• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.891-906
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• 2019

This study considers the instability behavior of sandwich plates considering magnetorheological (MR) fluid core and piezoelectric reinforced facesheets. As facesheets at the top and bottom of structure have piezoelectric properties they are subjected to 3D electric field therefore they can be used as actuator and sensor, respectively and in order to control the vibration responses and loss factor of the structure a proportional-derivative (PD) controller is applied. Furthermore, Halpin-Tsai model is used to determine the material properties of facesheets which are reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs). Moreover, because the core has magnetic property, it is exposed to magnetic field. In addition, Kelvin-Voigt theory is applied to calculate the structural damping of the piezoelectric layers. In order to consider environmental forces applied to structure, the visco-Pasternak model is assumed. In order to consider the mechanical behavior of structure, sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT) is assumed and Hamilton's principle according to piezoelasticity theory is employed to calculate motion equations and these equations are solved based on differential cubature method (DCM) to obtain the vibration and modal loss factor of the structure subsequently. The effect of different factors such as GPLs distribution, dimensions of structure, electro-magnetic field, damping of structure, viscoelastic environment and boundary conditions of the structure on the vibration and loss factor of the system are considered. In order to indicate the accuracy of the obtained results, the results are validated with other published work. It is concluded from results that exposing magnetic field to the MR fluid core has positive effect on the behavior of the system.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2022

섬유강화 복합재료에서 가장 중요한 부분은 섬유와 수지간의 계면 접착특성이다. 본 총설에서는, 섬유강화 복합재료의 계면특성을 평가하기 위해 사용되는 미세역학 시험법에 대해 역사적 초점을 두어 서술하고자 한다. 미세역학 시험법은 섬유 한 가닥과 기지재료 간의 계면 접착특성을 전단력평가로 관측하는 재료자체의 변수만이 고려되는 평가법으로써 계면에 대한 보다 정량적인 접착특성 및 감지능을 고찰할 수 있다. 미세역학시험법을 이용한 이전의 연구와 비교적 최근 연구동향을 본 총설에서 비교 논의하며, 미세역학 실험법에 대한 응용과 앞으로의 발전을 설명하고자 한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

Characterization of microstructures and mechanical properties of 83mm thickness EH36-TM welds produced by the combined flux cored arc (FCA) and electro gas (EG) welding processes has been studied with the two different groove conditions, single-V (SV) and double-V (DV) bevels. The welding consumables used for FCA and EG welding processes were ASME/AWS A5.29 (E81T1-K2) and A5.26 (EG72T), respectively. Experimental results showed that all the mechanical properties of welds such as tensile property, CVN toughness and Vickers hardness met IACS requirements. The tensile strength of EG welded plates were reduced by approximately 4% (DV: 3.8%, SV: 4.2%) compared to the base metal. The hardness value of SV-beveled weld metal was slightly lower than that of DV-beveled one. There were no significant differences as per welding groove conditions except for the weld metal. In addition, at the fusion line, the toughness of SV condition was 20J lower and the weld metal was 40J lower than DV condition, respectively. On the basis of microstructural analysis, grain boundary ferrite (GBF) structures for SV condition were 2 times higher volume fraction than for DV condition and their packet sizes were coarsened to almost double. It was thus suggested that the GBF volume fractions and packet sizes in the weld metal of EH36-TM steel plates are the most important factors affecting the mechanical properties of the combined FCA and EG welded joint. Nevertheless, all the results of welds with both DV and SV conditions were found to be excellent.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.517-521
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• 2012

탄소나노튜브는 유연 전도체로서 투명전극, 유연 히터, 투명 스피커 분야에 활발히 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 PET 유연 모재의 전면적에 다중벽 탄소나노튜브(MWCNT)를 도포하는 스프레이법 이용하여, 투명하고 전도성 있는 MWCNT/PET 복합 박막을 제조하였다. 분산제로 사용된 SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)의 농도를 조절함으로써 MWCNT 의 분산도를 조절하였으며, 분산도가 조절된 시험편의 인장실험을 통해 기계적인 변형 하에서 MWCNT/PET 전도성 박막의 전기-기계적인 거동과 분산제의 효과를 평가하였다.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2001

The electrical and mechanical properties in indium-tin-oxide films deposited on polymer substrate were examined. The materials of substrates were polyethersulfone (PES) which have gas barrier layer and anti-glare coating for plastic-based devices. The experiments were performed by rf-magnetron sputtering using a special instrument and buffer layers. Therefore, we obtained a very flat polymer substrate deposited ITO film and investigated the effects of buffer layers, and the instrument. Moreover, the influences of an oxygen partial pressure and post-deposition annealing in ITO films deposited on polymer substrates were clarified. X-ray diffraction observation, measurement of electrical property, and optical microscope observation were performed for the investigation of micro-structure and electro-mechanical properties, and they indicated that as-deposited ITO thin films are amorphous and become quasi-crystalline after adjusting oxygen partial pressure and thermal annealing above $180^{\circ}C$. As a result, we obtained 20-25 ${\Omega}/sq$ of ITO films with good transmittance (above 80 %) of oxygen contents with under 0.2 % and vacuum annealing. Furthermore, using organic buffer layer, we obtained ITO films which have a rather high electrical resistance (40-45 ${\Omega}/sq$) but have improved optical (more than 85 %) and mechanical characteristics compared to the counterparts. Consequently, a prototype reflective color plastic film LCD was fabricated using the PES polymer substrates to confirm whether the ITO films could be realized in accordance with our experimental results.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2014

In the present study, we successfully developed an eco-friendly chemical etching solution and proper condition for plating on ABS material. The mechanism of forming Ni plating layer on ABS substrate is known as following. In general, the etching solution used for the etching process is a solution of chromic acid and sulfuric acid. The etching solution is given to the surface resulting in elution of butadiene group, so-called anchor effect. Such a rough surface can easily adsorb catalyst resulting in the increase of adhesion between ABS substrate and Ni plating layer. However a use of chromic acid is harmful to environment. It is, therefore, essential to develop a new alternative solution. In the present study, we proposed an eco-friendly etching solution composed of potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. This solution was testified to observe the surface microstructure and the pore size of electrical Ni plating layer, and the adhesive correlation between deposited layers fabricated by electro Ni plating was confirmed. The result of the present study, the newly developed, eco-friendly etching solution, which is a mixture of potassium permanganate 25 g/L, sulfuric acid 650ml/L and phosphoric acid 250ml/L, has a similar etching effect and adhesion property, compared with the commercially used chromium acid solution in the condition at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 min.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2009

The effects of aging time on the microstructure and shear strength of the Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC)/Ag pad/Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG)/BGA solder joints were investigated through isothermal aging at $150^{\circ}C$ for 1000 h with conventional Sn-37Pb and Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu. $Ni_3Sn_4$ intermetallic compound (IMC) layers was formed at the interface between Sn-37Pb solder and LTCC substrate as-reflowed state, while $(Ni,Cu)_3Sn_4$ IMC layer was formed between Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder and LTCC substrate. Additional $(Cu,Ni)_6Sn_5$ layer was found at the interface between the $(Ni,Cu)_3Sn_4$ layer and Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder after aging at $150^{\circ}C$ for 500 h. Thickness of the IMC layers increased and coarsened with increasing aging time. Shear strength of both solder joints increased with increasing aging time. Failure mode of BGA solder joints with LTCC substrate after shear testing revealed that shear strength of the joints depended on the adhesion between Ag metallization and LTCC. Fracture mechanism of Sn-37Pb solder joint was a mixture of ductile and pad lift, while that of Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder joint was a mixture of ductile and brittle $(Ni,Cu)_3Sn_4$ IMC fracture morphology. Failure mechanisms of LTCC/Ag pad/ENIG/BGA solder joints were also interpreted by finite element analyses.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2022

그래핀은 부피에 비해 표면적이 넓고 뛰어난 기계적 물성과 전기전도성을 가지며 생체적합성이 우수하다. 본 연구에서는 전기화학적 방법을 이용하여 indium tin oxide (ITO) 글래스 슬라이드 표면에 산화그래핀을 증착·환원시킨 전극을 제작하였고 그래핀으로 표면 개질된 ITO의 전기화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 산화그래핀의 증착과 환원에 순환전압전류법을 사용하였다. 주사전자현미경과 에너지 분산형 X-선 분광법을 사용하여 그래핀이 코팅된 ITO 표면을 관찰하였다. 순환전압전류법과 전기화학 임피던스 분광법을 사용하여 제작된 전극들의 전기화학 특성을 평가하였다. 사이클 수와 주사 속도는 산화그래핀 증착과 환원도에 상당한 영향을 미쳤으며 제작된 전극의 전기화학 특성도 달랐다. ITO 전극에 비하여 그래핀으로 표면 개질된 ITO는 전극 계면에서의 전하 전달 저항이 낮았고 더 많은 전류를 생산하였다. 그래핀으로 표면 개질된 ITO 표면에 고정화된 포도당 산화효소는 포도당을 산화시키며 성공적으로 전자들을 생성하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2006

무유화제중합으로 제조된 폴리 (메틸 메타크릴레이트)(PMMA) 시드 고분자 미립자에 가교단량체인 ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA), 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate(HDDA) 또는 그 혼합액을 흡수시키고, 이를 중합하여 단분산 가교고분자 미립자를 제조할 시 1) 흡수된 가교단량체와 시드 고분자 미립자의 중량비 (흡수율) 변화, 2) 가교단량체 혼합액에서의 EGDMA의 함량비 변화 및 3) 중합개시제의 사용량 변화 등에 따라 제조된 단분산 가교고분자 미립자 및 그의 무전해 니켈도금체의 기계적 물성인 탄성복원율, 압축탄성률, 파괴강도 및 파괴변형률의 변화를 micro compression test(MCT)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 흡수율의 증가는 파괴강도에만 큰 영향을 미쳤으나, EGDMA의 증가, 중합개시제의 증량 및 무전해 니켈도금 실시 등은 압축탄성률 및 파괴 강도에 동시에 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2009

When the magnet wheel rotates over a conducting plate, it generates the traction torque as well as the repulsive force on the conducting plate. Partially-cut traction torque results in the linear force into the tangential direction. To cut the traction torque, the concept of magnetic shield is introduced. The direction change of the linear force is realized varying the shielded area of magnetic field. That is, the tangential direction of non-shielded open area becomes the direction of the linear thrust force. Specially a shape of permanent magnets composing the magnet wheel leads to various pattern of magnetic forces. So, to enlarge the resulting force density and compensate its servo property a few simulations are performed under various conditions such as repeated pattern, pole number, radial width of permanent magnets, including shape of open area. The theoretical model of the magnet wheel is derived using air-gap field analysis of linear induction motor, compared with test result and the sensitivity analysis for its parameter change is performed using common tool; MAXWELL. Using two-axial wheel set-up, the tracking motion is tested for a copper plate with its normal motion constrained and its result is given. In conclusion, it is estimated that the magnet wheel using partial shield can be applied to a noncontact conveyance of the conducting plate.