• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2023

This is a case study of private sector's development of long-term unexecuted urban parks in Pohang through a special act, which provides a guideline of 30% of land for non-park while 70% of land for park. The strategy has a lot of validity in many respects along with the urban planning sunset system, but even with the special act it would not easy to be implemented in Pohang, where the guideline has been modified to 20% for non-park, mostly multi-family housing projects while 80% for park. Thus, participation of private companies would be discouraged due to low commercial validity. Also, there would exist various risks because the project would be completed through a long-term decision-making and execution process. Thus, this study argues that it would be better for Pohang to follow the original guideline of the government for better implementation of the projects, along with preparation of a law with which the government be able to recoup excess profits when too much profits would be given to private developers. For the project implemented smoothly, it is also important to understand local housing market and fluctuating economic conditions, and to prepare various incentives for private companies. In addition, to secure publicity, guidelines on the level of publicity of the project should be prepared through negotiation by parties to prevent the project being discouraged too much.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.23
• /
• pp.99-112
• /
• 1988

Questionnaires and blood pressure measurements were administered to 279 medical school undergraduates in 1987 to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors and blood pressure as well as reliability and validity of the Framingham Type A Behavior Scale(FTA). The reliability coefficients of SCL-90-R and nh measured by Spearman-Brown haves split test were $0.57{\sim}0.91$. The factors of FTA extracted by principal component analysis were hard-driving competitiveness factor and impatience factor(2-factor solution) . The total score of nh was positively correlated with relative weight and place raised but the correlations were insignificant, and had significantly positive but weak correlations with depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid, and psychoticism subscales of SCL-90-R. In the univariate analysis of blood pressures, relative weight and family history were significant in systolic pressure in males and economic status was significant in blood pressures in both sexes. For diastolic pressure, relative weight and frequency of alcohol intake were significant in males and relative weight was in females. After controlling relative weight, the frequency of alcohol intake for diastolic pressure and economic status for systolic pressure were significant in males. The important variables selected by stepwise regression analysis were relative weight and economic status for systolic pressure of males and relative weight and the frequency of alcohol intake for diastolic pressure. At the level of alpha 0.1, depression subscale was added to the model, changing coefficient of determination 0.206 to 0.217. In females, economic status and relative weight were selected for systolic pressure and for diastolic pressure body mass index alone, but the model of blood pressure for females was considered to be unstable due to small sample size(56). FTA was unrelated to the blood pressures in both sexes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.213-230
• /
• 2014

Increasing unemployment rate and creation of new jobs are most important issues around the world recently. Then many developed countries, including Republic of Korea, establish and enforce a variety of start-up activation policies to increase employment rate and boom up the national economy. Establishing linkage of entrepreneurship motivation, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intention and firm performance, focusing on potential entrepreneurs and entrepreneur, it could provide personalized and targeted entrepreneurial policy programs to increase entrepreneurship, because entrepreneurship is the most important factor to activate startups. On this study, it established factors of entrepreneurial motivation on potential entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs, and analyzed the linkage of factors of entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intention(potential entrepreneurs) and firm performance(entrepreneurs). For analysis, this study conducted descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis to verify validity, correlation analysis, and regression to analyze influence between factors. Potential entrepreneurs group has 202 samples, and findings show self-efficacy, social network, economic status and government policy influence on entrepreneurship positively. And self-efficacy, startup education, economic status and government policy have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, too. Entrepreneurs group has 212 samples, and findings show self-efficacy, social network and economic status influence on entrepreneurship. And each linkage has a positive effect, that self-efficacy - financial and non-financial performance, startup education - financial and technological performance, social network - financial performance, economic status - financial and non-financial performance, and government policy - financial and technological performance.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.63-104
• /
• 2004

Economists have long been involved in various studies, theoretical and empirical, on the economic gains from innovative activities and as their outcome, intellectual properties. In Korea, however, research in this field has experienced rather slow progress, partly due to the lack of data availability and the awareness of its importance. This study attempts to measure the economic impact of patents on market value of firms from a microeconomic point of view. Analyses are performed to examine the ex-ante market valuation of patent acquisition activities by investigating the effect of patent acquisitions on daily stock prices as well as on annual market values. The study on the effect of a disclosure of granted patents on daily stock prices reveals that the economic value of a firm's patent acquisition is fairly high. The study on listed firms also reveals that a firm's patent registration stock has a positive and statistically significant effect on its year-end market value. Therefore, it can be concluded that the analysis performed in this study supports the validity of Korea's current patent system. The result, however, does not guarantee the optimality of current system. Studies on various aspects of intellectual property should follow to shape the system into a socially optimal one.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.42-89
• /
• 2000

Industrial ceramic of Korean industrial design, especially tableware show different characteristics in their forms between 1940s-1960s, and 1970s-1990s. The shift of such changes can be verified objectively by module measurement. The validity of the results applying this method is supported by the investigation of the change of aesthetic modes in Korean society. The most obvious change in the figurative characteristics of tableware is in the outline of their external shapes. 'Module' is used to describe and analyze the changes of such an external shape more strictly as the objective method and measuring the module is employed. This method was developed by the combination of the method analyzing figurative art works by Re Corbuise who uses 'module' with Hambidge's method to describe and analyze the works by means of the golden section. The shift of flgurative changes of tableware could be examined objectively and elaborately by such a newly developed method. The industrialization of tableware production in Korea was begun in 1940s. Then its design was not activated, but as the society has been stabilized through the liberation and civil war, design was settled in 1960s. After that, the design has played the essential roles in 1970s. And as the importance of design in producing goods has been recognized according to the economic growth. The design of tableware shows a remarkable difference based on 1960s and 1970s in such an economic growth. It is resulted from the scientific data analysis of the design since 1940 without any preference. According to the results which analyze the external shapes of tableware for last 50 years, the tableware designs show much differences between 1940s-1960s, and 1970s-1990s. The figurative changes of Korean tableware show the similar trends to the transitional aspects of the society. Design is the manifestation of aesthetic modes which have been developed in a close relationship to society and especially economy. In Korea the development of design was initiated by the economic growth and the Korean aesthetic modes were also changed with the economic growth. The transitional shift of aesthetic modes shown in the figurative characteristics of tableware which are divided on the basis of 1960s and 1970s was peak in 1970s with the development of economy and design started in 1960s.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.221-254
• /
• 2010

This study is for analyzing the mgmt performances of Korean tourism firms, operating as preparing strategically against FTA, one of the most importantly external environment in int'l mgmt since in the mid of 1990s. The main purpose can be mentioned to test empirically some relations between the mgmt performances of Korean tourism ones and the economic effects originated from FTA. The dependent variables of mgmt performances are classified with sales, profits and mgmt satisfaction, while the independent one regarding with economic effects from FTA are sorted based on the previous studies with the 2 following factors like direct with inbound/outbound and indirect effects. This study is conducted in two stages. Firstly, the research model is designed by the reviewing relevant theories and previous studies. Secondly, the survey of Korean tourism firms engaging in mgmt activities is implemented by collecting questionnaires. And for testing the hypothesis, the analyzing tools are used for correlation, reliability, validity and multi-regression on SPSS 12.0 and the path analysis of structural equation modeling is activated with AMOS 11.0.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.49-71
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the corporate social responsibility by port operation organization on the brand asset, reputation and relationship performance perceived by interested parties. To achieve such a purpose, literature survey on various research papers and thesis, research report is carried out and also reliability analysis, validity test and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 are used. To verify a established research model for empirical analysis and hypotheses, questionnaires are distributed to the port operation organization, terminal operators, shipping companies and NGO. Total 414 copies of questionnaires were collected and used in this analysis. The main results of the study are summarized as below. First, it was confirmed that social responsibility of the port operation organization are classified into three categories; economic, legal, and charitable and ethical responsibility. Second, economic responsibility has a positive impact on the brand awareness and reputation. Third, legal responsibility has a positive impact on the trust and commitment. Fourth, charitable and ethical responsibility has a positive impact on brand image and awareness, reputation, trust and commitment. Further additional empirical research can be extended by distributing more questionnaires including several port operation organizations in Busan and Incheon.

• Analyses & Alternatives
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.117-154
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the practical validity of financial sanctions, which has recently emerged as the most powerful form of economic sanctions preferred by U.S. foreign policy tool. Based on the theoretical discussion, analyse this study the trend of de-dollarization appearing in connection with financial sanctions and argue that the effectiveness of financial sanctions erode the dollar financial hegemony, which is the source of its power can be degraded, so that its effectiveness could not be so great as most people likely think about. After World War II, there has been an increasing tendency in the international community to favor economic sanctions over the use of military force as an effective means of foreign policy. Among these economic sanctions, a distinct feature that has recently appeared is the remarkable increase in the frequency of use of financial sanctions. The country that favors financial sanctions most is the United States. The reason is that they believe that the power of their own dollar financial hegemony can exert deadly pressure on other countries. Financial sanctions favored by the United States are said to have increased the effectiveness of sanctions by upgrading the pressure of sanctions to the next level. Nevertheless, financial sanctions have a side that underestimates the cost. This problem is found in the signs that the backlash from not only countries subject to financial sanctions but also many countries with interests in these countries is leading to a tendency to de-dollarization. This study will try to see how likely this de-dollarization trend is to offset the effectiveness of financial sanctions.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1971

The "Younger Granites" in Korea were being believed to be late Cretaceous in age and named "Bulkuksa granites" by all previous works until the writer had discovered Jurassic granite in 1963. The present paper is to prove its validity by age dating on these granites which was carried out by Professor Y. Ueda, Tohoku University, Japan. The age of 37 granites samples from various localities ranges from 68 my to 181 my. Of these 10 samples belonged to early Jurassic, 6 samples to mid-Jurassic, 4 samples to late Jurassic, 5 samples to early Cretaceous, and 12 samples to late Cretaceous in age. It is of the writer's opinion that the granites intruded in from early Jurassic to early Cretaceous age belong to Daebo granites and are syntectonic plutons associated with Daebo orogeny, and only those of late Cretaceous age belong to Bulkuksa granites that were associated with Bulkuksa disturbance. Daebo granites are aligned along NE-SW Sinian direction in the middle parts of Korea and crop out in the cores of folded mountains which were formed by Daebo Orogeny, such as Charyong, Noryong, Sobaek, and Dukyu Ranges. On the contrary Bulkuksa granites are restricted in Kyongsang basin and adjacent few localities in distribution and show no alignment. Granites supposedly associated with other disturbances of post-precambrian Have not been found so far in S. Korea. Age dating of granites has revealed that Daebo orogeny might be continuous from Songrim distur bance of late Triassic age. From this viewpoint, it could be assumed that Daedong system of Jurassic age were deposited in separate intermontain basins while Daebo orogeny was active, so that Daedong system in separate localities in Korea could not been correlated in their lithology as well as stratig raphy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.3232-3237
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate the economic value of Tyvek planting technique in Korean citrus. The Tyvek planting technique was developed by national institute of horticultural and herbal science in Korea rural development administration. This technology could be used to improve efficiency and practicality of cultivation of citrus. The research results show that the technological value of Tyvek planting technique was evaluated 42,163(discount rate 6%)-55,018(discount rate 8%) million won. IRR is greater than discount rate(6-10%). NPV is greater than zero. B/C ratio IRR is greater than 20. The economic validity of Tyvek planting technique is identified by the results of technology evaluation.