• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2020

In Floating PV (Photovoltaic) systems, PV modules are installed on water by utilizing the surface of idle water such as a reservoir and multipurpose dam. A floating PV system, therefore, has the advantage of efficiency in national land use and improved energy yield owing to cooling effect compared to on-land PV systems. Owing to the limitation of installation environment for a floating PV system, the system, however, has the disadvantage of an increase in transmission distance of DC (Direct current) cables. A longer transmission distance of a DC cable results in greater power loss due to a voltage drop. This leads to a decline in economic feasibility for the floating PV system. In this paper, the economic analysis for 10 floating PV systems installed in a reservoir has been conducted in terms of a change in annual power sales according to the variation of transmission losses depending on the factors affecting the voltage drop, such as transmission distance, cross-section area of underwater cable, the presence of joint box, and PV capacity.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.169-182
• /
• 1978

The Weolagsan area consists of four units; (1) Low grade meta-sediments of the upper members of Ogcheon age unknown group such as Changri (mainly black slate and phyllitic rock), Majeonri (mainly alternation of slate, limestone and chert) and Hwanggangri Formation (pebble bearing phyllitic sediments); (2) Samtaesan Formation of Chosun System of Ordovician; (3) So called meta-volcanics and (4) Weolagsan Granite and its associations which intruded above mentioned meta-sediments and meta-volcanics. This study was focused to know the Woelagsan granite and its metasomatic effects to the country rocks petrographically and petrochemically. According to the field survey, microscopic work and some chemical analysis, the granite is a "normal granite" based on the Streckeisen's classification and belongs to a mass of the Central-zone younger group in Ogcheon geosynclinal belt. The granite metasomatized the country rocks along its northern contact zone. Zone of calcareous and cherty rocks (Majeonri formation) was silicified partly and skarned locally at the contact with the granite. The chemical analysis of the zone show no difinite variations in contents of $SiO_2$ and CaO with the distance from the granite. It seems to be indicated that the silicification of this part was not so metasomatized by the granite body, but thermally affected as much as to be partially remelted in the specific parts of the formations. Meta-volcanic rock zone was slightly chloritized near contact with the granite. Limestone of Samtaesan Formation was silicified and skarned along the contact zone by the granite body. The chemical analysis of the zone show some noticiable changes in compositions of $SiO_2$ and CaO with distance from the granite boundary. It can be imagined that the silicification of this zone was metasomatically originated by Woelagsan Granite. According to chemical analysis on several trace elements, the ratio of Zn/Cr and Ni/Cr are relatively higher than that of Cu/Cr in the above mentioned silicified zones. Generally the variation of these metal elements in the zones tend to be regular with distance from the granite body.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.224-241
• /
• 2015

This study investigates the time-space characteristics of the consumptions of cultural-contents commodities and their spatial diffusion progresses via digital media. For the purpose, we examine the spatial diffusion patterns of PSY's Music Video "Gangnam Style" since it has been launched on the YouTube. By visualizing the spacio-temporal progresses of YouTube, Tweet, and Google searching data during four months after launching, we examine the time-space characteristics of diffusion patterns of the music video via each media. We found that the adapting time and the diffusion progress were not in accordance at each country. The results revel that cultural distance such as characterized by language, cultural linkage, exclusivism or courtesy for the 'Hanrue' affects quite strongly on the spatial diffusion of music video rather than physical distance.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 2016

This study analyzes the economic efficiency of utilizing hot waste water at a thermoelectric power plant, which is part of recent projects supported by the Korean government to foster new energy industry. The author proposes an institution that provides economic incentives to promote the project. Based on a method of calculating Levelized cost of energy (LCOE), this study finds that the LCOE of using hot waste water at power plants is higher than that of oil boiler, biomass and a power plant's auxiliary steam but similar to that of the geothermal system. Also, according to sensitivity analysis on the LCOE of each element in the system of using hot waste water, a distance of heat supply is most sensitive. Therefore, this study shows that when the government devises an incentive-based institution to expand the project of utilizing hot waste water, it is necessary to establish Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) weights that are differentiated by a distance of heat supply.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.345-351
• /
• 2012

The major trade area of the South Korea is divided into Asia, America and Europe. Generally, marine transportation is the main method of mass cargo transportation, but unlike others, rail transportation is available in the Europe area. Also, as a result of China's growth, South Korea's position as northeast Asia logistics hub has weakened. That is the reason why we need to pay attention to rail transportation, an alternative competitive structure. In accordance with this background, this study focuses on analyzing economic feasibility comparing transportation routes to Europe using Trans-Korea Railway and Trans-Siberia Railway. Factors of analysis are transportation distance, period, cost and additional cost As the result, considering economic feasibility, TKR-TSR route(Route1) is the best transportation approach for six routes. Therefore, using TKR-TSR railway will be the best way to increase nation's competitiveness, in response to Russia government's far-east development strategy.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.619-633
• /
• 2008

This study is to compare cultural characteristics and the clothing value between Korean and American college women. Also this study is to analyze the culture effect on the clothing value. The cultural characteristics is explained by Hofstede's five Cultural Dimensions- power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. 800 questionnaires, were utilized for this study. The SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the technical statistics like average and frequency, 1-test, $x^2$, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Also the LISREL 8.0 was used to Perform a confirmatory factor analysis. The result showed, first, there were 5 major cultural differences between Korean and American college women. Comparatively, Korean college women showed higher uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, and lower power distance, individualism and masculinity. Second, there were differences in the clothing value aspect. Korean college women considered the aesthetic clothing value to be most important, however, American college women considered the economic clothing value to be most important. Third, there were some differences in the clothing value because of the cultural differences. For Korean college women, there were 5 major cultural differences that had an effect on the aesthetic, social, religious and economic clothing values, however, for America college women, the 5 major cultural differences had an effect on the aesthetic, social, and religious values but no effect on the economic value.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.51-70
• /
• 2021

This study measured the environmental efficiency of 21 international airports based on sustainability reports issued by each airport for 2018. As many sectors in the industry paid attention to social and environmental responsibilities, airport operators comprise one of the leading sectors that streamlined their facilities to become increasingly sustainable and environmental. Nevertheless, studies on the environmental operations of airports are insufficient compared with studies on economic or operational efficiency. Therefore, the current study aims to determine any possible improvement in the environmental inefficiency of airports with the utilization of directional distance function (DDF) and to examine operational efficiency with the application of the data envelopment analysis (DEA). The majority of airports have operated their facilities efficiently, but not all have effectively managed pollutants generated by airports. Furthermore, many airports can still potentially reduce CO₂ and water consumption. This study suggests several implementable environmental improvements to the aviation sector. Moreover, other industrial sectors may use the research as a benchmark for enhancing environmental efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2017

It has become important for unutilized energy to be used for air conditioning of building. Economic evaluation on energy system by using treated sewage water as heat source, which is one of unutilized energy, was performed. The floor area of the subject building and the distance between heat source equipment and sewage treatment plant was assumed $30,000m^2$ and 200m. Absorption chiller-heater system was used for comparing to the energy efficient system, and payback period method was applied to carry out economic evaluation. Although the operating cost of this system is reduced compared to general heat source system, the ratio is not meaningful compared to the initial investment cost increase, and payback period was calculated to be about 36.1 years. However, when calculated based on the 2014 rate of electricity and city gas, it will be greatly reduced to 3.1 years. International commodity prices are constantly changing, and therefore national policy on the spread of unutilized energy should be maintained.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.49-73
• /
• 2011

With the market evaluation of economic globalization exchanges between different cultures, cultural trade has been developing at an accelerated speed, and also playing an important role in East Asian intra-regional trade. In this research the author used gravity trade model to explain the causal relationship between dependent variable trade flows and several independent variables applying with five categories cultural goods which classified in HS codes. Firstly for cultural heritage trade flow, the results indicated that economic masses of bilateral countries have no significant influences on it; GDP per capita of host country and adjacency factor with partner country have significant negative influences on it; Internet coverage ratio has improved cultural heritages exchanges in East Asian regions. Secondly for printed matter cultural goods trade flow, the distance factor has significant negative influence but common language has significant positive influence on it. Thirdly for recorded media cultural goods, only economic masses and GDP per capita of bilateral countries can improved their trade flows. Fourthly for visual arts cultural products trade flows, almost all variables we tested have significant influences on it. Fifthly for cinema photography cultural goods trade flow, the influenced factor are same with cultural heritage products except they have strong positive interaction relationship with economic masses and common language. At last, the paper figured out some important and potential sectors for cultural goods trade in East Asia and gave some suggestions to government and cultural goods product enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.132-140
• /
• 2020

The development status was studied to predict the concept of how drone taxis would be presented in daily life. the results of the analysis on traffic effects of drone taxis showed that they would be an innovative transportation option that could reach a distance of 60km, which would typically take an hour by car, within twenty minutes. Moreover, the economic analysis of existing aircraft development was limited to production (development investment) of the input budget. However, since the drone taxi is a new transportation system, an overall traffic platform, such as its own terminals, would need to be established. So, the production inducement effect was analyzed by dividing input budget into three factors; production, infrastructure, and service. The results indicate this to be an innovative project expected to have an economic ripple effect and reach a total of 24 trillion won after an investment of 13 trillion won (production + infrastructure + service) in Korea from 2020 to 2040.