• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2015

In this study, we developed a lead-free $P_2O_5-V_2O_5-ZnO$ glass frit for sealing OLED using laser irradiation. The frit satisfied the characteristics required for laser sealing such as low glass transition temperature, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high water-resistance, and high absorption at the wavelength of the laser beam. Ceramic fillers were added to the glass frit in order to further reduce and match its CTE with that of the commercial glass substrate. The addition of Zirconium Tungsten Phosphate (ZWP) to the frit yielded the most desirable results, reducing the CTE to $45.4{\times}10^{-7}/^{\circ}C$, which is very close to that of the glass substrate ($44.0{\times}10^{-7}/^{\circ}C$). Successful formation of a solid sealing layer was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
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• pp.789-792
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• 2003

pMOSFET having 10 ${\mu}um$ thickness Gd layer has been tested to be used as a slow neutron sensor. The total thermal neutron cross section for the Gd is 47,000 barns and the cross section value drops rapidly with increasing neutron energy. When slow neutrons are incident to the Gd layer, the conversion electrons are emitted by the neutron absorption process. The conversion electrons generate electron-hole pairs in the $SiO_2$ layer of the pMOSFET. The holes are easily trapped in Oxide and act as positive charge centers in the $SiO_2$ layer. Due to the induced positive charges, the threshold turn-on voltage of the pMOSFET is changed. We have found that the voltage change is proportional to the accumulated slow neutron dose, therefore the pMOSFET having a Gd nuclear reaction layer can be used for a slow neutron dosimeter. The Gd-pMOSFET were tested at HANARO neutron beam port and $^{60}CO$ irradiation facility to investigate slow neutron response and gamma response respectively. Also the pMOSFET without Gd layer were tested at same conditions to compare the characteristics to the Gd-pMOSFET. From the result, we have concluded that the Gd-pMOSFET is very sensitive to the slow neutron and can be used as a slow neutron dosimeter. It can also be used in a mixed radiation field by subtracting the voltage change value of a pMOSFET without Gd from the value of the Gd-pMOSFET.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2579-2585
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• 2022

Ceramics of quaternary garnets (Gd,Y)₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ doped with Ce, Tb have been fabricated and evaluated as prospective materials for indirect energy converters of α-and β-voltaic. Samples were characterized at excitation with an X-ray source and an intense 150 keV electron beam and showed good temperature stability of their emission and tolerance to irradiation. The role of X-rays accompanied the α-particle emitting in the increase of the conversion efficiency is clarified. The garnet-type structure of the matrix in the developed materials allows the production of quality crystalline mass with a light yield exceeding that of the commonly used YAG: Ce scintillator by a factor of two times.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.188.1-188.1
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• 2015

For present investigation Fe/MgO/Fe/Co multilayer stack is grown on Si substrate using e-beam evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum. This stack is irradiated perpendicularly by 120 MeV $Ag^{8+}$ at different fluences ranging from $1{\times}10^{11}$ to $1{\times}10^{13}ions/cm^2$ in high vacuum using 15UD Pelletron Accelerator at Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi. Magnetic measurements carried out on pre and post irradiated stacks show significant changes in the shape of perpendicular hysteresis which is relevant with previous observation of re-orientation of magnetic moment along the direction of ion trajectory. However increase in plane squareness may be due to the modification of interface structure of stacks. X-ray reflectivity measurements show onset of interface roughness and interface mixing. X-ray diffraction measurements carried out using synchrotron radiation shows amorphous nature of MgO and Co layer in the stack. Peak corresponding body centered Fe [JCPDS-06-0696] is observed in X-ray diffraction pattern of pre and post irradiated stacks. Peak broadening shows granular nature of Fe layer. Estimated crystallite size is $22{\pm}1nm$ for pre-irradiated stack. Crystallite size first increases with irradiation then decreases. Structural quality of these stacks was further studied using transmission electron microscopic measurements. Thickness from these measurements are 54, 36, 23, 58 and 3 nm respectively for MgO, Fe, MgO, Fe+Co and Au layers in the stack. These measurements envisage poor crystallinity of different layers. Interfaces are not clear which indicate mixing at interface. With increase fluence mixing and diffusion was increased in the stack. X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements carried out on these stacks show changes of Fe valence state after irradiation along with change of O(2p)-metal (3d) hybridized state. Valence state change predicts oxide formation at interface which causes enhanced in-plane magnetization.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2002

우육 등심부위를 1 cm 두께로 절단한 후 생육 시료는 PVDC 필름으로 호기적 포장과 진공포장을 하여 6 kGy 선량으로 전자선 조사를 실시한 후 2-4$^{\circ}C$의 냉장실에서 보관하면서 저장기간 별(0, 7일) 실험에 사용하였다. 전자선 조사 후 가열시료와 가열 후 전자선 시료는 oven에서 육 내부 온도가 70$^{\circ}C$ 될 때까지 가열한 다음 함기 포장과 진공포장을 즉시 실시한 후 생육 시료와 같은 조건으로 냉장실에서 보관하면서 생육 시료와 같은 저장기간별 콜레스테롤 산화물의 발생 종류와 발생량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 생육 시료에서 저장초기에는 7$\beta$-hydroxycholesterol과 7-ketocholesterol이 검출되었으며, 처리구간에는 함기포장 처리구가 진공포장 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로(P$<$0.05) 많은 발생량을 보였다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 저장초기에는 발생되지 않았던 7$\alpha$-hydroxycholesterol, 20$\alpha$-hydroxycholesterol, $\beta$- epoxide 및 $\alpha$-epoxide 등이 검출되었으며, 발생량도 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로(P$<$0.05) 증가하였다. 전자선 조사 후 가열 시료와 가열 후 전자선 조사 시료는 저장 초기에는 발생되지 않았던 cholestanetriol이 저장 7일에 검출되었으며, 전처리구가 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 콜레스테롤 산화물의 발생량이 유의적으로(P$<$0.05) 증가하였으며, 처리구간에는 진공포장한 처리구가 함기포장한 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 (P$<$0.05) 낮은 발생량을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 콜레스테롤 산화물질의 발생량은 조사로 인하여 발생되는 량보다는 저장시 포장조건이 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2021

감자뿔나방은 감자에 대한 검역 해충으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 전자빔 조사가 감자뿔나방의 발육 및 생식, 그리고 DNA 손상에 미치는 영향을 비교하고 억제선량을 조사하였다. 전자빔을 알(0-12시간 이내), 유충(3령과 5령), 번데기(용화 1일 이내), 그리고 성충(우화 1일 이내)에 선량을 증가시키면서 조사하였다. 전자빔 150 Gy는 알의 부화와 부화된 유충의 용화를 완전히 억제하였다. 조사된 알의 부화율은 19.3%였지만, 성충 우화는 완전히 억제되었다. 3령과 5령 유충에 100 Gy를 조사하였을 때, 성충의 우화와 생식은 완전히 억제되었다. 번데기와 성충에 각각 300 Gy와 400 Gy를 조사하였을 때, F₁세대의 부화율이 억제되었다. 전자빔에 대한 감자뿔나방 성충의 DNA 손상 정도를 alkaline comet assay으로 분석하였으며, 전자빔 조사가 선량 의존적으로 감자뿔나방의 DNA 손상 정도를 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 감자뿔나방에 대한 식물 검역 처리법으로 전자빔 150 Gy를 권장할 수 있다. 하지만, 감자뿔나방을 방제하기 위해 전자빔을 현장에 적용하기 위해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.458-462
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• 2016

염수전기분해(saline water electrolysis) 또는 클로로-알칼리 막공정(chlor-alkali membrane process)은 양이온교환막과 전극으로 구성되는 전해셀에 전기를 가하여, 고순도(> 99%)의 고부가가치 화합물(예 : 염소, 수소, 수산화나트륨)을 직접 제조하는 화학공정이다. 염수전기분해의 경제성은 동일한 양의 화합물을 생산하기 위해 투여되는 에너지 소비량을 저감시킴으로 달성될 수 있다. 이러한 이슈는 전해질이나 전극의 고유 저항을 줄이거나, 전해질과 전극 사이의 계면 저항을 감소시킴으로 달성시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 전자빔 동시조사법을 사용하여, 높은 화학적 안정성을 지닌 탄화수소계 술폰산 이오노머 막의 표면에 높은 이온선택성을 갖는 고분자를 접목 시키는 시도가 이루어졌다. 이를 통해, 고분자 전해질 막의 이온전도성을 보완함과 동시에, 전극과의 계면 저항을 감소시켜, 전기화학적 효율 향상이 이루어짐을 관찰하였다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.720-725
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• 2002

In recent years, techniques for micro-assembly with high repeatability under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are required to construct highly functional micro-devices. Adhesion phenomenon is more significant for smaller objects, becanse adhesional force is proportional to size of the objects while gravitational force is proportional to the third power of it. It is also known that adhesional force between micro-objects exposed to Electron Beam irradiation of SEM increases with the elapsed time. Therefore, mechanical manipulation techniques using a needle-shaped tool by adhesional force are often adopted in basic researches where micro-objects are studied. These techniques, however, have not yet achieved the desired repeatability because many of these could not have been supported theoretically. Some techniques even need the process of trial-and-error. Thus, in this paper, mechanical and adhesional micro-manipulation are analyzed theoretically by introducing new physical factors, such as adhesional force and rolling-resistance, into the kinematic system consisting of a sphere, a needle-shaped tool, and a substrate. Through this analysis, they are revealed that how the micro-sphere behavior depends on the given conditions, and that it is possible to cause the fracture of the desired contact interfaces selectively by controlling the force direction in which the tool-tip loads to the sphere. Based on the acquired knowledge, a mode diagram, which indicates the micro-sphere behavior for the given conditions, is designed. By refening to this mode diagram, the practical technique of the pick and place manipulation of a micro-sphere under an SEM by the selective interface fracture is proposed.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

In recent years, techniques for micro-assembly with high repeatability under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are required to construct highly functional micro-devices. Adhesion phenomenon is more significant for smaller objects, because adhesional force is proportional to size of the objects while gravitational force is proportional to the third power of it. It is also known that adhesional force between micro-objects exposed to Electron Beam irradiation of SEM increases with the elapsed time. Therefore, mechanical manipulation techniques using a needle-shaped tool by adhesional force are often adopted in basic researches where micro-objects are studied. These techniques, however, have not yet achieved the desired repeatability because many of these could not have been supported theoretically. Some techniques even need the process of trial-and-error. Thus, in this paper, mechanical and adhesional micro-manipulation are analyzed theoretically by introducing new physical factors, such as adhesional force and rolling-resistance, into the kinematic system consisting of a sphere, a needle-shaped tool, and a substrate. Through this analysis, they are revealed that how the micro-sphere behavior depends on the given conditions, and that it is possible to cause the fracture of the desired contact Interfaces selectively by controlling the force direction in which the tool-tip loads to the sphere. Based on the acquired knowledge, a mode diagram, which indicates the micro-sphere behavior for the given conditions, is designed. By referring to this mode diagram, the practical technique of the pick and place manipulation of a micro-sphere under an SEM by the selective interface fracture is proposed.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2010

전자의 다중산란에 의한 선량분포를 좌우하는 다양한 원인으로서 조사통에 삽입되는 차폐물의 제작형태에 따른 전자선의 선량분포를 알고자 하였다. 실험을 위하여 선속 확산현상을 고려한 차폐물(divergency cut-out block)과 선속 확산현상을 고려하지 않은 차폐물(straight cut-out block)을 제작하고 선량분포 구간 면적과 조사면 평탄도 및 대칭도를 비교하였다. 결과적으로 선속 확산현상을 고려한 차폐물이 선속 확산현상을 고려하지 않은 차폐물보다 차폐물 두께에 대한 측방산란효과가 현저하게 감소함으로서 기준점 깊이에서 균등한 선량분포를 이루었다. 특히 선속 확산현상을 고려한 차폐물일수록 고 선량 영역이 현저하게 감소하였으며 조사면 경계부에서 균일한 선량분포를 이루었다. 이는 환자의 투여선량의 정확도를 증가시키기 위한 모형 연구로서 전자선의 선량분포 특성을 고려한 방사선치료계획을 수립해야 할 것이다.