• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.290-297
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• 1997

Background : Despite remarkable progress of understanding the pathophysiology and therapy of bronchial asthma, asthma morbidity and mortality are on the rise. Also hospitalization and attending rates of emergency department for asthma have been increasing gradually. We analyzed clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients who visited emergency room due to asthma attack in order to define clinical characteristics of these group of patients. Method : We reviewed 105 adult asthmatic patients who attended emergency department of Korea University Hospital between August 1995 and July 1996, retrospectively. Results : 103 patients(56 female, 47 males, mean age : 48.6 years) attended-68 self referral, 18 practitioner referral and 17 OPD transfer- and 86 patients(83.5%) were admitted. Attending emergncy department was clearly more frequent in December(13.6%) and May(12.6%). Time lag between onset of asthmatic attack and arrival at the hospital was $14.2{\pm}15.5$ hour and initial peak expiratory flow rate was $166.7{\pm}68.3L/min$.(43.3% predicted) The commonest cause for visiting emergency room was aggravation of asthma due to upper respiratory tract infection in mild asthmatics. About half of them had history of previous ER visits. Their prognosis was not bad, but after discharge, about half of patients escaped from OPD follow-up. Conclusion : As a group they merit detailed attention and follow up arrangement. Clinician need to monitor and review the treatment plans, the medications, the patient's management technique, and the level of asthma control. For this group, plans for longer term treatment, including asthma education program and adjustment of overall treatment plan should be made.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1008-1017
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Quantity and Quality of food and nutrient intake of preschool children. The subjects were 57 children aged 3 to 6 years in Gumi day-care centers. Total daily dietary intakes were calculated by weighing food consumed at the day-care centers taken together with dietary records by children's mothers for intakes at home. This survey was conducted during 3 days including week and weekend days. Diet Quality was assessed by NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio), MAR (Mean Adequacy Ratio), food group pattern and DDS (Dietary Diversity Score). The daily food intake was 992.7g, the plant food intake $(68\%)$ was higher than animal food intake $(32\%)$. The daily energy intake was 1249.2 kcal $(85\%\;RDA)$ and protein 43.8g $(153.6\%\;RDA)$. Percentage of calcium, iron, and niacin consumed below $75\%$ of RDAs were $29.8\%,\;35.1\%\;and\;28.1\%$, respectively. Proportions of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat were $61.0\%,\;14.1\%\;and\;25.5\%$, respectively. Calorie intake proportion of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack were $15\%,\;20\%,\;19\%\;and\;46\%$, respectively. The NAR of Ca and Fe and MAR were 0.84, 0.85 and 0.92, respectively. Thirty-one point six percent of children consumed 5 food groups (GMFVDS=110111) per day. Persons who had higher DDSs correlated positively with NAR and MAR. As a result, dietary intake of preschool children partially showed a problem of over and under nutrition in Quantity or Quality. We hope that the result of this study could be helpful for developing the nutrition education program for the health and nutrition of preschool children.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

This paper considers the possibilities of health promotion from the following perspectives; (1) IUHPE, (2) socio-cultural similarities, (3) action research, and (4) learning from our past. 1. The IUHPE values decentralized activities through regions, and countries such as Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and China belong to NPWP region. Since IUHPE World Conference was held in Japan in 1995, Japan used to occupy more than 60% of NPWP membership. After 2001, membership is increasing rapidly in Chinese speaking sub-region. The transnational collaboration is still in its beginning phase. 2. Confucianism is one of key points. Confucian tradition should not be seen only as obstacles but as advantages to seek a form of health promotion more acceptable in East Asia. 3. Within the new public health framework, people are expected to create and live their health. However, especially in Japan, the tendency of 'lacking of face-to-face explicit interactions' is still common at health-promotion settings as well as academic settings. Therefore, the author tried participatory approaches such as asking WlFY (interactive questions designed for subjects to review their daily life and environment) and as introducing round table interactions. So far, majority of participants welcome new trials. 4. The following social phenomena are comparatively discussed after Japanese invasion and occupation of Korea ended in 1945; ·status of oriental medicine, ·separation of dispensary services, and ·health promotion specialist as a national license. In contrast to Japanese' tendency of maintaining the status quo and postponing of substantial social change, trend toward rapid and dynamic social changes are more commonly observed in Korea. Although all of above possibilities are still in their beginning stages, they are going to offer interesting directions waiting for further challenges and accompanying researches.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.543-551
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• 2011

Critical thinking is recognized as core competency for dental hygiene practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between critical thinking disposition and grade, types of educational programs and satisfaction with interpersonal relationship, major, clinical practice. Total 909 students in associate and baccalaureate dental hygiene educational program completed self-reported questionnaire on critical thinking disposition inventory developed by Yoon(2004). The mean score for critical thinking disposition was 3.38~3.39 on a 5 point scale. There was no difference in critical thinking disposition scores between students of associate and baccalaureate programs. There was no difference in critical thinking disposition scores between grade of students. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between critical thinking disposition and satisfaction with interpersonal relationship and major. Multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) revealed that all subscales for three groups according to satisfaction with interpersonal relationship were significantly different(Pillai's trace=0.075, F(14,1782)=4.979, p<0.001) and all subscales for three groups according to satisfaction with major were significantly different(Pillai's trace=0.035, F(14,1728)=2.257, p=0.005).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.439-443
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to prevent excessive use of fluorine toothpaste. To comparatively evaluate the amount used of the fluorine toothpaste in children from 3 to 6 years old, the toothpaste amount was compared according to toothbrush size and toothpaste squeezing method targeting 84 children in 5 child care centers where were located in Hongseong-gun, Chungnam. The toothpaste amount was compared with a method of squeezing to pea-size and a method of smear on toothbrush, targeting 141 students for the Dept. of Dental Hygiene, who are actually carrying out oral health education to targeting children. The statistical analysis was used SPSS 14.0 K for Windows program(Copyright(c) SPSS Inc.). The following results were obtained. 1. The amount of fluorine toothpaste squeezed on toothbrush for children was 0.29 g. The amount of fluorine toothpaste squeezed on toothbrush for adults was 0.34 g. It was surveyed to use the less amount of toothpaste when squeezing to smaller toothbrush (p<0.05). 2. The amount that children aged 3-6 squeezed as the method of squeezing commonly at ordinary times was 0.31g. The amount that was squeezing to pea-size was 0.21 g. The amount that was squeezed by using smear method was measured to be 0.26g. Less amount of fluorine toothpaste was used with the method of squeezing to pea-size and smear method rather than a method of squeezing commonly at ordinary times(p<0.05). 3. As a result of surveying the students of the department of dental hygiene, the amount of having squeezed to pea- size was 0.23 g. It was surveyed to be 0.15 g when having used the smear method. Thus, it was surveyed to use the less amount of toothpaste when using the smear method(p<0.05). 4. Using smaller toothbrush, the amount used of fluorine toothpaste can be reduced. Both smear method and the method of squeezing to pea-size are available for minimizing careless fluorine intake by less used amount of fluorine toothpaste.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.81-93
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• 2020

This study is based on workplace learning, which has revealed its significant influence in the previous enterprise case studies. Why do small business owners have the opportunity to participate in workplace learning based on authenticity? It was intended to clarify whether it was necessary and to increase the growth and development potential of small business owners based on its contents. Moreover, this study is focused on identifying the influence of workplace learning on management performance through this series of processes. In order to investigate the influence of small enterprise workplace learning on management performance, research hypotheses were set based on a review of previous studies, and empirical analysis was carried out. A total of 203 questionnaires were empirically analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. As a result, first, workplace learning had partially significant positive influence on job satisfaction. Second, workplace learning had significant positive influence on management performance. Third, job satisfaction had significant positive influence on management performance. Fourth, job satisfaction had partial mediating effect in the relationship between workplace learning and management performance. The analysis result showed that among sub-factors of workplace learning, only formal learning did not affect job satisfaction and that job satisfaction did not have mediating effect in the relationship between formal learning and management performance. According to analysis, this was because in poor small enterprise environments, opportunities to participate in formal learning like external training or in-house training were not kept. In other words, poor small enterprise environments were plainly revealed from the managerial, economic and social standpoint. Therefore, there is a need to establish the foundation of growth for them to solve problems and develop win-win development capabilities and an institutional system that can make a contribution to policy and education, and management, by helping small enterprises keep opportunities to participate in workplace learning. In spite of these significant study results, there can be a limitation. For improving this limitation, further research will need to target diverse fields focusing on samples, which can explain relations of many different variables. Also, working-level relation research connected to studies that can highly enhance management performance will be required.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to help improve oral health care planning for the elderly in an effort to promote the oral health of elderly people in preparation for aging society. The subjects in this study were 200 elderly people who were selected by random sampling from senior centers in Seoul. An interview was conducted to gather data from June to September 2008, and the data collected were analyzed.: 1. The mean number of residual tooth was 13.71. 2. Concerning connections between gender and subjective oral symptoms, gender had a statistically significant relationship to temporomandibular joint dysfunction(p=0.000), dry mouth(p=0.001) and halitosis(p=0.006). The men underwent more oral symptoms than the women. 3. As for the relationship of mastication(p=0.000), oral pain(p=0.010), temporomandibular joint dysfunction(p=0.010) and dry mouth(p=0.001) to subjective oral health state, the elderly people who were not in a good oral health suffered more oral symptoms, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant. 4. A larger number of tooth led to less mastication difficulties, less dry mouth and more gingival diseases, and the relationship between the factors was statistically significant. A better oral health state led to less mastication difficulties, less oral pain, less dry mouth and less bad breath, and the relationship between the factors was statistically significant. Through this study the oral health the elderly people perceive wss concerned with oral symptom, and the number of residual teeth also had links to subjective oral symptoms. Therefore, to maintain original teeth of the elderly people, the management system of oral health and the education program for oral health in order to prevent disease relateded with oral and enhance the perception standard of oral state are indispensably necessary to the elderly people.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2013

In order to propose effective conservation management plan, this study verified ecological characteristics, humanities and Social characteristics. The research site is private property which is owned belonging to the Kim's of Gimhae that have long history. The study site is more than a thousand years old and was created for protecting from typhoon. There held the religious ritual what is called Dongsinje until 1960s. There have been protected and managed by the villagers. As the results of analysis, the area of windbreak are $12,392.69m^2$. The windbreak is dominated old years deciduous broad-leaved tree such as Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, Aphananthe aspera. Around there were farmlands(52.1%), urbanized area(26.3%), forest area(16.6%). The vegetation communities of windbreak were classified by considering the dominant species and current status of forest. The forest types are following as; A. aspera community(I) which is using less pressure, Platycarya strobilacea-Carpinus coreana-Z. serrata community(II). Z. serrata community(III) which is using high pressure, Z. serrata-A. aspera community(IV), Z. serrata community(V) which is damaged under canopy trees. The windbreak was in good condition whereas, there were concerns the some wrong status was being undermined such as the wrong forest restoration projects in the past, the trails that is penetrating inside the forest, building up education facilities. Therefore, in order to restore the value of windbreak what is so called Suwol forest, we should improve the problems of forest ecosystem such as wrong management, forest fragmentation by facilities and decline in forest by lack of growing the next generation trees. In addition, we should remove excessive resting facilities and lead to passive use of forest. to improve the way of wrong management, moreover, we should close off he trails that is penetrating inside the forest for improving fragmentation. We should restore vegetation restoration and fostering the next generation trees for forest ecosystem. In order to restore unique of histo-cultural and ecological forest landscape, the next generation trees should be grown up that is the dominant species in Suwol forest. Moreover, as a results of comparing the between good vegetation communities and damaged vegetation communities, it is necessary to complementary planting for demeged vegetation communities, therefore there needs to 10.8 under canopy trees, 79.7 shrubs.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to summarize results from 11 domestic studies about sick role behavior applied health belief model and to assess the effectiveness of components on behavior change by using meta-analysis. Methods: We collected the existing literatures by using major web search of 'pulmonary tuberculosis patients', 'health belief model', and 'sick role behavior' as key words and by reviewing content of journals. Quantitative meta-analysis was performed by SAS program. Results: Among 66 articles, 11 studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. The knowledge level about pulmonary tuberculosis had more effect for only sick role behavior as general characterisitcs(d=0.7870). All the components of health belief model produced significant effects on sick role behavior with the magnitude of effect size from 0.31 to 0.73. The largest effects were benefits on actions of sick role behavior. Conclusions: Overall, these investigation provide very substantial empirical evidence supporting health belief model dimensions as important contributors to the explanation and prediction of sick role behavior among the type of health related behavior in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Strategic intervention including health education, etc. based on health belief model showed clear advantage in improvement of behavioral change.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.179-190
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to understand pregnancy, delivery, and infant rearing knowledge and educational need of marriage immigrant women to be utilized as a basic data for developing a suitable educational program. Methods: The subject of the study was composed of one hundred twenty two married immigrant women who live in South Korea. The method used in determining the population was the convenience sampling method. The data were gathered by means of personal interviews using questionnaires. Results: The mean score of pregnancy and delivery knowledge was 3.35, educational need was 3.64 out of 5, and infant rearing knowledge was 3.16, educational need was 3.66 out of 5. The pregnancy and delivery knowledge of the subject showed significant differences based on their present residential location and presence of children and their educational need varies according to their country of origin. The infant rearing knowledge on the other hand, showed notable differences according to presence of children while homeland and existence of children were the two major factors that greatly influenced the significant variation for educational need. Conclusions: The score of pregnancy, delivery and infant educational need were higher than knowledge. The score of pregnancy, delivery, and infant rearing educational need garnered similar results. Thus it is suggested that further researches should be conducted for the development, application, and verification of pregnancy, delivery, and infant rearing education programs that consider knowledge and educational need of immigrant married women in South Korea.