• 전기의세계
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 1972

This paper describes the problem of the shortange-economic-scheduling for unit commitment and load dispatching in thermal power system. For economic operation of thermal system, the optimum time of startup and shoutdown of the generating unit must be determined so as to minimize the sum of generating and starting fuel cost over a given period. The above problems are analyzed for the purpose of the application of Dynamic Programing Method. Also the technique of Dynamic Programming is applied to the problems. For the illustative purpose, a case study was made on a model system composed of eight units and the computing time was about 190 seconds by IBM 360-40 system. Therefore, one can utilize this suggested method on any of the practical power systems.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.117-140
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• 2018

WTO was established in 1995 and as many as 36 new members joined WTO until December 2017. Thus it would be interesting to see if new members have committed higher or lower levels of market opening compared to the original members. In this regard, a sophisticated scoring scheme is needed to quantify market opening commitments. After proper econometric model is established for the original members, same model can be applied to the new members for comparison. It was found that new members committed a much higher level of commitment than the original members. In addition, it was also found that transition economies committed higher levels than the non-transition economies. More interesting finding is that among the new members, the larger the economies or the larger the trading volume are, the closer was the level of commitment to the predicted level. Then the question is whether this difference was due to benign neglect by the new members or due to malign select by the original members.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.6_2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to establish the effects of the welfare benefits for security agents on the organizational commitment and the job satisfaction. To achieve this purpose, data were collected from 288 security agents of the security companies located in Seoul and Gyeonggi regions using the welfare benefit, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction scale, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The conclusion obtained from the results of the analysis is as follows : First, it was the difference in welfare benefits, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, depending on individual characteristics of the security agents. Second, it was found that the cultural support, facilities support, economic support, and life support of welfare benefits had positive effects on the organizational commitment of security agents, and the conclusion that the welfare benefit factors are important to increase the organizational commitment was derived. Third, it was found that the cultural support, facilities support, economic support, and life support of welfare benefits had positive effects on the job satisfaction of security agents, and the conclusion that satisfying the welfare benefits is a way to raise the job satisfaction was derived.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.103-120
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• 2015

This study tries to explain customer experience in retail stores from a holistic perspective including hedonic, economic, symbolic, and relational dimensions. We also attempt to empirically investigate the effect of each dimension of customer experience on the store attitude and store attachment and the differential influence of the store attitude and attachment on the commitment toward store. The major findings from empirical analysis are as follows. First, all four dimensions of customer experience positively impact on the store attitude. Second, symbolic and relational dimensions of customer experience have a positive effect on the store attachment while hedonic and economic dimensions don't. Third, the store attachment more positively influence the commitment toward store than the store attitude do. This paper extends the scope of the study on consumer experience in retail setting by broadening the dimensions of it and testing the differential effect of each dimensions empirically. The results of this research can provide useful implications for practitioners to build successful strategies on customer experience management in retail stores.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.1 s.149
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• pp.38-47
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• 2006

As apparel manufacturers and fabric suppliers are positioned in the middle of the apparel supply chain, these supply chain members build up a partnership to establish a win-win mutual relationship and to gam global competition. This study aimed to provide useful suggestions in setting up operational strategies by investigating the current state of a partnership between apparel manufactures and fabric suppliers. Partnership variables were included as: cooperative attitude, information sharing, interdependency, communications, strategic fit trust and commitment. Manufacturers' performance included productive/economic/emotional performance. A questionnaire was distributed to apparel manufactures who are doing business with fabric suppliers. A total of 101 complete questionnaires were used for further analysis. The results were as follows; First, apparel manufacturers do business with $10\~20$ fabric suppliers mainly, duration of business relation with main partners ranged from 1 year to 30 years, with 7 years on average. Among criteria with which apparel manufactures select fabric suppliers, quality and delivery-time were the most important. Second, cooperative attributes, communications, and strategic fit were positively related with trust. The higher commitment led to the high level of interdependency and strategic fit and tend to more trustworthy. Trust and commitment were significantly re lated with manufacturers' performance(i.e., productive/economic/emotional performance). This study is expected to contribute to increase the better performance for domestic apparel manufacturers.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.3 s.81
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• pp.73-82
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the related variables of university students' coping behavior concerning job-searching problems. The subjects were 436 senior students (212 men and 224 women) enrolled in a university in Gyeongbuk Province. Survey questionnaires were used to measure undergraduate students' coping behavior concerning job-searching problems, work commitment, their will to accept downward employment, sex role identity, grade, sex, perceived SES, and major. Data were analyzed by means, standard deviations, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe' test, and regression. Results are summarized as follows: (1) Male students' level of active and supportive coping behavior was higher than female students'. Male students' level of evasive coping behavior was lower than female students'. Students who perceive their economic condition as negative were higher in active and supportive coping behavior and lower in evasive coping behavior than the students who perceive their economic condition as positive. (2) The students who were strong in work commitment were higher in active coping behavior, and lower in evasive coping behavior than those who were not. (3) The students who were willing to accept downward employment were higher in active coping behavior than those who were not.(4) The students' coping behavior concerning job-searching problems differed according to their sex role identity. (5) Work commitment and sex role identity were influential variables on university students' job-coping behavior.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.667-694
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• 2018

We analyze the learning-by-doing effects of the allowance pricing system on the Korea's emission trading scheme. The price of allowance (Korean Allowance Unit) is influenced differently by internal market factors and economic conditions variables in the first (January 2015 to June 2016 ) and the second commitment year(January 2016 to June 2017). The prices and transaction volumes of complementary credits (KCU and KOC) as well as economic conditions variables (such as call rate, exchange rate, stock price) are statistically significant only for the second commitment year. Thus, the learning-by-doing effect makes the market participation decision on K-ETS market more efficient in the second commitment year, adopting the previous experience and knowledge in the K-ETS market. The factors estimated significantly in both commitment periods include the institutional binary variable for requiring the submission of the emissions verification reports issued both on February and March.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.313-330
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• 2009

This study aimed at inquiring into the effect of the reward program in an online web homepage, which is most widely applied as a sales promotion tool for the foodservice industry, on customer trust, commitment and loyalty. The result is summarized as follows. The effect of the reward characteristics within a reward program on their trust and commitment showed that first, for the reward time, both compensation for delaying time and immediate time has a significantly positive effect on their trust and commitment, suggesting that the reward type as well as the reward time of a reward program is an important factor for improving their trust and commitment. In particular, indirect reward was a significant in raising their commitment or loyalty continuously, and for the reward attribute, economic reward was a significant attribute in building their trust.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting those commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean with chronic diseases by Pender's health promotion model. Methods: The participants in this study were 315 Korean adults over 18 years of age with chronic diseases who were recruited in hospitals or public health centers in Korea. The instruments used in this study were individual characteristics instrument, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Ware's perceived health status, Profile of Mood States and Pender's commitment to a plan for exercises scale. Results: The results of analysis showed that Korean adults with chronic diseases were perceived with relatively low commitment to a plan for exercise while they were perceived with moderate self-esteem, health status, and mood. There were significant differences in the commitment to a plan for exercise according to education level and economic level. The positive relationship between self esteem, perceived health status, and commitment to a plan for exercise were significantly correlated. The experience for exercise was the most influential variable on commitment to a plan for exercise accounting for 40.3% among Korean with chronic diseases. Conclusion: For planning a targeted strategy to increase regular exercise among Korean adults with chronic diseases, nurses have to assess the prior experience of exercise of them. These nursing activities lead to improve their quality of life and encourage to control their symptoms.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 2018

The substantial slowdown of economic growth since the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 is rekindling debate on whether developing Asia should use fiscal expansion to boost aggregate demand. A key factor in the debate is the effectiveness of countercyclical fiscal policy in the region. The global crisis, as well as the fiscal stimulus packages implemented by developing Asian countries at that time, give some clues to this important issue. The region weathered the global crisis well and experienced a robust V-shaped recovery. According to conventional wisdom, the fiscal stimulus packages put in place by Asian governments played a key role in the region's recovery. The central objective of this paper is to empirically test this wisdom by using cross-country panel data. Our main finding is that the stimulus has had a limited but positive impact on developing Asia's output during the global crisis. This lends some support to the notion that countercyclical fiscal policy can help the region cope with severe external shocks. The broader, more fundamental implication for regional policymakers is that the region's long-standing commitment to fiscal discipline can yield significant benefits beyond macroeconomic stability. An important consequence of this commitment - relatively healthy fiscal balance sheets - enabled the region's governments to quickly and decisively embark upon fiscal stimulus programs.