• 노동경제논집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.165-179
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• 2004

일반적으로 비교되는 임금상승률과 노동생산성증가율은 임금상승률과 평균노동생산성증가율의 비교라는 데에 문제가 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 본고는 새로운 비교 방법을 제시한다. 대체탄력성과 기술수준을 추정한 후 한계노동생산성을 추정하여 이것의 증가율과 임금상승률을 비교하는 것이다. 우리나라 자료를 사용하여 이러한 방법으로 비교하면 임금과 한계노동생산성은 1963~2000년 동안 전반적으로 유사하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 1987년을 기점으로 기간을 나누어 보면 이전에는 임금이 한계노동생산성에 못 미치나, 이후에는 임금이 한계노동생산성을 상회한다. 임금상승률이 한계노동생산성증가율과 큰 차이가 없더라도 평균 노동생산성증가율과는 괴리할 수 있다. 따라서 임금상승률이 평균 노동생산성증가율을 초과한다고 해서 노동의 수요곡선을 벗어난 과도한 임금인상이라고 말할 수 없다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2023

Purpose - Southeast Asia has been the focus of Korea's foreign investment. Korea has been helping developing countries in Southeast Asia achieve economic growth and win-win cooperation through capital exports. FDI is an important channel for technology diffusion. However, the impact of FDI on the bias of technological progress in the host country is dependent on the host country's own endowment structure and capital-labor factor substitution elasticity. Therefore, the central issue of this paper is to accurately evaluate the impact of Korea's FDI to the four Southeast Asian countries in various industries on their bias of technological progress. Design/methodology - The paper uses macroeconomic data for Korea and four East Asian countries to estimate capital-labor factor elasticities of substitution using nonlinear, seemingly uncorrelated regressions (NLSUR). Then, the biased technological change index (BTCI) is calculated for each country. Finally, panel data analysis is used to explore the impact of Korean FDI in various industries in the four Southeast Asian countries on their own directed technological progress, and a robustness test is conducted. Findings - There is a substitution relationship between capital and labor factors based on their elasticity in Korea, Singapore and the Philippines. There is a complementary relationship between capital and labor factors in Indonesia and Malaysia. According to the BTCI, there is a trend toward labor-biased technological progress in all countries. Korean investments in manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade in the host country trigger capital-biased technological change in the host country; investments in the finance, insurance and information and communication sectors trigger labor-biased technological change. In addition, this paper also confirms that directed technological progress can enable cross-country transmission. Originality/value - The innovation of this paper lies in three aspects. First, we estimate the BTCI for five countries and explore the trend and situation of directed technological progress in each country from each country's own perspective. Second, we explore the impact of Korean FDI in the host country on the bias to its technological progress at the industry level. Second, we explore the impact of Korean FDI in various industries in the four Southeast Asian countries on the four countries' own directed technological progress from a national perspective. Finally, we propose corresponding countermeasures for technological progress from the perspective of inverse factor endowment. These innovative points not only expand the understanding of technological progress and cross-country technology transfer in East Asia but also provide practical references for policy-makers and business operators.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2024

This study judged that although milk with various properties is currently being released, the growth rate of the milk market has not changed significantly, and the reason for this is that a substitution relationship has been formed between existing white milk and milk with various properties and they are competing with each other. The purpose of this study was to provide implications for the future growth of the milk market by identifying the relationship between diversified milk attributes. As a research method for this purpose the own price elasticity, cross-price elasticity, and expenditure elasticity of each attribute were derived through the LA/AIDS demand system model, and an analysis of consumers' milk purchasing factors was conducted through factor analysis. Based on the analysis results, it presented implications for growth in the milk market, such as expanding products with great differentiation in attributes such as flavor, plant and lactose-free properties, establishment of marketing strategies targeting consumers with children, and expansion of online malls.

• 지역연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1995

Regional production structres are investigated through an estimation of three-input(labor, capital and material) translog cost function. The estimation uses the pooled data in which time series data of 1970-1990 are combined with cross-sectional data corresponding to firm sizes. The empirical finding are the following: (1) the factors are Allen substitutes each otner in general except Pusan and a couple of regionss, and (2) estimates are very small in its absolute value irrespective of the regions. The low elasticity estimates of this study implies that substitytability among the three inputs are very weak in the regional manufacturing production compared to that in the national production. Seoul-Kyungki metropolitan area produces not only the smallest elasticities but relatively stable estimates without much fluctuation between the sub-regions of the area.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 국내생산이 가능한 자철석을 이용한 중량 콘크리트의 유동성 및 역학적 특성을 평가하고 설계기준의 안전성을 확인하는 것이다. 주요변수로는 물-시멘트 비와 보통중량 굵은골재(화강석)의 치환율이다. 배합된 콘크리트 기건 단위용적질량은 $2446{\sim}3426kg/m^3$ 범위에 있었다. 측정된 역학적 특성들은 압축강도, 응력-변형률관계, 탄성계수, 쪼갬인장강도, 파괴계수 그리고 철근과의 부착응력-미끄러짐 관계 등이다. 실험 결과, 자철석 중량 콘크리트의 초기 슬럼프는 보통중량 굵은골재 치환율이 증가할수록 향상하였다. 압축강도, 인장저항성 등의 역학적 특성은 굵은골재 치환율에 따른 영향이 미미하였으나, 응력-변형률 관계와 탄성계수는 콘크리트 단위용적질량에 중요한 영향을 받았다. ACI 349-06 및 CEB-FIP 제안모델들은 일반적으로 자철석 중량 콘크리트의 역학적 특성들에 대해 안전측에 있지만, 탄성계수 및 쪼갬인장강도에 대해서는 콘크리트 단위용적질량을 고려하여 보완될 필요가 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of concrete using waste activated carbon. Materials used were ordinary portlant cement, crushed coarse aggregate, natural fine aggregate, waste activated carbon, and superplasticizer. The substitution ratios of waste activated carbon were 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10%. The unit weight was decreased and water absorption ratio was increased with increasing the waste activated carbon content, respectively. When the substitution ratio of waste activated carbon was 3%, compressive strength, flexural strength and dynamic modulus of elastisity were more higher than that of the ordinary portland cement (OPC), and it was decreased with increasing the waste activated carbon content, respectively. The most effective contents of waste activated carbon was 2% in performance and 4% in practical use Accordingly, waste activated carbon can be used for concrete material.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.85-109
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• 2006

This study is aimed to investigate the structure of world pollack markets and the position/competitiveness or Korea for WTO/NAMA Negotiation. First or all, it is clearly pointed out that many limitations and problems are inherent in FAO statistics that is widely utilized to investigate the structure of international seafood markets. Especially, it is impossible to find not only the data for Russia that is the top production and export country of pollack, but also the data for importing/exporting countries for pollack. In order to make up for these problems, the data for export and import of major countries are collected and analyzed. The results of analysis show the followings. First, it is clearly investigated that classification of fish products are different for countries. Second, it is understood the structure of international pollack market in actuality. The pollack market is segmented by frozen, fresh, dried, fillet, roe, surimi, etc. In addition, the pollack market has grown as much as 600,000 tons in amount and $1.2billion in value. Third, competitiveness of Korea in international pollack markets is measured quantitatively. It shows that Korea has low RAC index and TSI index, but high RMI index. Thus, it is identified that Korea becomes the largest pollack importing country. Fourth, the partial equilibrium analysis on pollack import market of Korea indicates that the frozen pollack has both price elasticity and substitution elasticity, while the fresh pollack has income elasticity.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.5843-5849
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• 2015

본 연구는 단감농가의 생산비절감방안 모색을 위해 생산요소 수요구조를 분석했다. 2001~2013년간 농산물소득조사 원자료를 이용해 초월대수 비용함수를 추정하고 노동, 자본, 중간투입재간 가격 및 대체탄력성을 계측했다. 분석결과 생산요소 모두 가격변화에 따른 수요변화가 크지 않고 특히 비용부담이 가장 큰 노동의 가격상승에 따른 타 생산요소의 대체성이 낮아 구조적으로 단기간에 노동 수요를 줄이기는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 이는, 생산비절감을 위해서는 노동에 비해 수요가 탄력적인 중간투입재, 특히 탄력성이 큰 비료와 기타재료비를 중심으로 비용절감이 이뤄져야함을 시사한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2019

Weak form integral equations are developed to investigate the flapwise bending vibration of the rotating beams. Rayleigh and Eringen nonlocal elasticity theories are used to investigate the rotatory inertia and Size-dependency effects on the flapwise bending vibration of the rotating cantilever beams, respectively. Through repetitive integrations, the governing partial differential equations are converted into weak form integral equations. The novelty of the presented approach is the approximation of the mode shape function by a power series which converts the equations into solvable one. Substitution of the power series into weak form integral equations results in a system of linear algebraic equations. The natural frequencies are determined by calculation of the non-trivial solution for resulting system of equations. Accuracy of the proposed method is verified through several numerical examples, in which the influence of the geometry properties, rotatory inertia, rotational speed, taper ratio and size-dependency are investigated on the natural frequencies of the rotating beam. Application of the weak form integral equations has made the solution simpler and shorter in the mathematical process. Presented relations can be used to obtain a close-form solution for quick calculation of the first five natural frequencies of the beams with flapwise vibration and non-local effects. The analysis results are compared with those obtained from other available published references.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2022

The domestic catch of squid is decreasing every year. Import volume is increasing to replace these domestic products. Import volume is expected to increase in the future, so it is necessary to study import substitution. Therefore, in this study, after selecting frozen squid, which accounts for the majority of imported squid, as the target fish species, China, Chile and Peru, which account for the majority of frozen squid imports, will be selected as the target countries for analysis. Then, the demand function of squid is estimated using the Rotterdam model, the inverse Rotterdam model, AIDS and inverse AIDS, which are the simultaneous equation demand types, and then elasticity is derived. After that, these models are compared in terms of significance, theoretical fit and practical fit.