• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.507-519
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study analyzed the growth characteristics, in relation to the soil moisture content, of trees planted in an environment with limited soil depth to provide the baseline data for effective irrigation management. Methods: The experimental treatment was divided into soil moisture contents (SMC) of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 1%, and the respective watering times were set accordingly. As for plant materials, Nandina domestica, Euonymus alatus, Thuja occidentalis, Hibiscus syriacus, Pinus densiflora, and Pyracantha angustifolia, were chosen for this study, because they are highly likely to be used in urban street environments. Results: The minimum irrigation point suitable for each species was determined by considering various aspects of visual quality and water efficiency in terms of plant growth, including characteristics such as height, root diameter, rootlet development, and weight. Our results indicate that N. domestica should be watered so that the moisture content of the soil is of at least 5%, based on the balance between the stem and roots, as well as on visual quality. E. alatus and P. angustifolia are suitable for watering that results in at least 10% SMC, considering the height, root growth, weight, and visual quality of plants. As for T. occidentalis, it showcases moderate growth with a soil moisture content of at least 5%. Finally, the minimum irrigation time required to obtain 15% SMC is appropriate, in terms of plant growth, fresh weight, and visual quality, for H. syriacus and P. densiflora. Conclusion: This study suggested a basic irrigation guideline for container gardens where trees planted in environments with limited soil depth can be managed so that they are visually appropriate and in good condition of growth.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2009

In this paper, we analyze process of implementing and successful enabler of Postal Logistics Integrated Information Systems(PostNet) through a case study on Korea Post. PostNet was integrated by considering contingently organizational integration (organizational structure redesign), strategical integration (business process reengineering), and technical integration(data integration, application integration, and integrated platform implementation). And also integration was implemented for supporting three aspects. PostNet has implication for advanced integration with business mission and operational efficiency by comparing integration with physical level and hardware level. Korea Post has the biggest logistics network, organization, and service in logistics industry area. The results of this paper will suggest theoretical framework for the future information system integration, and will be utilized as a practical guideline for the information system integration.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.707-714
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• 2023

Plant-derived insecticide-neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs) played a crucial role in the development of agriculture and food industry in recent years. Nevertheless, synthesis of these nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with an effective and greener routing remains challenging especially to the notion raise of "green chemistry" and "atom economy". While bio-catalyzed methods mediated by nicotinate dehydrogenase (NDHase) then provide an alternative. The current review mainly focuses on the introduction of sources, components, structure, catalytic mechanism and applications of NDHase. Specifically, NDHase is known as nicotinic acid hydroxylase and the sources principally derived from phylum Proteobacteria. In addition, NDHase requires the participation of the electron respiratory chain system on the cell membrane. And the most important components of the electron respiratory chain are hydrogen carrier, which is mainly composed of iron-sulfur proteins (Fe-S), flavin dehydrogenase (FAD), molybdenum binding protein and cytochromes. Heterologous expression studies were hampered by the plasmid and host with high efficiency and currently only Pseudomonas entomophila L48 as well as Comamonas testosterone was successfully utilized for the expression of NDHase. Furthermore, it is speculated that the conjugate and inductive effects of the substituent group at position 3 of the substrate pyridine ring exerts a critical role in the hydroxylation reactions at position 6 concerning about the substrate molecular recognition mechanism. Finally, applications of NDHase are addressed in terms of pesticide industry and wastewater treatment. On conclusion, this critical review would not only deepen our understanding of the theory about NDHase, but also provides the guideline for future investigation of NDHase.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.553-560
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• 2008

As it was developed to korea standard of the CAD Drawing in Construction CALS/EC for the productivity Improvement in Construction Industry and efficiency rising of construction management. it is high time to design the standard system in water resources. The purpose of this study is to establish the strategies for standard system of drawing information in water Resources parts for construction CALS/EC. This study is to analyse the existing construction drawing standards including CMS, CMMS, drawing guideline of a water Resources public institution, ISO, US National CAD Standard, Japanese Standard. As a result of the analysis, this study proposes the prime structure of the water Resources drawing information standard to support construction CALS/EC. For the establishment of standard system in real practice, this study establishes the numbering system to joint the current standard system for a water Resources order institution and to keep construction CALS/EC. In conclusion, the standard system of drawing information is proposed as a fundamental frame to water Resources parts of construction CALS/EC.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.477-485
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• 2023

In this paper, the effect of AC ripple on the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries is experimentally analyzed. Bidirectional power conversion system(PCS) is used to increase the efficiency of energy storage systems (ESS). When connected to the grid, a current ripple with a frequency twice the grid frequency is applied to the battery due to its structure. Therefore, to analyze the effect of AC ripple on Li-ion battery aging, cycle life test are performed by applying charge/discharge profiles of DC current and DC+AC current ripple specifications. Based on the experimental results, direct current internal resistance (DCIR), incremental capacitance (IC), and surface temperature were analyzed. As a result, it is confirmed that AC ripple does not directly affect degradation and that battery degradation slows down after a certain cycle. These results can serve as a guideline for optimizing filters to reduce ripple on the battery side in applications where AC ripple occurs.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.35-39
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• 2023

ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) has become a major guideline for many companies to improve corporate value and enable sustainable management. Among them, the environment requires a technological approach. This is because technological solutions are needed to reduce or prevent environmental pollution and save energy. Semiconductor package technology has been developed to better satisfy the essential roles of semiconductor packaging: chip protection, electrical/mechanical connection, and heat dissipation. Accordingly, technologies have been developed to improve heat dissipation effect, improve electrical/mechanical properties, improve chip protection reliability, stacking and miniaturization, and reduce costs. Among them, heat dissipation technology increases thermal efficiency and reduces energy consumption for cooling. Also, technology to improve electrical characteristics has had an impact on the environment by reducing energy consumption. Technologies that recycling or reducing material consumption reduce environmental pollution. And technologies that replace environmentally harmful substances contribute to environmental improvement, in particular. In this paper, I summarize trends in semiconductor package technologies to prevent pollution and improve environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.95-109
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• 2016

The process of making fashion accessories brings many benefits to visually impaired people. It helps the development of their tactile sensation, improves their aesthetic attitude, creativity, and imagination, and brings energy to their life. The current accessory making education in Korea is targeted to people with normal vision, and does not reflect the specific needs of the visually impaired. This causes a lot of trouble in educating the visually impaired. Therefore, this study aims to increase the efficiency of accessory making education by selecting curriculum and material that are appropriate and systematic for the visually impaired. In order to understand visual impairment, literature review was conducted to examine the definition and classifications of the impairment. Research was also done regarding material types and production method of fashion accessory. The study also designed an education program, including teaching guidelines, by referring to literature related to fashion accessory design, teaching guideline. The study conducted 12 experiments based on the results from April to June 2014. After revising and supplementing the teaching method, 2nd set of experiments were conducted from July to September 2014. Each class lasted for one and a half hour every week, and the class was composed of 6 students, 1 instructor and 1 volunteer. After each class, interviews were done to collect student opinions about the curriculum and material. Total experiment results and interview were reflected in constructing the final education program. The result of the experiments and interviews showed that selecting the accessory materials for class must be selected carefully. The visually-impaired students were very sensitive to the size, texture, shape, hole size of beads and length of material. After the experiments, all the students were able to distinguish the size and shape of the beads well, and finished the accessories using the given materials. The study verified that there is a need for another approach when educating the visually impaired about fashion accessory design. Many factors need to be considered from selecting materials to class contents. This study will contribute as a reference to fashion accessory making education as well as other design education for the visually impaired.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.29-42
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to derive selection attribute of fishing experience villages, and to analyze the importance and performance on targeting experts and experienced tourists. Consequently, it could suggest implications for the guideline and the evaluation criteria of making fishing experience villages for the revitalization of eco experience tourism. Therefore, in this study, literature investigation and IPA analysis were used by Microsoft Office Excel 2010, SPSS 20.0. As a result, the 'variety of local foods and specialties' was the most urgent attribute to require intensive management strategy. And it is recommended to improvement about 'attributes related residents' because it were insensitived on the recognition by users. Satisfaction of 'appropriateness of coast' was the lowest, but the efficiency was quite high. Finally, not only 'the area of control' but also 'the area of influence' should be reviewed as an important aspects on developing the fishing experience village. The significance of this study is to derive selection attributes of making fishing experience villages for revitalization of eco experience tourism, and to suggest strategy directions based on IPA analysis result by experts and experienced tourists. But in this study, the site was limited to Gyeonggi-do, so it is recommended to expand further.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2009

The energy efficiency and environment-friendly aspect of the railway system would be superior to other on-land transportation systems. In a preliminary feasibility study stage and selection of optimal railway corridor, the energy efficiency and problems related to environment are usually not considered. For the selection of optimal railway corridor, geographical features and facility of management are generally considered. Environment effect factors for the selection of environment-friendly railway corridor are focused and studied in this paper. In this study, various analysis of opinion of specialists (railway, environment, transport, urban planning, survey) and the guideline for construction of environment-friendly railway were accomplished. From these results of various analysis, 7 major categories (topography/geology, flora and fauna, Nature Property, air quality, water quality, noise/vibration, visual impact/cultural assets) were extracted. To select environment friendly railway corridors, many alternatives should be compared optimal corridor must be selected by a comprehensive assessment considering these 7 categories. The investment for railway systems can be encouraged by the considering of main environmental effect factor evaluated with the modified environmental weight factors for environment-friendly railway construction.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was designed to examine physiological changes in the body of rescuers conduct CPR according to the 2005 new guideline from American Heart Association. The ratio of artificial respiration has changed from 15 : 2 into 30 : 2 in 2005. The researcher tried to know the correlation between the physiological changes and the accuracy of CPR. Method : The examinees of this study were 26 students (Dept. of Emergency Medical Service). After the training, participants conducted 10 minute CPR and soon after the CPR, their vital signs were checked, and lactic acid and concentration of ammonia were analysed from their blood samples. Questionnaires to ask their subjective fatigue level were filled out after blood samples and 10 minute - CPR was performed. Results : 1) After the CPR, concentrations of ammonia were $149.71{\mu}{\ell}/d{\ell}$ and $162.17{\mu}{\ell}/d{\ell}$ in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2, respectively. The number was higher in 30 : 2 but it wan not statistically meaningful (p = .493). Log value of lactic acid was a little higher in 30 : 2 with 42 log($mmol/{\ell}$) and 54 log($mmol/{\ell}$) in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2, respectively but it was not statistically meaningful (p = .113). 2) Blood pressure in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 were 118.50 mmHg and 125.08 mmHg while pulse in two different cases were 96.14 and 97.25, showing no statistically significant differences (blood pressure : p = .155, pulse : p = .841). 3) Subjective fatigue was a bit high in 30 : 2 with 5.93 and 6.92 points in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 respectively but it was not statistically meaningful (p = .142). 4) In the 10 minute CPR, respiration accuracy was 96.21% in 15 : 2 and 94.79% in 30 : 2. There was no statistical significances between the two(p = .225). In the meanwhile, chest compression accuracy was 92.57% in 15 : 2 and 91.83% in 30 : 2. From the beginning to the end of chest compression, there showed no difference(p = .425). the type of CPR did not influence upon the accuracy of chest compression(p = .756). Conclusion : In the CPR conducted by skilled rescuers for 10 minutes, there were no statistically meaningful differences between 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 in the concentration of fatigue element in a blood, subjective fatigue, vital signs and accuracy of CPR. Therefore, 30 : 2 CPR recommended by American Heart Association need to be recommended and performed in scene size up.