• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 1989

The amount of the Korean export & import in 1987 reached $88.3 billion which was 1.75% of the total world trade and the proportion of foreign dependence to G.N.P was 74.5%. From these facts, we can infer that the development of national economy is largely dependent upon trade. Therefore the role of transportation, especially Ocean transportation, as a basis of economic development through trade is one of the main factors that can not be passed over. Here, We can define that a port as a subsystem of transportation determines the efficiency of the total transportation system. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to contribute in improvement of the efficiency in port, reinforcement of the international competitiveness for exporting goods by the analysis of the cargo handling charges. In order to do this, this paper deals the case of B.C.T.O.C. Furthermore, this study gives some important informations related to the level of tariffs for establishing an autonomous port administration. The Summary of the conclusions of this paper is as follows ; 1) The object of port administration in Korea has been emphasized on the maximization of efficiency in using the port facilities. Nowadays, however, it should be moved to a direction that port is operated under the compound aims considering the public interests and economy. 2) For a criterian of tariff calculation, A tariff system based on the cost accounting is desirable. In general it is recommended that the cost for construction, management, and operation of port is compensated by the revenue from port operation. Therefore, it is necessary for the administration bodies of each port to establish a tariff system on the basis of the independent profit system. 3) For the investigation of actors of tariff adjustment by the Break-even point analysis, (1) When we conducted the B.E.P analysis using total cost as cost term, we got 3.8% discount in tariff at 12% of target profit rate and 1.5% discount at 15% of rate. when we set the target profit rate as 17% we could have the proper tariff level. (2) When using operating cost as cost term, we got 13.1% discount in tariff at 12% of target profit rate and 10.9% discount at 15% of rate. When setting the target profit rat as 28%, we could have the proper tariff level. 4) Comparing with the tariffs of foreign ports for the basic terminal rate, The tariff level of B.C.T.O.C showed 33% of stevedoring charge and 80% of marshalling charge incurred at Kobe port. The comparison with Singapore port gave 50% of transhipment charge and 17% - 20 % of stevedoring charge. 5) We found that the financial structure of B.C.T.O.C was better than those of other companies and the worth fixed assets ratio was too low. The fact of low worth fixed assets ratio implies that the cargo handling facilities should be increased. Moreover, The return of assets for B.T.T.O.C was good but non-operating expenses were still contained too much in. Therefore, we think that it is necessary for B.C.T.O.C. to rationalize business management. Although the present cargo handing charge for B.C.T.O.C is a proper level in terms of a public corporation, for the final recommendation in connection to the results, It is required to take the rationalization process for business management.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.493-502
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• 2023

The development of online content is changing the value of society very diversely and rapidly. In particular, the non-face-to-face e-sports industry is growing significantly in the current situation where the COVID-19 Pandemic has not been completely overcome. The use of NFT in the eSports industry is receiving positive reviews as a field with high potential for future growth that protects digital assets of eSports users, but at the same time, it is raising concerns that cash transactions of digital items could encourage gambling. In this study, the characteristics of the recent eSports industry and NFT were identified and classified through case studies using literature, official sites, and online news articles. Through various cases of eSports and NFT, we discussed the potential for future growth and activation plan of the NFT industry of eSports. The result is as follows. First, it is necessary to use NFT using IP of eSports event itself. Second, it is necessary to combine the functional role of the item with NFT to provide features that users can utilize. Third, it is necessary to provide users with opportunities to engage in economic activities using eSports and NFT. Finally, it is necessary to use NFT to strengthen the digital asset protection of eSports users. Through this study, it is expected to be used as a basis for further discussions on the NFT industry of e-sports and as a material for securing competitiveness.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.233-265
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• 2011

Material hardship measures have been used to supplement the traditional income-based poverty measures. Recently poverty researchers have increasingly used measure of material hardship to examine the well-being of low income families. Measuring the material hardship might be useful to a better understanding of the multi-dimensions of the poverty in Korea. Using the data of the Korea Welfare Panel Study(the fourth wave), I examine incidences of material hardship across quintiles of the income distributions and the factors that might affect the experience of material hardship among the poor families. Major findings are as follows. Descriptive results show that nearly one-fifth of all families had experienced at least one of the five material hardships in the year. Those in the bottom quintiles and the poor families are more likely to experience material hardship than the other quintiles and non-poor families. But, incidences of the material hardship in the middle income quintiles and low income families are not a few(18 percent and 37 percent). Logistic regression results show that family-consumption related variables, income other economic resources(asset and public assistance), and household's employment status affect the experience of material hardship among the poor families. But, material hardship among the poor families is not significantly related with family income. These results indicate that material hardship measures are the useful indicators to understanding the multi-dimensions of the poverty in Korea. And they suggest that an extensive reform of the public assistance policy is necessary to relieve the material hardships of the poor in Korea.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.135-164
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• 2008

This research is to offer a structured yet practical ex-ante evaluation methodology for IT investment. Benchmarking the best practices of four Korean organizations, we try to integrate core processes, relevant measures, and evaluation dimensions into a consistent and wholesome body of evaluating methodology. The best practices we considered encompass a wide range of business enterprises, including for-profit, non-profit, service-oriented, and manufacturing entities. The proposed methodology consists of three stages; the first stage checks the validity of investments by looking into comprehensiveness of planning, willingness to accomplish, justifiable grounds for the investments, overlapping investments, and obstructing risks; the second do so by putting an IT investment into economic, strategic, and technological perspectives; and the last third would produce a unified quantity that summarizes outcome of the previous stages. Incorporating the proven knowledge, guidelines, and quantifying tools, the methodology could make a valuable reference model for IT evaluation practitioners who have been bedeviled by having to going through such ex-ante evaluations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.119-130
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of DVR(Driving Video Recorder) operation on decreasing the number of traffic accidents, the cost of traffic accident claim, and the behavioral change in drivers' driving. The data for this research are obtained from taxi drivers in Busan. For this, Structural Equation Model and two-way ANOVA are employed for empirical analysis. Overall results of this study show that the number of traffic accidents of 4 taxi corporations in Busan has decreased by average 32.7 percent after using DVRs. In addition, as to the cost of taxi accident claims, it is expected that the DVR operation has a considerable effect on economic benefits of taxi corporations. Moreover, this study could make clear the difference in behaviors between DVR users and non-users, and discriminate the positive and negative impacts of the DVR operation on the drivers' driving behavior. The study quantitatively examined the indirect impact of 'attitude', 'subject norm' and 'behavioral control' factors on planned 'behavior', and the direct impact of 'behavioral control' factor on the planned 'behavior'. This study suggests that they should add the video recoding function of DVRs when operation recorder(blackbox for the car) is obligatorily set up on cars for business by traffic security law.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2010

The global financial crisis has exerted enormous impacts on the attainment of inflation target in Korea. The annual average CPI inflation was 3.3% during the targeting period of 2007-2009 and the target was $3.0{\pm}0.5%$. Thus Korea has succeeded in keeping annual average CPI inflation just below the upper limit of the 2007-2009 target under the global crisis. This paper intends to evaluate the performance of the inflation targeting system in Korea. First, it estimates the conventional call rate reaction equation under the global crisis and finds that the policy interest rates never reacted to expected inflation, output gap, and won/dollar exchange rate, as expected by theory. Second, it identifies the shock of global financial crisis into core and non-core, applying the structural VAR model. The core shock was defined to have no (medium- to) long-run impact on real output. The core shock was identified to have the character of the demand shock, since it has the positive impact on the inflation and output in the short run. The structural core inflation due to core shock was an attractor of headline inflation, not vice versa. Therefore, the structural core inflation that reflects the demand-side shock would be the better intermediate target for the final headline inflation target than the official core inflation that excludes the volatile inflation of agricultural and oil-related products. During the inflation targeting period of 2007-2009, the structural core inflation was more volatile than the official core inflation, because the global crisis has very large negative impacts on the domestic demand as well as the prices of agricultural and oil-related products. This paper shows that the negative core shock during the fourth quarter of 2008 was larger than that in the financial crisis in 1998. But the core shock turned into positive very quickly in 2009, as the Korean economy recovered very quickly from crisis. The volatile changes in structural core inflation suggests that the Bank of Korea barely managed to attain the 2007-2009 inflation target, owing to the very large negative impacts of the global financial crisis on the domestic demand. It also suggests that the rapid rise in core inflation with the rapid recovery of the Korean economy will lead to rapid rise in headline inflation.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.120-144
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• 2007

In 1997, in the course of overcoming economic crisis caused by the shortage of foreign currency there was a significant phenomenon, the irregularization of human labour resources. There was no exception in hospital, either. Most hospitals put a lot of thought to solve the problem about irregular workers. Between employee and employer the problem of irregular workers has been raised as a main topic of all. The objectives of this study were to inspect the actual state of irregular workers and to understand the positive effect of protecting irregular workers, recently established and revised, on the human resources management of hospitals. After enacting irregular labours protection acts there were many opinions that the labour rules of hospitals would be changed.(56.7%). The plan to solve irregular worker's wage issues would he carried out step by step, but some hospitals have not examined the plan yet,(81.9%). Many hospitals had a plan that irregular worker's wage would be actualized in two or three years.(78.3%) The method, to solve the problem of irregular workers arc as follows: 1) the introduction of functional wage system, 2) the convert from automatic rising wage system to annual wage system, 3) the incentive grade system according to management result, 4) lower functional group wage system, 5) non-term contract wage system. From the point of the opening medical market and securing competitive power of hospitals, it is prospected that irregular works would be increased also in future. So to manage irregular workers effectively would be essential in maintain hospital's competitive power and improve medical service. The result, of this study were a, follow: (1) In hospital, the ratio of irregular workers in hospitals was lower than that of all irregular workers in Korea. (2) In hospital, the wage level of irregular workers was higher than that of irregular workers in Korea. (3) In hospital, the social insurance application ratio of irregular workers was higher than that of all workers in Korea. (4) In hospital, there seems to be no appropriate and active measures to improve labour condition of irregular workers, yet. (5) In many hospitals, the policy of irregular workers would be expected to revised for the law standards. In this study the actual conditions and problems of irregular workers were proposed and it was expected to contribute decisions-making in hospital management, especially when using human resources.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Liquefaction is a significant threat to structures on loose saturated sandy soil deposits in the event of an earthquake, and can often cause catastrophic damage, economic loss, and loss of life. Nevertheless, the Korean peninsula has for a long time been recognized as a safe region with respect to the hazard of liquefaction, as the peninsula is located in a moderate seismicity region, and there have been no reports of liquefaction, with the exception of references in some historical documents. However, some earthquakes that have recently occurred in different parts of the world have led to liquefaction in non-plastic silty soils, a soil type that can be found in many of the western coastal areas of Korea. In this study, we first present procedures for evaluating the liquefaction potential, and calculate the liquefaction potential index (LPI) distribution at two western coastal sites using both piezocone penetration test (CPTu) data and standard penetration test (SPT) data. The LPI is computed by integrating liquefaction potential over a depth of 20m, and provides an estimate of liquefaction-related surface damage. In addition, we compared the LPI values obtained from CPTu and SPT, respectively. Our research found that the CRR values from CPTu were lower than those from the SPT, particularly in the range between 40 and 120 for the corrected tip resistance, (qc1N)CS, from the CPTu, or in the range of CRR less than 0.23, resulting in relatively high LPI values. Moreover, it was observed that the differences in the CRR between the two methods were relatively higher for soils with high fine contents.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-102
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• 2014

As carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, is generally emitted by vehicles, the development and distribution of electric cars is important for the sustainability of environmentally-friendly tourism, especially in national parks. National parks in Korea, however, still see the use of traditional vehicles powered by internal combustion engines in the handling of visitors and the transportation of goods and staff. Such engines being the cause of environmental problems such as exhaust emission and noise pollution, the introduction of electric cars in national parks is needed. This study aims to analyze the economic value of electric cars in national parks as well as contribute to the development of the Green Transportation model in tourism destinations. The study used a logit model to estimate the willingness to pay for the introduction of electric cars in national parks. Adults over the age of twenty, with gender and age apportioned equally, were surveyed using questionnaires that included dichotomous as well as demographic questions. The findings show that the amount an individual is willing to pay for the purpose of environmental conservation is 3,948 won, while the value the national parks would derive from the use of electric cars is 56,138,130,000 won. The introduction of electric cars in national parks is expected to offer both direct and indirect benefits while helping to improving the environment of the national parks by eliminating exhaust emission and noise. This introduction would also be a response to climate change that can be taken by society as a whole.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.35-50
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• 2017

The Korean society is currently at the level of discussing the living environment and the housing welfare as factors for improving the quality of life, in addition to most individuals or households residing in a living environment and housing welfare, according to industrialization and urbanization. However, even though the overall housing welfare of Korea has improved, the number of households with disabilities belonging to the social special class is not as high as that of the non-disabled households. It is a reality that cannot be done. Therefore, this study aims to identify the present condition and demand characteristics of the housing for disabled people whose social importance is currently emphasized among the social special people who can be called the social special class, as well as present the housing welfare policy to them and explain the purpose of the improvement plan. In this study, 4,277 out of 8,004 households with disabilities surveyed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport in 2015 were analyzed. The result of the analysis showed that the economic characteristics (permanent income indicating the income and the user cost indicating the expenditure) of the housing demand of a household with a handicapped individual are important. This analysis will provide more effective policy formulation and policy direction for the families of the disabled.