• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.513-520
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• 2022

Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the factors related to non-use of interdental care products (ICP) in adolescents. Methods: The 2019 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used, examining 57,303 subjects. Complex-sample chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify differences in ICP according to sociodemographic characteristics and oral health behavior and to determine the factors related to non-use. Results: The ICP non-use rate was 70.9%. Factors related to the non-use of ICP were middle or low economic status (OR=1.367 and 1.677). The other significant variables were less than one tooth brushing per day (OR=1.542), no scaling within 12 months (OR=1.631), and receiving dental treatment either once or two times or more (OR=1.757 and 2.195). Conclusions: To increase the ICP usage rate, continuous attention is needed from schools and families in addition to interventions at the national level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.460-466
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• 1999

The huge amount of demand for feedgrains from this region could not possibly be met by producing countries from the other regions. In order to fulfill this increasing demand for conventional raw materials, an alternative for the conventional raw materials produced in the Asia and Pacific region is becoming increasingly more important. A potential alternative is concentrates or non-conventional concentrates produced locally in relative abundance in this region. These feedstuffs include feed grains, by-products from the milling, sugar industries, brewing and distilling industries. Vegetable, citrus, and animal by-products from abattoir, feather meal and blood meal are also possibilities. In addition to more widespread use of unconventional feed sources, the following approach is recommended to improve utilization and performance. These include establishing the nutritive value of non-conventional feeds, quality control to minimize variability, proper storage and processing to assure the nutritive value and prevent mycotoxin contamination, properly balance amino acids with protein sources, supplementation with synthetic amino acids and the use of enzymes to increase digestibility. Currently, practical applications for these resources in feed formulation are negligible despite the potential. The socio-economic aspects will dominate the use of these non-conventional concentrates. In the future, the feed industry will resolve the problems in using locally available raw feed materials.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.37-55
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• 2008

This paper attempts to examine the effect of EXPO 2012 Yeosu on the economy of Gwangyang bay area. Based on previous successful EXPOs, We identified four major positive effects (direct economic impact, regional infrastructure developments, redevelopment of slum areas and industrial complex, and internationalization of Gwangyang bay area). Especially, EXPO 2012 Yeosu will contribute to make the job creation of 97,842 employees and promote tourism industry. To maximize the above positive effects of EXPO 2012 Yeosu, we suggest several strategic alternatives in this paper. First of all, we need to make several plans for realizing the specialized theme of EXPO 2012 Yeosu. Second, local governments should create a more favorable business environment for foreign investors. Third, we have to make the strategic tourism programs to attract foreign tourists. Finally, local governments need to make the several communication strategies of utilizing mass media and non-mass media.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1997

The contingent valuation method(CVM) has been used to evaluate the economic value of nonmarket goods such as forest recreation. There are two commonly used CVM questionnaire formats: open-ended and closed-ended. This study evaluates the net economic value associated with day use downhill skiing, using CVM. A random, on-site survey of skiers in Muju, Korea generated the value estimates. In this paper a nonparametric test is introduced to find whether the difference between value estimates from open-ended and closed-ended formats are significantly different because the distributions of WTPs are non-normally distributed. The results show that the net economic benefits of a skier in Muju varies from \15,131 to \25,332. The closed-ended values were 1.15 to 1.67 times as large as the open-ended values, depending on the model specifications. In nonparametric test the mean WTPs of the open-ended and close-ended applications are significantly different. Its reason may be that closed-ended can be more reducing the incentive for strategic behavior than open-ended question. However, we cannot conclude that the closed-ended method is superior to the open-ended method.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.255-292
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• 2018

This paper evaluates the new food policy adopted by the European Union to enhance the food safety after the mad cow crisis occurred in 1990's. Newly introduced rules at the EU level are characterized by two features. Firstly, an important part of them have the form of Regulation which is a binding legislative to all member countries. Secondly, most of them are horizontally applied to the whole food industry, irrespective of their kinds of performance, hygiene or labelling. According to theoretical studies on this topic, any food safety regulation for solving adverse selection problem or reducing negative externality in food consumption should be fine-tuning depending on the concrete demand and costs conditions of the food sector concerned. In this theoretical perspective, the food safety laws introduced at EU level after mad cow crisis have been over-regulated for improving social welfare. The true motivation for the transfer of the policy competence on food safety to the Union level is political rather than economic. Our analysis with a political economic perspective shows that how the EU food regulations have been embraced not only by the governments of member countries, but also by diverse interest groups like food processor & distributors, consumers and agro-livestock groups, and that they have been used as protectionist purpose specially against non-member developing countries. Taking into account the fact that the basic aim to form the Union is to establish a single market to enhance economic efficiency at the Union level, the EU is required to adopt some policy actions to reduce negative effects of too restrictive food safety regulations.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.107-133
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• 2009

International relations in the 21st century is featured by boundless competition among nations to secure sufficient energy resources for achieving economic development. Resource diplomacy, therefore, is competitive in its nature, which is derived from the fact that resources of the globe are limited. Chinese recent economic growth has been possible mainly due to its success in resource diplomacy. The Chinese resource diplomacy has shown two different patterns according to target regions. On the one hand, China has pursued multilateral approach to Central Asia region, by which China aimed to secure energy with joint exploration method in the region. Chinese resource diplomacy toward Africa, on the other hand, has been based on bilateral approach combined with unit-centered economic aid to African nations. This difference in Chinese foreign policy pattern seems to be derived from three factors: namely, Chinese strategic considerations on geopolitical condition, regional security sensitivity, and legacies of Chinese long-time non-alignment diplomacy since the 1950s. Whether China is able to maintain the current pattern of resource diplomacy will be depended on how wisely China pursue its relations with two other global powers: Russia in the Central Asia and the U.S. in Africa. In this regard, the Chinese resource diplomacy is expected to work as determining factor of shaping a pattern of tri-lateral strategic relations among the U.S., Russia, and China. Chinese resource diplomacy thus will determine the future direction of the global politics in terms of strategic arrangement.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.279-291
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• 2013

The seismic damage of non-structural components, such as communication facilities, causes direct economic losses as well as indirect losses which result from social chaos occurring with downtime of communication and financial management network systems. The current Korean seismic code, KBC2009, prescribes the design criteria and requirements of non-structural components based on their elastic response. However, it is difficult for KBC to reflect the dynamic characteristics of structures where non-structural components exist. In this study, both linear and nonlinear time history analyses of structures with various analysis parameters were carried out and floor acceleration spectra obtained from analyses were compared with both ground acceleration spectra used for input records of the analyses and the design floor acceleration spectrum proposed by National Radio Research Agency. Also, this study investigates to find out the influence of structural dynamic characteristics on the floor acceleration spectra. The analysis results show that the acceleration amplification is observed due to the resonance phenomenon and such amplification increases with the increase of building heights and with the decrease of structure's energy dissipation capacities.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of family environmental variables and parent-child communication on the self-esteem of delinquent and non-delinquent juveniles. For this study, a questionnaire was administered to 117 non-delinquent juveniles living with their parents as high school students and 98 delinquent juveniles aged 15~18 who live in detention centers for adolescence. The data was analyzed using t-test, cross-tab, correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with SPSS /PC window program. Based on these results, the following conclusions were drawn. First, it was found that non-delinquent juveniles show a more open communication style with their parents than delinquent juveniles. Furthermore, a high level of parent-child communication was associated with high self-esteem in adolescents. Second, although physical environment such as family type or economic status influences an adolescents' self-esteem, the degree of positive parent-child communication style has a much greater effect on an adolescents' self-esteem. Finally, in terms of the effects of family environmental variables and parent-child communication style on self-esteem, parent-child communication style has a stronger effect on delinquent juveniles than non-delinquent juveniles. These results shows the importance of communication style between parent and child, especially for families with delinquent juveniles.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.499-513
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• 2009

An economic signal in the real world usually reflects complex phenomena. One may have difficulty both extracting and interpreting information embedded in such a signal. A natural way to reduce complexity is to decompose the original signal into several simple components, and then analyze each component. Spectral analysis (Priestley, 1981) provides a tool to analyze such signals under the assumption that the time series is stationary. However when the signal is subject to non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics such as amplitude and frequency modulation along time scale, spectral analysis is not suitable. Huang et al. (1998b, 1999) proposed a data-adaptive decomposition method called empirical mode decomposition and then applied Hilbert spectral analysis to decomposed signals called intrinsic mode function. Huang et al. (1998b, 1999) named this two step procedure the Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT). Because of its robustness in the presence of nonlinearity and non-stationarity, HHT has been used in various fields. In this paper, we discuss the applications of the HHT and demonstrate its promising potential for non-stationary financial time series data provided through a Korean stock price index.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.30-38
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• 2005

This paper proposes a new method which can calculates nodal price as an economic signal at non-optimal operation. By using pseudo constraints in 11 cases, we calculate shadow price and nodal price based on non-optimal operation. By comparing shadow price and nodal prices based on optimal and non-optimal operation effectiveness of the method is verified.