. It is consisted of two Ensemble Deep-Learning Network algorithms based on Coarse to Fine method. The system can detect vehicle exactly on selected sub image. In the Coarse step, it can make Voting Space using the result of various Deep-Learning Network individually. To select sub-region, it makes Voting Map by to combine each Voting Space. In the Fine step, the sub-region selected in the Coarse step is transferred to final Deep-Learning Network. The sub-region can be defined by using dynamic windows. In this paper, pre-defined mapping table has used to define dynamic windows for perspective road image. Identity judgment of vehicle moving on each sub-region is determined by closest center point of bottom of the detected vehicle's box information. And it is tracked by vehicle's box information on the continuous images. The proposed algorithm has evaluated for performance of detection and cost in real time using day and night images captured by CCTV on the road.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.121-131
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• 2003

This study centers on how the electronic democracy which is expected to be a political system of information society may increase civic participation and develop political system. On the other hand, critics of internet voting claim that the technology required to properly authenticate voters and assure the accuracy and integrity of the election system either does not exist or is not widespread enough in society to be equitable and effective. In order to capture the potential that this new technology offers, it must be implemented correctly, upon a well-conceived framework of standards and procedures. At the same time, government must seek the advice of industry leaders as well as social activists so as to avoid the many obstacles that will undoubtedly arise.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.245-251
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• 2014

Mix network plays a key role in electronic voting to preserve anonymity and lots of mixnet schemes have been proposed so far. However, they requires complex and costly zero-knowledge proofs to provide their correct mixing operations. In 2010, Seb$\acute{e}$ et al. proposed an efficient and lightweight mixnet scheme based on a cryptographic secure hash function instead of zero-knowledge proofs. In this paper, we present a more efficient and faster mixnet scheme than Seb$\acute{e}$ et al.'s scheme under the same assumption. Also, our scheme is secure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.417-425
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• 2012

In 2010, Sebe et al. proposed an efficient and lightweight mixnet scheme for remote voting systems. The scheme based on a cryptographic secure hash function, does not require complex and costly zero-knowledge proofs of their correct mixing operations, thus they claimed that their scheme is simple and efficient. In this paper, we propose more efficient and fast mixnet scheme than Sebe et al.'s scheme under the same assumption.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2001

정보사회를 거치면서 네트워크의 발전과 관련한 많은 응용 분야들이 연구되고 있는데, 그 중에서도 암호학을 이용한 전자 투표의 비중이 증대되고 있다. 이러한 전자 투표는 그 중요성에도 불구하고 아직까지 취약한 점이 많이 산재해 있다. 특히, 전자 투표를 총괄하는 선거 관리위원회가 부정을 저지를 경우 투표 자체의 신뢰성은 무너지게 되며, 투표권의 매매가 성립할 경우에는 전자 투표에 있어 치명적인 악영향을 미치게 될 것이다. 딸서 몬 논문은 기존의 투표를 전자 투표로 적용시키는 과정에서 어떠한 요소들이 필요한지 확인해 보고 선거관리 위원회의 부정 방지 및 매매 방지를 위한 요구 조건을 살펴볼 것이다. 또한 매매방지를 위해 네트워크 상에서 익명성을 제공하는 안전한 선택 기법인 “Magic Sticker” 기법을 사용하여, 투표자의 투표 내용이 공개되더라도 투표 결과를 안전하게 보호할 수 있는 전자 투표 시스템을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.436-439
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• 2011

본 논문은 클록 보정회로를 가진 1V 2.56-GS/s 6-bit flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 제안한다. 제안하는 ADC 구조에서 아날로그 블록은 단일 T/H와 2단의 프리앰프, 그리고 비교기를 사용된다. 2단의 프리앰프와 비교기의 출력에 옵셋의 크기를 줄이기 위하여 저항 평균화 기법을 적용하였다. 디지털 블록은 quasi-gray rom base 구조를 사용한다. 3입력 voting 회로로 flash ADC에서 발생하기 쉬운 bubble error를 제거하였으며, 고속 동작을 위해 단일 클록을 사용하는 TSPC F/F로 구현한다. 제안하는 flash ADC는 클록 듀티 비를 조절할 수 있는 클록 보정회로를 사용한다. 클록 보정 회로는 비교기 클록 듀티 비를 조절하여 리셋 시간과 evaluation 시간의 비율을 최적화함으로 dynamic 특성을 확보한다. 제안한 flash ADC는 1V 90nm의 CMOS 공정에서 설계되었다. Full power bandwidth인 1.2 GHz 입력에 대하여 ADC 성능을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다. 설계된 flash ADC의 면적과 전력소모는 각각 $800{\times}400\;{\mu}m^2$와 193.02mW 이다.