• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제5C권6호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2005

The present model of a SF6 arc accounts for the copper vapour contamination from the electrodes inside a Laval nozzle of a circuit breaker. Steady state simulations have been done for the arc with electrode gap of 60mm and DC electric current of 500A, 1000A and 1500A for both cases with and without copper contamination. The effects of electrode polarity are considered for the arc current of 1000A. It was found out that evaporation of copper from the anode results in a cooling of the arc in a region close to the electrodes. The electrical potential across the electrodes is not sensitive to the presence of copper vapour, typically less than $4\%$ difference. Transient analysis has been done in order to obtain the arc properties at current zero. The arc current is increased linearly from -1000 to 0A when the upstream electrode is cathode with constant dI/dt of $27.0A/{\mu}s$ (or decreased linearly from 1000 to 0A when upstream electrode is anode). It has been predicted that the presence of copper vapour reduces the interruption capability of the breaker.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.705-714
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• 2022

In this paper, the effect of magnetic field on the vibration behavior of a Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) sandwich MEMS actuated by electrostatic actuation with conductive skins are examined within the multiple scales (MMS) perturbation method. Magnetorheological smart materials have been widely used in vibration control of various systems due to their mechanical properties change under the influence of different magnetic fields. To investigate the vibrational behavior of the movable electrode, the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, as well as Hamilton's principle is used to derive the equations and the related boundary conditions governing the dynamic behavior of the system are applied. The results of this study show that by placing the Magnetorheological elastomer core in the movable electrode and applying different magnetic fields on it, its natural vibrational frequency can be affected so that by increasing the applied magnetic field, the system's natural frequency increases. Also, the effect of various factors such as the electric potential difference between two electrodes, changes in the thickness of the core and the skins, electrode length, the distance between two electrodes and also change in vibration modes of the system on natural frequencies have been investigated.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2018

A novel strategy based on a zero common mode voltage pulse-width modulation (ZCMV-PWM) technique and zero-sequence circulating current (ZSCC) feedback control is proposed in this study to eliminate ZSCCs between three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverters, with common AC and DC buses, that are operating in parallel. First, an equivalent model of ZSCC in a three-phase three-level NPC inverter paralleled system is developed. Second, on the basis of the analysis of the excitation source of ZSCCs, i.e., the difference in common mode voltages (CMVs) between paralleled inverters, the ZCMV-PWM method is presented to reduce CMVs, and a simple electric circuit is adopted to control ZSCCs and neutral point potential. Finally, simulation and experiment are conducted to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Results show that ZSCCs between paralleled inverters can be eliminated effectively under steady and dynamic states. Moreover, the proposed strategy exhibits the advantage of not requiring carrier synchronization. It can be utilized in inverters with different types of filter.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.536-545
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• 2021

본 연구는 전기향로를 이용한 침향 흡입이 스트레스와 뇌파에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 시행되었다. 'H' 발달센터 공고로 모집한 성인 남녀 16명 대상으로 2019년도 09월부터 2020년 4월까지 실시하였다. 전기향로에 침향편(沈香片)을 올려놓고 침향 흡입 전과 후의 스트레스 반응과 뇌파 측정을 비교 분석하여 침향 흡입이 스트레스 대처자원의 가능성을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 뇌파 측정은 19 Channel, Brainmaster Discovery로 하였으며, 분석은 NeuroGuide와 LORETA를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 21.0 프로그램으로 기술 통계, Wilcoxon 부호 순위 검정을 하였다. 결과는 첫째, 침향 흡입 후 스트레스 반응 지수는 분노, 우울, 신체화 모든 항목에서 유의수준 0.01로 유의미한 차이로 감소하였다. 둘째, 침향 흡입 후 뇌파에서 측정 부위 19곳 중에서 FP1 1곳을 제외한 18곳에서 Alpha Wave가 증가하였고, 유의수준 0.05에서 확인되었다. 감정에 영향을 주는 영역(우측 측두엽, T6)에서 침향 흡입 전과 후의 차이가 가장 크게 나타났다. 셋째, LORETA 분석 결과 침향 흡입 후 기억과 정서적 활동에 중요한 뇌 영역(BA40)에서 Alpha Wave가 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로 전기향로를 이용한 침향 흡입이 스트레스와 뇌파에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 스트레스 대처 자원이 될 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2017

In this study, we used I-V spectroscopy, photoconductivity (PC) yield and internal photoemission (IPE) yield using IPE spectroscopy to characterize the Schottky barrier heights (SBH) at insulator-semiconductor interfaces of Pt/$HfO_2$/p-type Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors. The leakage current characteristics of the MIS capacitor were analyzed according to the J-V and C-V curves. The leakage current behavior of the capacitors, which depends on the applied electric field, can be described using the Poole-Frenkel (P-F) emission, trap assisted tunneling (TAT), and direct tunneling (DT) models. The leakage current transport mechanism is controlled by the trap level energy depth of $HfO_2$. In order to further study the SBH and the electronic tunneling mechanism, the internal photoemission (IPE) yield was measured and analyzed. We obtained the SBH values of the Pt/$HfO_2$/p-type Si for use in Fowler plots in the square and cubic root IPE yield spectra curves. At the Pt/$HfO_2$/p-type Si interface, the SBH difference, which depends on the electrical potential, is related to (1) the work function (WF) difference and between the Pt and p-type Si and (2) the sub-gap defect state features (density and energy) in the given dielectric.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2017

본 논문은 전기로 산화슬래그 골재의 체적안정성 평가를 위해 전기로 산화슬래그 골재의 물리적 화학적 특성을 검토하고, 전기로 산화슬래그 골재의 체적안정성 실험을 진행하였다. 체적안정성을 검토하기 위하여 물리적 화학적 방법을 고안하여 실험을 진행하였다. 물리적 방법으로는 오토클레이브의 고온 고압을 이용하여 전기로 산화슬래그 골재의 체가름 변화를 확인하는 방법과 모르타르바를 제작하여 길이변화율에 따른 체적팽창성을 확인하였다. 화학적 방법으로는 Ethylene glycol 시험법을 이용하여 전기로 산화슬래그 골재의 free CaO 함량을 정량 평가하였다. 전기로 산화슬래그 골재의 free CaO 정량 평가 결과 0.5% 이하의 함량으로 나타났으며, 화학 분석 결과 KS F 4571의 CaO 40%이하로 확인 되었다. 전기로 산화슬래그의 free CaO가 소량 함유됨에 따라 건설재료로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 1992

파쇄대 및 균열대를 따라 비교적 심부에 분포하는 우리나라 암반 지하수 탐지를 위한 효과적인 물리탐사방법과 농업용 제당의 누수구간 탐지를 위한 소위 비파괴적 탐지방법의 개발을 위한 연구를 실시하였다. 이를 위해 종래 사용하던 1차원적인 수직 비저항탐사(Vertical electrical sounding)보다 2차원적인 수평-수직 탐사를 동시에 수행할 수 있는 쌍극자 비저항배역(dipole-dipole array)탐사법을 이용하는 야외탐사방법의 확립과 획득된 자료의 정량해석을 위한 computer program을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 쌍극자배열탐사법과 정량해석 program의 효율성을 검증하기 위해 이미 지질 및 시추조사가 종료된 두 곳의 누수 제당에 대하여 야외탐사를 하였다. 야외조사를 통해 획득된 자료들에 대하여 본 연구를 통해 개발된 program을 활용하였던바, 제당누수구간 및 파쇄대 내지는 단층대내에 발달되는 암반지하수 탐지에 효율적임이 입증되었다. 본 연구에서는 개발된 쌍극자 비저항탐사법과 해석 program은 암반지하수 탐지는 물론 누수제당의 누수구간 탐지 및 안전성 진단 등에 적극 활용할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1120-1128
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• 2004

The SCBFC was composed of bilayered cathode, the outside of which was modified with $Fe^{3+}$ (graphite-Fe(III) cathode) and the inside of which was porcelain membrane, and of an anode which was modified with $Mn^{4+}$ (graphite­Mn(lV) anode). The graphite-Fe(III), graphite-Mn(IV), and porcelain membrane were designed to have micropores. The outside of the cathode was exposed to the atmosphere and the inside was contacted with porcelain membrane. In all SCBFCS the graphite-Fe(III) was used as a cathode, and graphite-Mn(IV) and normal graphite were used as anodes, for comparison of the function between normal graphite and graphite-Mn(IV) anode. The potential difference between graphite-Mn(IV) anode and graphite-Fe(III) cathode was about 0.3 volt, which is the source for the electron driving force from anode to cathode. In chemical fuel cells composed of the graphite-Mn(IV) anode and graphite-Fe(III) cathode, a current of maximal 13 mA was produced coupled to oxidation of NADH to $NAD^{+}$ the current was not produced in SCBFC with normal graphite anode. When growing and resting cells of E. coli were applied to the SCBFC with graphite-Mn(IV) anode, the electricity production and substrate consumption were 6 to 7 times higher than in the SCBFC with normal graphite anode, and when we applied anaerobic sewage sludge to SCBFC with graphite-Mn(IV) anode, the electricity production and substrate consumption were 3 to 5 times higher than in the SCBFC with normal graphite anode. These results suggest that useful electric energy might possibly be produced from SCBFC without electron mediators, electrode-active bacteria, and extra energy consumption for the aeration of catholyte, but with wastewater as a fuel.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 광섬유 센서의 일종인 격자소자(Fiber Bragg Grating sensor)를 모형말뚝에 설치하고 말뚝의 하중전이 측정을 시도하였다. 말뚝의 축방향 하중 및 주면 마찰력의 분포를 측정/분석시 사용되고 있는 스트레인 게이지에 의한 방법에 비해 광섬유 격자소자는 한 라인에 여러 개의 센서를 설치함으로써 여러 지점을 동시에 측정할 수 있다는 것과 센서의 설치가 용이하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서 광섬유 격자소자와 스트레인 게이지를 모형말뚝에 함께 매설하고 재하시험중 하중전이를 측정한 결과, 두 측정치가 상당히 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 센서의 생존정도와 설치의 용이성에 있어서는 광섬유센서가 우수한 결과를 보였다. 따라서, 광섬유 격자소자의 말뚝 하중전이 측정에 대한 적용 가능성이 충분한 것으로 결론지었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2011

Purpose: The grindability of binary Ti-X%Zr(X=10,20,40) alloys in order to develop a Ti alloy with better machinability than unalloyed titanium has been evaluated. Methods: Experimental Ti-Zr alloys were made in an argon-arc melting furnace. Slabs of experimental alloys were ground using a SiC abrasive wheel on an electric handpiece at circumferential speeds(12000,18000,25000 or 30000rpm) by applying a force(200gr). Grinding rate was evaluated by measuring the amount of metal volume removed after grinding for 1 minute and the volume ratio of metal removed compared to the wheel material lost, which was calculated from the diameter loss (grinding ratio). Experimental datas were compared to those for cp Ti(commercially pure titanium) and Ti-6%Al-4%V alloy were used controls. Results: It was observed that the grindability of Ti-Zr alloys increased with an increase in the Zr concentration. More, they are higher than cp Ti, particularly the Ti-20%Zr alloy exhibited the highest grindability at all circumferential speeds. There was significant difference in the grinding rate and grinding ratio between Ti-20%Zr alloy and cp Ti at any speed(p<0.05). Conclusion: By alloying with Zr, the Ti exhibited better grindability at all circumferential speeds. the Ti-20%Zr alloy has a great potential for use as a dental machining alloy.