• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.9 s.252
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• pp.850-857
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• 2006

Hydrogen production using current fueling facilities is essential for near-term applications of fuel cells. A preliminary process for developing a natural gas autothermal reforming (ATR) reactor for fuel cells is presented in this paper. A experimental reactor for methane ATR was constructed and used for characterization of Jin reactor. Temperature profiles of the reactor were observed, and reformed gas compositions were analyzed to evaluate efficiency, conversion and reaction heat with varying amounts of $O_2/CH_4$ at selected furnace temperature and $H_2O/CH_4$. The amount of $O_2/CH_4$ showed strong offsets on reactor temperature, efficiency and conversion indicating that $O_2/CH_4$ is a crucial operation condition. Operation conditions which result in thermal neutrality of ATR reactor system were determined for two cases of an ATR system based on the estimation of enthalpy difference between reactants of assumed inlet temperatures and the products from experimental results. The determined conditions for thermally neutral operations could be used for guidelines to design reformers and for determining the operation parameters of a self sustaining ATR reactor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.274-277
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• 2004

Fuel/air mixing in air turbo ramjet(ATR) combustor is a significant parameter of combustion stability and efficiency. In this study, fuel distribution in the ATR model combustor was measured to compare the degree of mixing with respect to the velocity ratio$(r=v_a/v_f)$ between fuel gas and air. Planar laser-induced fluorescence(PLIF) and image processing method were used to obtain two dimensional fuel distribution. Fuel mixing went bad with approaching to r=1.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.3911-3924
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• 2016

Compared to the classical cryptography, lattice-based cryptography is more secure, flexible and simple, and it is believed to be secure against quantum computers. In this paper, an efficient signature scheme is proposed from the ring learning with errors (R-LWE), which avoids sampling from discrete Gaussians and has the characteristics of the much simpler description etc. Then, the scheme is implemented in C/C++ and makes a comparison with the RSA signature scheme in detail. Additionally, a linearly homomorphic signature scheme without trapdoor is proposed from the R-LWE assumption. The security of the above two schemes are reducible to the worst-case hardness of shortest vectors on ideal lattices. The security analyses indicate the proposed schemes are unforgeable under chosen message attack model, and the efficiency analyses also show that the above schemes are much more efficient than other correlative signature schemes.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.18-33
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• 2008

This paper presents design optimization of a new Active Twist Rotor (ATR) blade and conducts its aeroelastic analysis in forward flight condition. In order to improve a twist actuation performance, the present ATR blade utilizes a single crystal piezoelectric fiber composite actuator and the blade cross-sectional layout is designed through an optimization procedure. The single crystal piezoelectric fiber composite actuator has excellent piezoelectric strain performance when compared with the previous piezoelectric fiber composites such as Active Fiber Composites (AFC) and Macro Fiber Composites (MFC). Further design optimization gives a cross-sectional layout that maximizes the static twist actuation while satisfying various blade design requirements. After the design optimization is completed successfully, an aeroelastic analysis of the present ATR blade in forward flight is conducted to confirm the efficiency in reducing the vibratory loads at both fixed- and rotating-systems. Numerical simulation shows that the present ATR blade utilizing single crystal piezoelectric fiber composites may reduce the vibratory loads significantly even with much lower input-voltage when compared with that used in the previous ATR blade. However, for an application of the present single crystal piezoelectric actuator to a full scaled rotor blade, several issues exist. Difficulty of manufacturing in a large size and severe brittleness in its material characteristics will need to be examined.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.97.1-97.1
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• 2011

Dimethyl ether (DME) is an attractive fuel as a hydrogen carrier for mobile PEMFC applications. However, its reforming technologies are rarely studied especially by using autothermal reforming (ATR) method. This work explored the impact of operating conditions to the performance of DME ATR. Temperature, Steam to carbon ratio(SCR), Oxygen to carbon ratio(OCR) and Gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) were considered as the operating conditions. As results, conversion efficiency was increased as the temperature increased, but saturated around $700^{\circ}C$. There was no significant effect of SCR on conversion efficiency, but high SCR led reactions in endothermic manner. High OCR substantially suppressed conversion efficiency, but it helped to sustain the temperature by stimulating exothermic reactions. Conversion efficiency was decreased as GHSV increased. The optimized operating conditions was suggested: $700^{\circ}C$, SCR of 1.5, OCR of 0.45 and GHSV below 15000/h and conversion efficiency was ~85% at the conditions.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.90-95
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• 2015

The adsorption behavior of tris (dimethylamino)-cyclopentadienyl-zirconium (Cp-Zr) precursor using an in-situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) was studied. In attempt to improve the detection intensity of an adsorbed precursor, nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the Ge ATR crystal surface employing the spray method. The absorption characteristics studies were carried out over the Ge crystal temperature in the range of $30{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. Upon increasing the temperature, a reduction of absorption was observed. Based on the peak intensities of ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy, higher-$ZrO_2$ absorption efficiency occurs when the nano-particles are utilized compared to pure Ge crystal.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2015-2020
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• 2007

Diesel is an excellent candidate fuel for fuel cell applications due to its high hydrogen density and well-established infrastructure. But, it is hard to guarantee desirable performance of diesel reformer because diesel reforming has several problems such as sulfur poisoning of catalyst and carbon deposition. We have been focusing on diesel autothermal reforming(ATR) for substantial period. It is reported that ATR of diesel has several technical advantages such as relatively high efficiency and fuel conversion compared to steam reforming(SR) and partial oxidation(POX). In this paper, we investigate characteristics of diesel reforming under various ratios of reactants(oxygen to carbon ratio, steam to carbon ratio) for improvement of reforming performances(high reforming efficiency, high fuel conversion, low carbon deposition). We also exhibit calculated heat balance of autothermal reformer at each condition to help thermal management of SOFC system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2016

The fuel cell based auxiliary power unit (APU) is promising for power source of armed vehicles due to its silence and high efficiency. Especially, the on board hydrogen generation and fed to fuel cell system was core technology of this power system. In this study, we analyzed the performance of the Auto thermal reactor (ATR) that produce the hydrogen from the fuel, integrated High temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC) by Aspen plus software. The fuel was designed as a n-dodecane for analysis of military fuel (JP-8).

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Polybutadiene rubber (BR) has been well known that its physical and chemical properties are changed when it is exposed to ultraviolet light undergoing photooxidation. In this study, photooxdiation process of BR vulcanizate was investigated using a high pressure mercury lamp used as an outdoor lighting, which has high UV radiation efficiency and reasonable cost. Discoloration and crack formation of photooxdized BR vulcanite surface were examined using an image analyzer. Change of chemical functional groups of BR vulcanite surface by photooxidation was investigated using ATR-FTIR, and variation of the crosslink density with the UV irradiation time was investigated. By increasing the UV irradiation time, the crosslink density steeply increased after a period of time and did not increase any more. Formation of hydroxyl (~OH) and carbonyl (~C=O) groups on the BR vulcanizate surface increased and the1,4-cis unit was converted to the 1,4-trans unit as the photooxidation was proceeded.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.558-565
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• 2008

Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) has a higher fuel flexibility than low temperature fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell(PEMFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cell(PAFC). SOFCs also use CO and $CH_4$ as a fuel, because SOFCs are hot enough to allow the CH4 steam reformation(SR) reaction and water-gas shift(WGS) reaction occur within the SOFC stack itself. Diesel is a good candidate for SOFC system fuel because diesel reformate gas include a higher degree of CO and $CH_4$ concentration than other hydrocarbon(methane, butane, etc.) reformate gas. Selection of catalyst for autothermalr reforming of diesel was performed in this paper, and characteristics of reforming performance between packed-bed and microchannel catalyst are compared for SOFC system. The mesh-typed microchannel catalyst also investigated for diesel ATR operation for 1kW-class SOFC system. 1kW-class diesel microchannel ATR was continuously operated about 30 hours and its reforming efficiency was achieved nearly 55%.