• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.181-183
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• 2007

Copyright infringement and data piracy are pervasive problems of digital era and Electronic Navigational Charts(ENC) are not free from these issues. Aside from the economic impact, the unofficial distribution of nautical information has sign띠cant safeη concerns. Therefore, official distributors of nautical information have sought appropriate methods to protect their data and to provide the mariner with a certificate of authenticity through the adoption of security schema. However, a plethora of different security schema provided by independent distributors markedly complicates the software development of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) manufacturers and makes it more difficult to achieve the goal of seamless world-wide electronic navigational database easily accessible to the mariner. A fundamental concern of IHO is that adoption of a single, centrally administered security scheme for all ENCs could improve the ease of use of ENCs and enhance safety of navigation. IHO have driven protection scheme as S-63, S-63x. NORI(National Oceanographic Research Institute) necessarily need protection scheme and supporting system for nautical information. This paper presents protection scheme for NORI and proposes support system for ENC protection.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2005

Currently, ECDIS and GPS plotters are much used as equipment providing operators with route information, but they do not have any function of automatic route creation and route explanation, so available for only experienced operators. Especially, the present situation is tint no study is made of the automatic route creation and route explanation using ENC for ECDIS, substitution system of paper chart. ENC is the electronic navigation chart that is produced using S-52, S-57 standard format required by IHQ. In this paper, an Vessel Operator Support System(VOSS) is proposed to generate an optimal route where ENC and GPS data is fusioned induding the wind direction and speed of an anemometer and tide data. The proposed system was testified by a simulation, and its effectiveness was verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2012

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) developed S-100 standards as a framework for a variety of data and service for hydrography and a standard research is in process, including a next-generation electronic chart standard, for products and services based on this.The need for standard storage and utilization of navigation routes generated by ECDIS and navigation system using navigation planning features has emerged and a standard research based on S-100 standard has been performed. Route information standard is needed for interoperability among route information generated by a variety of navigation system and requires an examination for the possibility of applicability. In this research, route generation tools and standard-based generation and result of route information using these tools in order to examine the application of route information standards have been executed.In details, first, as a module capable of generating route information, a module that can store values in memory based on route information standards of S-100, second, a module that can store route information in the memory in XML form, third, it includes loading module for route information stored as XML.In this research, we verified normal generation of route information, storage of generated route information and loading functions through developing three modules.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.657-673
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• 2019

As various IT and OT systems such as Electronic Chart Display and Information System and Automatic Identification System are used for ships, security elements that take into account even the ship's construction and navigation environment are required. However, cyber security research on the ship and shipbuilding ICT equipment industries is still lacking, and there is a lack of systematic methodologies through threat modeling. In this paper, the Data Flow Diagram was established in consideration of stakeholders approaching the ship system. Based on the Attack Library, which collects the security vulnerabilities and cases of ship systems, STRIDE methodologies and threat modeling using the Attack Tree are designed to identify possible threats from ships and to present ship cyber security measures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.318-320
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• 2018

When a ship sails on sea, it may be influenced by the environmental disturbance such as wind, wave, sea surface temperature, etc. These affect on the ship's speed, fuel consumption, safety and operating performance. It is necessary to find the optimal weather route of a ship to avoid adverse weather conditions which can put the crews in serious danger or cause structural damage to the vessel, machinery, and equipment. This study introduced how to apply A* algorithm based on sea trial test data for determining the optimal ship routes. The path cost function was modelled as a function of minimum arrival time or minimum energy depending on the time of various environment conditions. The specially modelled path-cost function and the safety constraints were applied to the A* algorithm in order to find the optimal path of the ship. The comparison of ship performances estimated by real sea trial's path and estimated optimal route during the voyage of the ship was investigated. The result of this study can be used to create a schedule to ensure safe operation of the ship with short passage time or minimum energy. In addition, the result of this study can be integrated into an on-board decision supporting expert system and displayed in Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) to provide all the useful information to ship master.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.221-224
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• 2005

According as marine leisure industry has developed and the demand of leisure culture has increased rapidly, a desire about service which supply marine safety and connect marine information is enlarging. We wish tc develop contents of download form that supply geographic information of Electronic Navigational Chart(ENC) in the marine that is digitalized to carrying along terminal of WIPI base and various informations for marine leisure. For this, DB that offer ENC and additional information should be constructed. Also, we need server (CPS; Contents provider Server) that offer required contents. In this paper, we design web retrieval component which store request information to database. When consumer required necessary information through personal mobile device, CPS can inform that. So, we wish to develop web retrieval agent component that parse informations in various World Wide Webs, and store to database.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2010

IMO adopt the revision of SOLAS convention on requirement systems for ECDIS and considered an ECDIS as the major system for E-Navigation strategy on marine transportation safety and environment protection. ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) as base map of ECDIS is considered as a principal information infrastructure that is essential for navigation tasks. But ENCs are not easy to utilize because they are encoded according to ISO/IEC 8211 file format, and ENCs is required to utilize in parts of Marine GIS and various marine application because they are used for navigational purpose mainly. Meanwhile Google earth is satellite map that Google company service, is utilized in all kinds of industry generally providing local information including satellite image, map, topography, 3D building information, etc. In this paper, we developed KML conversion technology for ENC application. details of development contents consist of ENC loading module and KML conversion module. Also, we applied this conversion technology to Korea ENC and evaluated the results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.87-88
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• 2012

The IHO developed the S-100 standard for Digital Hydrographic Data in order to assist the proper and efficient use of hydrographic data and information for the safety of navigation and the protection of marine environment. The former model, S-57, was considered outdated to be utilized as the basis for the next-generation Electronic Chart(ENC) product specification. The key feature of the S-100 standard is the use of Registry and its components, Registers. This online-based Registry provides a universal standard that can be implemented in the actual performance of the navigation system with convenience. In the current situation, the only registry is owned by the IHO and it is available to domain experts. However, since S-100 is an international standard operated by an international organization, the process of the changes and updates of the data requires time before immediate implementation when demanded. Therefore, regarding the safety of navigation of the domestic users and mariners, a separate domestic registry is necessary to develop a domestic Information Registry. This study specifically aims to build a Registry based on IHO published S-99 through designing an adequate website dedicated for its purpose to provide collection of definitions and hydrographic data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2002

This paper describes on the extraction of ship's real-time movement information using a combination full-function ARPA radar and ECS system that displays radar images and an electronic chart together on a single PC screen. The radar target extractor(RTX) board, developed by Marine Electronics Corporation of Korea, receives radar video, trigger, antenna bearing pulse and heading pulse signals from a radar unit and processes these signals to extract target information. The target data extracted from each pulse repetition interval in DSPs of RTX that installed in 16 bit ISA slot of a IBM PC compatible computer is formatted into a series of radar target messages. These messages are then transmitted to the host PC and displayed on a single screen. The position data of target in range and azimuth direction are stored and used for determining the center of the distributed target by arithmetic averaging after the detection of the target end. In this system, the electronic chart or radar screens can be displayed separately or simulaneously and in radar mode all information of radar targets can be recorded and replayed In spite of a PC based radar system, all essential information required for safe and efficient navigation of ship can be provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2015

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) equipment and Electronic Chart Display & Information System (ECDIS) are typical equipment which help seafarers to obtain information for ship's safe navigation. In this study, a survey on using of GMDSS equipment and ECDIS was conducted on a total of 260 ship masters and crew who have been working on ocean-going vessels. The subjects were asked about the usage, and level and reason of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of GMDSS equipment and ECDIS, the leading navigational system from which they receive information. The survey showed that the third- and fourth-most frequently used equipment, MF/HF and INMARSAT (telex), were deemed to be the second- and third-most useless equipment. It means that the frequency of device usage is not proportionate to the level of navigational safety. Especially, 'ease of device use (42.3%)' and 'necessity of the provided information (50%)' were highlighted as factors increasing the level of satisfaction with the system. The survey result shows that ship safety cannot be realized by only adopting advanced systems, technology and services. It emphasizes the need to consider the level of 'accessibility and appropriateness of the information' and 'ease of device use'. Discussions implemented by the IMO on various policies and regulations are aimed at securing ship safety. In order to achieve the goal, such institutions should be validated by end-users and relevant studies should be conducted.