• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to test both the alignment theory and entertainment theory on family firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. To achieve these goals, we collected secondary data from 164 non-financial family firms in various sectors during 2014-18. These family firms are classified into two categories: family control firms and family owned firms. We take the audit fee and the audit quality as dependent variables while family control firms, family-owned firms, and family CEOs as independent variables. In addition, the study uses leverage, profit and export as control variables. To test the effect of the explanatory variables on the output variables, we use two econometric models, Ordinary Least Square and the Probit regression model. In addition, Huber Sandwich test is used to check the non-normality and heteroscedasticity of panel data. Contrary to the alignment effect, the study supports the entrenchment effect and advocates that family-controlled firms as well as family-owned firms are not conscientious regarding the selection of external auditors during their contracts with audit firms. They are less likely to pay high audit fees for good quality audit in Pakistan. Furthermore, the study shows a statistically significant and positive relationship between audit quality and audit fees.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.393-407
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• 2015

This study is intended to look into the effects of small business startup environments on failure burden and startup failure. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 300 small business CEOs in Seoul. The results were as follows. First, the effect of startup environments on failure burden showed that management environment, business environment, internal organizational environment and external organizational environment had a negative effect on failure burden. Second, the effect of startup environments on financial and non-financial losses showed that startup management environment, startup business environment and internal organizational environment had a negative effect on financial and non-financial losses. Third, the effect of failure burden on startup failure showed that failure burden had a positive effect on financial and non-financial losses. Consequently, this study indicates that internal organizational commitment and communication are important attributes affecting failure burden, financial and non-financial losses, compared with management quality, entrepreneurship and business environment.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2017

This study has an objective to analyze the causal relationship between the business resource of the members in the Airport Special Guard's firms and its effect on their business attitude and turnover intention. To carry out the study, I established a population of Airport Special Guard's working at the Airport firms in In-cheon, Kim-po, Cheong-ju and Dae-gu. Then a total of 300 questionnaires were sent out for the survey using the random sampling method of clusters. The study was carried out over about four months, from July, 2016 to october, 2016. A total of 260 questionnaires were used for the final data. 40 questionnaires were excluded either because they were not returned or contained extreme value. In this study, a statistical package of SPSS WIN 18.0 were used in the data analysis and the causal relationship was verified using the multiple regression analysis. The analysis showed the business resource to have a positive effect on the business attitude but a negative effect statistical level of p<.01 on the turnover intention at the statistical level of p<.001 and the hypothesis was adopted. The hypothesis regarding the business attitude was also adopted because business attitude was found to have a negative effect on the turnover intention at the statistical level of p<.01. In addition, business attitude was found to have a negative effect on the relationship between the business resource and turnover intention at the statistical level of p<.05. As a result, the hypothesis about the business attitude would function as the parameter was only partially adopted. Through these research result, it was investigated that the relation between business resource, business attitude and turnover intention is significantly effective variable in airport special guard's. Additionally, business resource is the most important.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

This study analyzed the effect of workplace innovation on business performance and labor condition improvement. The study results showed that work process standardization and quality control positively affected business performance. Also, downsizing, reducing individual subcontract, expanding non-core business outsourcing positively affected both business performance and labor condition improvement. In addition, labor union's participation moderated the effect of work process innovation on business performance. This study provided implications for analyzing the effect of workplace innovation comprehensively and extending the scope of study to personal employee dimension.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-54
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to research the effect of organizational culture on trust and communication. Also, the study explores whether trust and communication affects innovative behavior and the mediation effect on innovative behavior among organizational culture, trust and communication. This study analyzed the mediating effect with SEM using data from the HCCP in 2015. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that innovative, collective and rational culture positively influence but hierarchical culture negatively influence trust and communication. Second, trust and communication have a positive effect on innovative behavior and trust has a positive effect on communication. Third, the effect innovative, collective hierarchical and rational culture on innovative behavior is mediated through trust and communication. Therefore, this study suggests creating an innovative, relationship-based and goal-oriented organizational culture which increases trust and communication that facilitates innovative behavior.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.18-28
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• 2021

This study surveyed how retirees' evaluation of starting food service business affects the effectiveness their new business and quality of life, based on personal factors such as entrepreneurship and business-starting capability and environmental factors by using questionnaires. Bootstrapping was carried out in order to find out factors affecting rapidly changing new business environments and retirees' initial intent to start a business so as to verify basic hypothesis about relation between retirees' evaluation of starting food service business (social, economic, and psychological effects) and the effectiveness of their new business and quality of life and confirm whether the effectiveness of the new business acts as a medium between the evaluation of starting food service business and quality of life. In addition, PLS-MGA was performed in order to verify whether the correlations among test factors can be varied according to the kind of job the target retirees had. Having examined the basic thesis, it was found that social and economic factors had significant positive effect on the effectiveness of the new business, and social and psychological factors had significant positive effect on the quality of life. Having analyzed whether the effectiveness of new business acted as a media between evaluation of starting food service business and quality of life, there was no significant effect as a medium. Having studied whether the kind of job of the retirees controlled or affected the relations among evaluation of starting food service business, effectiveness of new business and quality of life, the results were as follows: in the office job retiree group, the greater economic factor led to increase of effectiveness of new business, while social and psychological factors influenced the quality of life; In the physical labor group, the higher social factor resulted in higher effectiveness of new business, which showed significant positive effect on the quality of life. Having researched about which element is considered to be most important in starting food service business, the most important element was found to be dish/menu, followed by staff management, accounting management, business management, and service education. Having analyzed relation between accomplishment and important consideration for starting food service business, "managers with entrepreneurship," "appropriate distribution of time to prepare for starting business," and "operation of practical field education programs" showed higher importance compared to the degree of satisfaction, so it is needed to more concentrate on the above matters. This study intends to raise retirees' awareness of starting business and help them live better life based on the analysis results, and further suggest detailed mechanism and specific operations of factors affecting retirees' decision making on starting business, such that they can use the information as basic materials to make better choices that can lead to successful business.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.827-839
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• 2021

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of trust, awareness, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioural control on intention and examine the mediating role of trust in the relationship between awareness and attitude. The population was Muslims in Bali Province, with a sample of 150 respondents. Quantitative analysis is used based on multivariate analysis using the SEM model with a variance-based PLS. The results are as follows: (1) knowledge has a significant positive effect on attitude. (2) Awareness has no significant effect on attitude. (3) Awareness has a significant positive effect on trust. (4) Trust has a significant positive effect on attitude. (5) Attitude has no significant effect on intention. (6) Subjective norm has a significant positive effect on intention. (7) Behaviour control has a significant positive effect on intention. (8) The role of trust is a conscious mediation that impacts attitude. The study provides insight into Islamic bank managers to meet prospective customers' expectations and identify their intention to become customers through managing trust, awareness, attitude, subjective norms, behavioural control, and intention in one unified whole as internal resource. This study enriches empirical evidence on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, which examines knowledge, awareness, and belief.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.17-31
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• 2002

This study is, to the special company with corporate brand, to investigate the effect of its reputation, credibility and the similarity of business area on consumer's attitude toward its clothing products. It is another topic of the study to reveal statistical significance in comsumer's attitude when naming new product with two different brand strategy. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, there was positive relationship between corporate reputation and consumer's attitude toward new brand and also between corporate credibility and consumer's that. Second, corporate credibility is proven to be grown in proportion to company's reputation. In other words, a corporate credibility is grown with a corporate reputation. Third, the influence of similarity or fitness of business area has a positive effect on a attitude toward new brand. The case of use the new brand name, the variable had low effect on attitude toward new brand, comparing to the case of use the existing brand name but seems to be statistically significant. Fourth, comparing to the inclination toward company's product based on brand name, strategy of supporting brand extension is more effective than that of new brand name on evaluating company's reputation, credibility and the similarity of business area. Fifth, the similarity of business area and the interaction of brand name on the basis of the strategy of use the existing brand name(;brand extension strategy) and new one have significant effect on the inclination to a brand. When participating a new business, it is more effective that a company is extending its business where the similarity of business area is growing. For the case of low similarity, the brand-new strategy is proven to be effective.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1267-1274
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of corporate communication and service quality on loyalty mediating satisfaction. The population of this study is 384 Islamic bank customers in North Sumatra. This research is quantitative research using the survey method. The number of research samples was 384 customers. Characteristics of this research sample were (1) Savings customers who actively carried out transactions in Islamic banks (2) Savings customers who had used bank services for at least 1 year (3) Savings customers who used services directly and individually. The data analysis technique used in this study was the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (SEM-PLS) analysis technique, using Warp-PLS 3.0 software. This study investigates the largest Islamic banks in North Sumatra, namely Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BNI Syariah, and Bank BRI Syariah. The results show that company communication has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction, service quality has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction, company communication has a positive and significant effect on loyalty, service quality has a positive and significant effect on loyalty, satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on loyalty. There is also a significant effect of satisfaction on the relationship between company communication and loyalty, and the relationship between service quality and loyalty. This study contributes to Islamic banking to increase customer loyalty.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.105-115
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• 2015

This study examined what effect the educational satisfaction level in the grey job project had on the business effectiveness and verified the effect the participant education satisfaction level had on the project business effectiveness ultimately by influencing the job satisfaction. This study utilized the source data of the senior job project old participant status survey of the Korea senior manpower development center which was conducted in 2013, and the non-proportional stratification sample extracting method was used which considered the project type, regional size, and cities/provinces. Sejong City was excluded from the survey target and the survey targeted 2,005 persons except for non-response or response-irrelevant persons concerning this study question. The collected material was analyzed by using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The frequency and percentage were calculated to apprehend the general characteristic of the study target. Also, the regression analysis was conducted to examine the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness of the senior job project, and the hierarchical regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the mediated effect of the job satisfaction level in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness of the senior job project. The main result of this study is as follows. First, among the effects the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness, both interest level of educational contents and the job utilization of education had a significant effect on the psychological effect, and the interest level of the educational contents had a significant level on the physical/social effect, and the job utilization of education had a significant effect on the economic effect. Second, in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness, the job satisfaction level was confirmed the job satisfaction level had a partial mediated effect in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the psychological/physical/social effect. The job satisfaction level was confirmed the job satisfaction level had a complete mediated effect in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the economic effect. Also, The job satisfaction level was confirmed the job satisfaction level had a partial mediated effect in the effect the educational satisfaction level had on the business effectiveness. Consequently, the educational contents according with the demand of job participants will have to be developed and the exclusive manpower must be arranged to conduct the education effectively. Also, making participants feel a pride on the job fully will largely contribute to raising the business effectiveness because the job satisfaction level has a positive effect on the business effectiveness.