• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.115-128
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to systematize various clothing production methods that domestic fashion brands are utilizing to produce fashion products, and to propose effective clothing production methods according to the characteristics. The research methods are contents analysis method of the literatures, articles, reports, and interviewing method of the practitioners who are in charge of the production of fashion. First, the clothing production methods of the domestic fashion brands are categorized as follows. It is divided into a fashion brand management method and a promotion company entrustment method based on who carries out the clothing production and management. The fashion brand management method is subdivided into the 'rental-production', 'CMT', and 'self-production' methods. All three methods are performed at domestic and global sourcing, but the CMT method is more utilized at the global sourcing. The promotion company entrustment method is subdivided into the 'full consignment production method', the 'CMT method involving promotion company', and 'direct buying method by promotion company'. All methods are performed at domestic and global sourcing. Second, the results of reviewing effective clothing production methods, according to characteristics are as follows. If fashion brands control the production and management, they use all three fashion brand management methods. The fashion brands use the promotion company entrustment method when they wants to offer special products, or the number of items is large, or the production management is difficult, or the manpower and equipment size is reduced. The domestic sourcing is utilized by fashion brands and promotion companies when production management is required for high quality apparel production, in case of trendy and complex designs, spot production, and in small quantity production. The global sourcing is utilized by fashion brands and promotion companies when it comes to lowering the production cost, fashion brands preferred the mass production of apparel with design that can be pre-planned.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 1996

Various culture conditions for cell growth and berberine production in cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) were investigated. Callus was induced from cambium tissue of cork tree, and cultured on LS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/1 2,4-D, 0.1mg/1 BA, and 3% sucrose. Several factors enhancing berberine production and cell growth in cork tree cell cultures were found. Some of them enhanced both cell growth and berberine production, but others resulted in a decoupling of cell growth and berberine production with significant in the specific levels. High level of nitrate (80mM), high level of phosphate (8.98mM), and sucrose (7%), 1.0mg/l IAA were effective in berberine production, whereas low level of nitrate (40mM), and phosphate (2.25mM), and high level of sucrose (7%) in the medium were effective in cell growth. Two stage culture(first stage for cell growth, and second stage for berberine production) increased berberine production almost twice (5.06mg/g dry weight) as much as single stage cultures in berberine production.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Hydrogen production from biogas has received consistent attention due to the great potential to solve simultaneously the issues of energy demands and environmental problems. Practically, biomethane produced by purification/upgrading of biogas can be a good alternative to the natural gas which is a main reactant for a steam methane reforming process. Judging from the economic and environmental impacts, however, the steam biogas and dry reforming are considered to be more effective routes for hydrogen production because both processes do not require the carbon dioxide elimination step. Herein, we highlight recent studies of hydrogen production via reforming processes using biogas and effective applications for earlier commercialization.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.49-49
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• 1976

Enzyme activities, such as glucoamylase dextrinogenic amylase, cellulase, acid protase and neutral protease, of Rhizopus isolated from various substrates collected throughout South Korea are measured, and their enzyme activities are surveyed from taxonomical, ecological and physiological viewpoint. Effect of carbon sources and phytohormones on the amylalse production of Rhizopus are also measured. Among the 735 strains of Phizopus isolated, strain number 587 exhibiting most prominent dextrinogenic amylase and netral protease activity is selected as the best strain, and the strain number 673, 108, 329, 165 and 728 are seleted for their predominant cellulase, acid protease, glucoamylase, dextrinogenic amylase and neutral protease activities, respectively. R.acidus and R.nigricans which exhibited relatively higher callulalse activity, showed lower activities for both amylase. R.tritici exhibited higher protease activity. The relations between activities and various substrates of wild strains are not outstnading difference, although the strains isolated from inland region exhibited more or less higher amylase and cellulase activities, than those of coast region, generally. Lactose and dextrin are most effective carbon sources for glucoamylase and dextrinogenic amylase production of the Rhizopus niveus, respectively. Although all phytohormones tested are effective for production of amylase by the Rhizopus strains, except nicotinamide for glucoamylase production, biotin and ascorbate are most effective for dextrinogenic amylase and glucoamylase production, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 1976

Enzyme activities, such as glucoamylase dextrinogenic amylase, cellulase, acid protase and neutral protease, of Rhizopus isolated from various substrates collected throughout South Korea are measured, and their enzyme activities are surveyed from taxonomical, ecological and physiological viewpoint. Effect of carbon sources and phytohormones on the amylalse production of Rhizopus are also measured. Among the 735 strains of Phizopus isolated, strain number 587 exhibiting most prominent dextrinogenic amylase and netral protease activity is selected as the best strain, and the strain number 673, 108, 329, 165 and 728 are seleted for their predominant cellulase, acid protease, glucoamylase, dextrinogenic amylase and neutral protease activities, respectively. R.acidus and R.nigricans which exhibited relatively higher callulalse activity, showed lower activities for both amylase. R.tritici exhibited higher protease activity. The relations between activities and various substrates of wild strains are not outstnading difference, although the strains isolated from inland region exhibited more or less higher amylase and cellulase activities, than those of coast region, generally. Lactose and dextrin are most effective carbon sources for glucoamylase and dextrinogenic amylase production of the Rhizopus niveus, respectively. Although all phytohormones tested are effective for production of amylase by the Rhizopus strains, except nicotinamide for glucoamylase production, biotin and ascorbate are most effective for dextrinogenic amylase and glucoamylase production, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.301-306
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• 2004

The sensitivity to Cd of three ectomycorrhizal fungi, Paxillus involutus, Suillus bovinus and Rhizopogon subcaerulescens, was assessed and compared in terms of radial growth and dry mass production, using both agar and liquid culture. The radial growth of S. bovinus and R. subcaerulescens was significantly reduced at the lowest concentration (0.1mg Cd/L). The 50% effective concentration (EC$_{50}$) values calculated from radial growth rates of the ectomycorrhizal fungi showed that the sensitivity of the fungi to Cd was greatest in S. bovinus and lowest in R. subcaerulescens. Cadmium addition also significantly decreased dry mass production of the ectomycorrhizal fungi. The sensitivity of the fungi to Cd in terms of dry mass production, was greatest in S. bovinus and lowest in P. involutus. Higher growth rates of P. involutus and melanisation of R. subcaerulescens appeared to contribute to reduced Cd toxicity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2006

Especially, MTO(Make-To-Order) companies take collaborative approaches with their partner companies to make low-price products and/or technologically low intensive products. The collaborative approach to manufacturing requires collaboration with partner companies for inventory review, production plan, and manufacturing to fulfill customer's orders. However, frequent changes of partnerships binder partner companies from sharing production information in effective ways since their information systems have different data architectures and platforms. Therefore, it is required flexible and standardized system integration approach fir effective information sharing. This research studies current status and problems of collaborative production system, proposes an architecture for collaborative production systems based on Web Services which is a standard information technology, and discusses expected effects and the vision of Web Services.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 1969

1. Amylase producing bacteria have been isolated from natural sources and was identified out. The above strain is identical to Bacillus subtillis in every details of physiological and morphorogical characteristics by this investigations. 2. Sikworm chrysalis nad chlorella extracts are prove to be further effective for the stimulation of amylase production than any other sources. The former silkworm extract is more stronger in its activity. 3. It is found that effective results had been accepted by a less soybean meal addition per that of wheat bran in the mixture ratio of them, also less addition of corn is needed in the mixture ratio of between corn and whear bran. In the mixing ratio of wheat bran per silkworm or chlorella extracts, the addition of wheat bran is necessary for stimulation of amylase production. 4. Fro the stimulation of amylase production, the effective substances from natural sources and its order of activity in cultral media cultral media is proved as follows, silkworms ext.>chlorella ext.>alcohol>skim-milk and peptone>fermented milk>radish leaf ext.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.212-217
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• 1997

A strain of Bacillus sp. WS-14 was isolated from soil. Medium optimization for ${\beta}-mannanase$ production by Bacillus sp. WS-14 was performed. Effect of various carbon sources on ${\beta}-mannanase$ production was investigated and locust bean gum was the most effective for ${\beta}-mannanase$ production. ${\beta}-mannanase$ activity and cell growth increased with increasing the concentration of locust bean gum, however, the amounts were not significant. Among nitrogen sources, soytone was the most effective for ${\beta}-mannanase$ production. Inorganic compounds such as $KH_2PO_4,\;NaCl\;Na_2CO_3\;and\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;on\;{\beta}-mannanase$ production were optimized for ${\beta}-mannanase$ production. Locust bean gum of 10.0 g/l, soytone of 5.0 g/l, $KH_2PO_4$ of 2.0 g/l, NaCl of 10.0 g/l, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;of\;0.2\;g/l,\;Na_2CO_3$, of 2.0 g/l were selected as optimum content. Production of ${\beta}-mannanase$ by using the optimum medium was carried out. The maximum ${\beta}-mannanase$ activity of 20.8 unit/ml could be obtained after 14 h fermentation which corresponed to the productivity of ${\beta}-mannanase$ of 1.48 unit/ml-h.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 1987

Onion extracts were tested for effects on the growth and lactic acid production of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in the medium containing mercury. The media containing mercury were added with onion extracts and inoculated with the bacterium and then incubated at $39^{\circ}$ for four days. All of the onion extracts examined increased the growth and lactic acid production of the bacterium in the medium containing mercury. At the addition of the edible portion extract of onion to the medium containing 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm mercury, the higher the concentration of the onion extract was added, the greater the increasing effect on the growth and lactic acid production. The brown peel extract of onion increased the growth and lactic acid production of the bacterium in the medium containing mercury at all concentrations. The higher the concentration of the extract added, the more effective the increasing effect. The onion solutions of edible portion and brown peel extracted at $90^{\circ}\;to\;100^{\circ}$ showed more desirable effects than those extracted at the room temperature. Among four kinds of the onion extracts, the brown peel solution extracted at $90^{\circ}\;to\;100^{\circ}$ was the most effective in increase of the growth and lactic acid production in the medium containing mercury.