• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2021

The study was conducted to identify the relationship between the e-cigarette smoking rate and demographic factors, health status and health behavior factors within the last one month of adults over 19 years of age, and to provide basic data for cessation education and health policy establishment to reduce the e-cigarette smoking rate. This is a secondary data analysis study using survey data of 22,908 people over the age of 19 who participated in the 2018 Community Health Survey in Seoul and the SAS program was used for analysis. Smoking rate of e-cigarettes within the last one month was 4.5%, and as a result of multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors related to e-cigarette smoking were sex, age, education level, occupation and general cigarette smoking status. In order to prevent e-cigarette smoking and reduce the smoking rate, education should first be given to professionals with educational backgrounds of college graduates or higher to inform the dangers of e-cigarettes. In addition, public relations and campaigns to inform the general public that e-cigarette smoking is no different from general cigarette smoking are required, and deployment of the same anti-smoking policy that treats e-cigarettes as general cigarettes is required.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.161-178
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a collaborative model for the archiving and preservation of an electronic book(e-book). In this study the way of the archiving and preservation for the e-book to deal with the technology evolution was suggested. Accordingly, the survey was made for obtaining the present status of the production and distribution of the domestic Online e-book. It is the same as the operation status of the archiving and preservation for the Online e-book worldwide. A collaborative model for accessible to preserved data, regardless of time period, was proposed for archiving the e-book, based on the OAIS reference model. There are three different models, suggested for domestic; the safe place model by law, the individual preservation/Peer-to-Peer model, and the preservation center model for e-book archiving. Among them, the safe place model by law was proposed for the optimum model of archiving an e-book at present.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.83-102
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• 2001

International Courier Service can be used for on campus pick-up and delivery of small items on a pre-arranged basis or on call. Same day service is available for important items at a minimal fee. As e-commerce develops, effective procurement and delivery become even more critical success factors, offering great opportunities to the transportation and logistics Industry in an e-Commerce World. Much of the logistics industry has developed, or is developing systems to operate in the new e-market to capture new electronic tailer clients and enhance relationships with current customers. Supply chain solutions based on EC links will eventually become standard, leaving some companies behind. fresh opportunities and reduced entry barriers to new competitors via e-commerce pose a major threat to the present logistics industry. supply chain systems developers and industry consultants that subcontract physical transport of goods to contractors may encroach on traditional logistics industry business. In this paper I tried to explain various aspects of the physical distribution service through international courier service in an e-commerce world and survey the logistics strategy of international courier service companies against development of electronic commerce based on our companies, logistics strategy.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

This study has a research objective to suggest detailed rules and principles to transcribe geographical names in English for English version electronic map service. For this, guidelines which are used in English transcription of local geographical names in Korea and English transcription situations of Korea geographical names in foreign electronic map service were examined. Examining results of current situations showed the English transcription method of home and abroad geographical names caused the chaos because it is not homogenized. In order to identify easy and preferred transcription method for foreigners among English transcription methods about the geographical names which are used together like this, the preference of English transcription methods of the geographical names was examined targeting foreigners. Survey results showed that foreigners prefer to transcribe in Roman character (Romanization) with its semantic word together than just to transcribe the Roman character. Reflecting this preference research results, our country's geographical names were classified as Natural features, Cultural features and man-made structures, and Administrative units and the detailed English transcription rules and principles of each geographical names were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the observable symptoms of musculoskeletal disease from electronic components manufacturing workers who involved in many repetitive tasks and to provide the basic data for the prevention and management. The survey was conducted on 721 people from 15 April, 2013 to 17 May, 2013 by self­recording type. The results of the study are as follows. First, symptom complaints based on different body parts are in following order, waist was 12.9%, shoulder was 10.5%, neck was 7.4%, hand/wrist/finger was 7.4%, leg/foot was 4.4%, arm/elbow was 2.8%, and 21.9% of the respondents showed symptoms in more than one body part. Sex, age, marital status, work experience, work intensity, and past accident experience were statistically significant. Second, in the job stress evaluation, all male and female workers were below the median of Korean workers in all of 8 categories. the higher the scores for lack of job autonomy, the higher the symptom complaints of musculoskeletal disease. In the case of patients complain observable symptoms of musculorskeletal disease, they should receive proper outpatient treatment, various programs such as stretching by body parts, setting up a desirable working posture, switching to cyclical work, should b developed as much as possible.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2007

The operating tasks of overhead crane have caused undue stress to the operators from physical, mental, and environmental workload. Existing workload assessment models for musculoskeletal disorders such as OWAS, RULA, and QEC have limited applicability to the crane operating tasks because they focus mainly on physical factors and do not consider the relative importance of each factor. The present study was to develop a workload assessment model customized to overhead crane operation, following a systematic process: (1) analyzing task characteristics, (2) selecting workload factors, (3) developing assessment methods, (4) establishing action levels, and (5) computerizing the assessment model. Based on literature review, worksite survey, and focus group interview, 4 physical factors (awkward posture, static posture, repetitive motion, and excessive force), 6 mental factors (visual demand, auditory demand, task complexity and difficulty, time urgency, work schedule related stress, and safety related stress), and 4 environmental factors (noise, vibration, dust, and temperature) were selected and their rating scales and relative weights were determined. Then, based on the workload assessment results of 8 overhead cranes operated at different workplaces, the action levels of each factor category were established. Finally, the crane operation assessment model was computerized for effective analysis and report preparation. The present approach is applicable to develop a customized workload assessment model for an operating task under consideration.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out whether changed interactions due to reformatting has a significant effect on the play attribute of children's play from an instrumental point of view. Based on the study of Roser Caillois theory of play (Agon, Mimicry, Area, Ilinx) and previous studies, a questionnaire was written and experimental design was carried out through brick stack which are most preferred in the whole development of children. Brick stack were selected from physical and electronic spaces and the survey was conducted with children's experiences by dividing into experimental group and comparative group. Correlation and T-test results, the brick stack by reformating showed significant difference in the play attributes (Agon, Mimicry, Area, Ilinx) of Rose Caillois and we found that the effectiveness of play is doubled in the electronic space. Play properties evenly distributed in electronic space brick stacking suggest that pleasure and fun can double.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.4
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• pp.29-66
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• 2000

The current economic environmental changes such as globalization, information and opening of the market is calling for or needing the more rapid change of management and/or marketing strategies of the company than they did before to survive in tile borderless international competition. Under this situation, this study focuses on the correspondence strategies of Electronic Commerce which is one of the key elements to overcome or lead the above demands through seeking the problems of the current EC acception and application specially in Chollabuk Do province. For the above purpose, this study surveys the questionary with business firms of above area and figures out what is the correlation between business form and size and EC acception and application and what is the problems on it. And than provides several counter strategies which are following based on the survey to keep this area companies from out of business and lead the above economic environmental changes. To expand the adoption and application of EC to this area, firstly, top managers of the company must recognize the necessity and importance of EC compared with traditional commerce and change their perception and attitude concerning EC positively, and than try to accept it as soon as possible. Secondly, the company need the retained earning to invest to EC and educate their managers and employees with total participation. Thirdly, local government has to improve its attention to EC as a best way or opportunity to reduce and overcome the economical gap and development its economy because EC can remove the physical time or distance and space, scale and capital limitations. Finally, government has to expand and establish information infrastructure such as technical infrastructure(communication and security technology), Functional infrastructure like standard protocol, Organizational infrastructure(interchange agreement, relative law) and social infrastructure to improve efficient electronic transaction which can Increase the company' international compatitiveness under the current economy trend.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

This study was conducted to analyze the present status and the levels of mechanization and automation for raising, feeding, water supply, propagation, health management, ventilation and heat control, data analysis, and etc, and to establish the guide of the future study on development of the optimum production system models of swine facility from the results of this analysis. The scheme of the future study on the development of the optimum production system model of swine facility was established as follows : 1. A Korean and environmental control type slatted windowless swine housing model would be developed according to the following basis : \circled1 Boars, gilts and sows, delivery sows should be raised individually and piglets, growing pigs, and finishing pigs should be raised in group. \circled2 The arrangement of furrowing house were two rows of furrowing crates facing the center aisle. 2. The environmental control system and waste management system that are suitable to Korean and environmental control type slatted windowless swine housing model would be developed. 3. An electronic identification device would be developed. 4. The automatic individual wet feeding system by electronic identification device and computers would be developed. 5. The individual management system would be developed, which could manage individually the breeding pigs by the electronic identification device. 6. An expert system would be developed, which could manage the health and data base of pigs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.608-617
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze related factors in relation to usage of illicit substances for Korean adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which used data from the Twelfth Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). A total of 65,528 students in 2016 were included in this study. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing related factors using illicit substances. Results: Overall, 553 (0.8%) students responded as having ever used illicit substances during their lifetime and 133 (0.2%) students responded as current illicit substance users. It was found that electronic cigarette (EC) use, conventional cigarette smoking, second hand smoking, sad/despair mood, and economic status were significantly associated factors with usage of illicit substances. Comparing 'current EC users' with 'never EC users', the adjusted odds ratios (OR) was 7.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.56-10.82) for life-time use of illicit substances, and 18.74 (95% CI: 8.01-43.87) for current use of illicit substances among adolescents. Additionally, comparing 'students who ever were exposed to second hand smoking during the past week', with 'students who never were exposed to second hand smoking', the adjusted OR was 2.60 (95% CI: 2.13-3.17) for life-time use of illicit substances, and 2.85 (95% CI: 1.68-4.83) for current use of illicit substances among adolescents. Conclusions: Based on the results, electronic cigarette use, second hand smoking, conventional cigarette smoking, sad/despair mood, and economic status were significantly associated with increased odds of substance experience and current substance use. Therefore, the results of this study can provide a useful evidence about adolescent behaviors in predicting substance use.