• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2003

General drug prices involve three stages: shipment stage, wholesaler stage and retail stage. Policies on drug price differ from country to country. Shipment stage prices are tightly regulated in countries like France and Netherlands. They are free in only a minority of advanced countries, even if these include some major players such as the US, Germany and, in a very limited sense, Japan. The situation in the UK is very complex with a semi-free system, where drug companies are free to set their own prices but cannot exceed a predetermined profit ceiling. Mark-up at both wholesaler and retail stages is formally admitted in most countries observed. Apart from the general drug prices, reimbursement price of insured drugs has been major policy concerns. Most countries reviewed in this study has exerted some control over reimbursement prices, but differ both in the way how and in the extent to which prices are admitted or fixed. Price fixing has been used in France and Japan. Some countries have transformed their system over time, particularly to move to reference pricing in the last decade. This mechanism has empowered the customer, and improved price competition on the market. Referring to the drug price policies in the advanced countries, this study makes some suggestions for the redirection of Korean price policy for reimbursement drug in health insurance as follows: to match appropriate policy tools to each policy goal; to maximize market mechanism through effective reimbursement price fixing which admits mark-ups in wholesaler and retail prices; to introduce reference pricing system in order to redirect patient's demand with a financial incentive to choose the best-priced drugs and to save the finance of health insurance; and to strengthen surveillance and monitoring mechanism in the drug market.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.12B
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• pp.735-742
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• 2007

We propose an effective packet marking algorithm for video streaming in DiffServ network. Because legacy packet markers such as srTCM(single rate three color marker) cannot distinguish the importance of packet, these markers can cause quality degradation of streaming during the network congestion period. Recently proposed TMS (Two Marker System) [4] shows effectiveness in such scenario that video streaming service is struggling with other types of service traffic. However, if many video streaming services co-exist in DiffServ network and result in competition among themselves, then both legacy packet markers and even TMS cannot prevent drastic streaming quality degradation. To cope with this, we suggest A-TCPM (Adaptive time sliding window Three Color Marker) algorithm. In this algorithm, an A-TCPM module decides the color of a racket based upon the probability which is lead by current channel status and frame importance ratio. Simulation results show that proposed A-TCPM algorithm can enhance streaming service quality especially when overbooked video streaming sessions struggle with themselves.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2012

As the influence of service industry into domestic economy is increasing, it also has been influenced more powerfully at the domestic GDP(Gross Domestic Product) relative importance and employment relative importance continuously. By means of these reason, the Korean government announced the synthetic countermeasure for strengthening the competitive power of service industry in December, 2006. After then, it announced phase I of 'service industry advancing plan' which is concrete execution plan in April, 2008. Also, it is announced to announce phase II plans in september, 2008 and phase III plan in December, 2008 additionally. Service quality is the most powerful competitive means at service marketing and a key point for improving service productivity. The improvement of service quality has considerable influence on survival and profitability of service industry. Therefore, the study of objective service quality measurement in service industry is very important issue. The purpose of this study is to suggest a measurement model of service quality using fuzzy theory and AHP which measuring service quality objectively in subjective environment. It is expected that this study will help the improvement of competition power of service industry as well as establishment of effective decision-making.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.169-176
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• 2012

The supply chain of online digital contents industry differs much from the supply chain of offline industry which produces and supplies physical products. Portal facilitates the creation, distribution, and usage of online digital contents by providing efficient and convenient content distribution platform to contents suppliers and users, resulting in enhancing competitiveness of portal supply chain. Each portal builds it's own supply chain and various participant firms like CPs(Content Providers) and SPs(Solution Providers) are collaborating together to survive from the fierce competition. However, there is few research work on portal SCM to explain how to design and implement a Portal SCM in a successful way. So, this paper investigates the structure of Portal SCM and the differences between traditional SCM and Portal SCM. Also, this paper proposes seven research issues need to be addressed to design and implement a portal in an efficient and effective way.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-166
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• 2001

Globalization and regionalization are major trends in the international economic system. The severe competition among countries has signalled the need for a new international trade system as prescribed by the WTO, which regulates international trade practices. Additionally, expanding the activities and role of the Pan-Yellow Sea area in the world has a very important function in terms of regional cooperation and logistics environment. In this paper, the trading conditions and shipping transport problems of the Pan-Yellow Sea area (North-East Asia) were investigated. Shipping transport conditions in the Pan-Yellow Sea area, particularly Korea-China routes, were surveyed as well. A new Incheon-China container liner route was suggested as a partial remedy to some of the shipping transport problems of the Pan-Yellow Sea Area (North-East Asia). The Incheon-China Container Liner route is more efficient than Pusan and Pyungtaek Ports or the car ferry route to China in terms of transport time and expense. The transport burden indicator which includes the time and expense of transport, can be a useful tool in comparing these routes. Accordign to the transport burden indicator, the Incheon-China Container Liner route is more efficient than the Pusan, Pyungtaek, or car ferry routes. To establish a successful liner route between the ports of Inchon and China, there is a need to prepare three measures that contain short-term medium-term and long-term strategies. Furthermore, these measures should be prepared and adopted in phases, in accordance with considerations of future conditions for shipping and logistics in the Pan-Yellow Sea area.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2010

The aim of IAAF's Biomechanics project, initially launched at the 1987 World Championships in Rome, is to support athletes and coaches in the optimization and improvement of their training and competition performance. The IAF and the IAAF supports biomechanical projects, as a service to their Member Federations, starting from the IAAF World Championships in Rome 1987. In 1997, at the IAAF World Championships of Athens. In 1995, at the IAAF World Championships in Goteborg and in co-operation with the Swedish Sport Institute of Karlstad and under the leadership of Anders Bergstrom a biomechanical research on "Throws" was conducted. In 2005, at the IAAF World Championships in Helsinki on 100m - Pole vault, High Jump, Triple Jump, Javelin, under the leadership of Prof. Paavo Komi. The IAAF published the final report in 2008 with a supplement of NSA. In 2007, at the IAAF World Championships of Osaka, in co-operation with Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences and under the leadership of Prof. Michiyoshi Ae the IAAF received a final report on; short sprint, distance running, high jump, long jump, shot put and javelin. In 2009, at the IAAF World Championships of Berlin, in co-operation with the DLV and the leadership of Helmar Hommel (GER). The purpose of this study is to draw up a plan to perform an effective biomechanics project at 2011 IAAF World championship in Daegu.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

Objective: The bobsleigh shoes used in the start section are one of the most important equipment for improving the competition. Despite the importance of the start section, there are no shoes that are specific for bobsleigh athletes in Korea and Korean athletes have to wear sprint spike shoes and practice the start instead of wearing bobsleigh shoes. The objective of the present study was to provide data for improving the performance of Korean bobsleigh athletes by investigating the differences in their split time, plantar pressure, and forefoot bending angle based on skill levels at the start of a run under the same conditions as training conditions. Method: Six Korean bobsleigh athletes were divided into two groups, superior (n=3) and non-superior (n=3). A digital speedometer measured the split time at the start; the Pedar-X system (Novel, Germany) measured plantar pressure. Plantar pressures and split times were measured as the athletes pushed a bobsleigh and sprinted at full speed from the start line to the 10-m mark on the bobsleigh track. An ultra-high-speed camera was used to measure the forefoot bending angle during the start phase. Results: Significant between-group differences were found in split times (p<.000; superior = 2.38 s, non-superior = 2.52 s). The superior group had a larger rearfoot (p<.05) contact area, maximum rearfoot force (p<.01), and a larger change in angles 3 and 4 (p<.05). Conclusion: At the start of a bobsleigh run, proper use of the rearfoot for achieving effective driving force and increasing frictional resistance through a wider frictional force can shorten start time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.703-711
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• 2009

This study was conducted to suggest to establish more effective and differential management strategy of arboretum, through the analysis and comparison between arboretum and representative forest recreational sites. The data was collected through questionnaire at the six fields of forest recreational sites in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do, 447 people who visited these forest recreational sites took part in the questionnaire. As the result of this research, arboretum was positively evaluated by the six strengths from the participants; natural area, experiences and observation activity, conservation of natural environment, promotion of health, reasonable charge of use and a lot of things to see and do. But there is the need for arboretum to develop characteristic rest culture and raise efficiency because arboretum is in keen competition with recreation forests and national parks by several characteristics.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.767-804
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• 2000

International network strategy is intended to examine the validity of existing network-centered theories in order to ascertain why small-and medium-sized enterprises are useful as a strategic correspondence to the internationalization trend. Small-and medium-sized enterprises can be estimated as being vital majorities in terms of their flexibility to meet changable conditions in international marketing compared with the conglomerates Therefore, their dependency on a few conglomerates for the international economy can be diverged. Generally, the successful internationalization of industries can be derived from the creation of suitable strategies for its competence and quality with the effective correction and completion of its strategy and tactics through mistakes. The internationalization strategy of small-and medium-sized enterprises should not be the reckless pursuit of internationalization that depends only on the increase of investment or the simple induction of the other conglomerates strategic models, but it should be accomplished through the evolution and practice of the concrete strategies that will be more proper for the enterprise's property and efficiency. The results of analyses with proof can be summarized with two effects in large in the process of internationalization of domestic small-and medium-sized enterprises. First, the capacity for internationalization of firms results from a long-term training procedure and continuous development of managing activities. Then in time this becomes an important element for the small-and medium-sized firms in terms with its position targeted international trading. However, the domestic enterprises are showing their abilities in the international competition in quantity, and trying to establish relationships between the enterprises through international networks. Second, statistics might not be meaningful in part because of the lack of data for analysis. It seems that more useful results will be derived from obtaining and utilizing sufficient information and from establishing an inter-relationship between the small-and medium-sized enterprises which are investing in foreign companies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.81-103
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• 1994

Increasing costs and competition in the global trade and transportation arena have led to a search for effient, cost-effective, particularly through the application of computer and information technologies. Most recently the introduction of Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) technologies in both trading and trade facili-tation activitiess have bagun to change the complextion of the international transport space. Korea as well as the other developing countries has become aware of the need to embrace EDI strate-gies in order to maintain a competitive market position with their more technologically advanced neighbou-ring and international trading partners. A way of EDI implementation, KMPA has invested large budgets in the research of the EDI since 1990. As the result of study in EDI of transport, KL-Net(Korea Logistics Network) was organized for the EDI business in cargo logistics. In spite of these KMPA's activities, the development plan of container logistics data interchange is not good and useful. So a new model of EDI in transportation is required by using the concepts of cargo data sharing. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new way of container logistics data interchange model. This paper therefore analyze the information flow in the current container logistics and find the problem in the area to derive a new model. The followings are the results of this paper : (1) There are many problems and user's requirements in container logistics data interchange in Korea. (2) Many messages of UN/EDIFACT are able to be used in container logistics data interchange. (3) The container cargo data are stored in Container Logistics Network(CL-Net) database. And when necessary by requesting message transmission, the container logistics data interchange is possible. (4) Customs cargo clearance system and PORT-MIS can be linked to CL-Net. If the systems, however, are to introduce EDI in data interchange, the quality of user's software has to be assured.