• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

More than 2,500 accessions of squash germplasm are preserved in the National Agrobidiversity Center of RDA, Korea. We investigated the ecological and morphological characteristics on 100 accessions of the squash germplasms with a low viability. Two typical types of oriental squash (Cucurbita moschata) and western squash (Cucurbita maxima) are possessed 89 and 11 accessions, respectively. The origin of 100 accessions was divided into three groups, group I (Korea landraces with 81 accessions), group II (Nepal with 15 accessions) and group III (Russia, Uzbekistan, Laos, and Mexico with each one accession). Seventy eight accessions germinated at $27^{\circ}C$ in growth chamber. Days to first flowering of the female and male flower ranged from 32 days to 67 days and 24 days to 55 days after planting, respectively. Vine length showed the largest variation ranging from 357.8 cm to 1,465 cm, also the average length of ten stem node range has a variable ranges from 92 cm to 217.5 cm. All regenerated squash accessions have an only collided tendril and have three to seven lateral shoots. The flattened globe-shaped squash is the most predominant and exhibited ordinarily round shaped, ball shaped, long oblong-shaped, elongated shape, and pear shape. The average weight of fruit ranged from 1.33 kg to 7.95 kg. Sugar contents showed 5.4~12.6 $Brix^{\circ}$ without ripening period.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.364-375
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• 2019

Background: Ecologists continue to investigate the factors that potentially affect the pattern and magnitude of tree damage during catastrophic windstorms in forests. However, there still is a paucity of research on which trees are more vulnerable to direct damage by winds rather than being knocked down by the fall of another tree. We evaluated this question in a mixed hardwood-softwood forest within the Big Thicket National Preserve (BTNP) of southeast Texas, USA, which was substantially impacted by Hurricane Rita in September 2005. Results: We showed that multiple factors, including tree height, shade-tolerance, height-to-diameter ratio, and neighborhood density (i.e., pre-Rita stem distribution) significantly explained the susceptibility of trees to direct storm damage. We also found that no single factor had pervasive importance over the others and, instead, that all factors were tightly intertwined in a complex way, such that they often complemented each other, and that they contributed simultaneously to the overall susceptibility to and patterns of windstorm damage in the BTNP. Conclusions: Directly damaged trees greatly influence the forest by causing secondary damage to other trees. We propose that directly and indirectly damaged (or susceptible) trees should be considered separately when assessing or predicting the impact of windstorms on a forest ecosystem; to better predict the pathways of community structure reorganization and guide forest management and conservation practices. Forest managers are recommended to adopt a holistic view that considers and combines various components of the forest ecosystem when establishing strategies for mitigating the impact of catastrophic winds.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

In order to select the water flooding-tolerant trees among Korean oaks, we cultivated the sapling of 6 deciduous oak species, Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. serrata, under the water flooding treatment and the control, and analysed the growth difference among them. For comparing the growth between treatment and control, we measured 13 morphological and ecological traits, such as leaf Leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot length, stem length, stem diameter, root length, plant length, leaf weight, stem weight, root weight, plant weight. Q. serrata have no growth difference between water flooding treatment and control, but the rest 5 species showed the growth reduction in water flooding treatment. Tolerance of oak species to water flooding was risen in order of Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Thus, among Korean deciduous oaks, it is desirable to plant Q. serrata for flood plain restoration of river.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2016

Purpose: This is a study on the planning of temporary housing for post application of Mega Sports facilities. The subject of the study is 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, which is to suggest building an alternative temporary housing using shipping containers(high cube), which solve the lack of accommodations and recycle temporary housing after Olympics, save money and be eco-friendly in Olympics. Method: This study includes this ; research on the a fact-finding survey about Mega sports facilities post application and demand survey on 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics accomodations and an analysis about temporary housing plan. Furthermore we decided temporary housing building plan by analyzing residents' needs and traits of the housing etc. Through this, we made a schematic design for household units. Result: As a result, this study is a plan of making space, forms, and structure. The planned size is $38.4m^2$(L:12m, W:3.2m) except balcony, and indoor height is 2.5m. The space consists of entrance, bathroom, bedroom and living room with folding furniture system. Also there's a detailed floor plan of the ceiling, wall, and floor we drew up. The ceiling and wall consist of dampproof film, noncombustible board, fire proof urethane form, and color-designed sheet. The floor is composed of floor tile, cement mortar, light concrete(with heat coil), insulation, and dampproof film. Additionally, this study is a plan of interior dry wall with detail using modular construction method for work efficiency and quality improvement.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2009

In order to characterize the ecological traits of Quercus acutissima, Q. variabilis and Q. mongolica, which dominated in Korean mountain, we treated the sapling of the three oak species under the major environment factors (light, soil moisture and nutrient) with four gradient levels, for 8 months in glass house. Then we measured and analyzed the growth difference among them. The growth of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis were increased with higher light intensity, but there is no apparent trend in Q. mongolica for light gradients. Q. mongolica did not show high reduction of growth, even in the lowest light intensity. Q. variabilis and Q. mongolica had a constant growth state to soil moisture treatment, but only Q. acutissima grew well in higher soil moisture gradient condition. All the growth of three oak species decreased with higher nutrient gradient condition. The growth reduction was increased in order of Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima. with increased nutrient gradient level. These results means that Q. mongolica, Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis have adaptation ability to shade, high moisture and low nutrient condition, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.497-506
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• 2020

This study surveyed the altitudinal diversity and distribution of butterflies inhabiting Mt. Jirisan. Field surveys were conducted thrice (May, June, and July) using a line transect method along four routes in 2015. During the survey, a total of five families, 58 species, and 769 individuals were collected. Of the species collected, the majority belonged to the family Nymphalidae (28 species), followed by Hesperiidae (nine species), Pieridae (eight species), Lycaenidae (seven species), and Papilionidae (six species). As for the individuals, Pieridae accounted for the largest number (333 individuals), followed by Nymphalidae (309 individuals), Lycaenidae (63 individuals), Hesperiidae (33 individuals), and Papilionidae (31 individuals). A cluster analysis performed on the butterfly species distinguished three altitude zones. The butterflies showed different ecological traits in each of the altitude zones. Analysis of the altitudes of the habitats of eight dominant species revealed that each species inhabited a particular altitude. This study confirmed the hypothesis that continuous monitoring will identify changes in the altitudinal distribution and diversity of butterflies on Mt. Jirisan in response to climate change.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2021

On March 13, 2018 two postflexion larval specimens (18.28 mm and 16.80 mm in standard length) belonging to the family Cryptacanthodidae, suborder Zoarcoidei were collected from Sokcho and Gangneung in Gangwon Province. The family Cryptacanthodidae comprises 4 species worldwide: 3 in the North Pacific Ocean and 1 in the western North Atlantic Ocean. As a result of analyzing 620 bp of the mtDNA COI region, the two postflexion larvae collected in this study were identified as Cryptacanthodes bergi by 99.5% agreement with C. bergi adult registered in NCBI. Postflexion larvae of C. bergi are compressed with large eyes and radial pectoral fins and the anus located in front of the center of the body. Melanophores were intensively distributed along the dorsal midline, except for caudal peduncle, and sporadically distributed on the back of the anus. In addition, there were limited star-like melanophores on the back of the gut. This species showed 0.058 genetic distance when compared mtDNA COI region of C. aleutensis, and it was well distinguished in the distribution pattern of black vesicles of the head, count and measurement traits. Considering the morphological and ecological characteristics of this species, we suggest a new Korean name, " Gwisin-jang-gaeng-i ".

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.298-308
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• 2020

Genetic diversity among Thaumatococcus daniellii populations in the southwestern region of Nigeria were assessed using morphometric and molecular markers to determine the population structure and existing genetic relationship for its improvement, conservation and sustainable utilisation. Populations from five locations in each of the six states were used for the study. Morphometric data were collected on folia characters and analysed for variability. Genome DNA was isolated from the plant leaf and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) to determine the allelic polymorphism, marker effectiveness and genetic relationship of the population. The results showed significant variations in petiole length and leaf dimensions of the populations within and across the states. These morphometric traits are the major parameters that delimit the populations and they correlated significantly at P≤0.05. Analysis of the electrophoregram showed that the ISSR markers are effective for the diversity study. A total of 136 loci were amplified with an average of 7.16 loci per marker, 63.2% of the loci were polymorphic. The Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed that seven factors accounted for 81.6% of the variation and the dendrogram separated the populations into two major groups at a genetic distance of 10 (about 90% similarity) with sub-groups and clusters. Most populations within the state had a high degree of similarity, nonetheless, strong genetic relationship exists among populations from different states. The close relationship between populations across the states suggests a common progenitor, which are likely separated by ecological or geographical isolation mechanisms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Fusarium culmorum is one of the most important causal agents of root rot of wheat. In this study, 10 F. culmorum isolates were collected from farms located in five agro-ecological regions of Morocco. These were used to challenge 20 durum wheat genotypes via artificial inoculation of plant roots under controlled conditions. The isolate virulence was determined by three traits (roots browning index, stem browning index, and severity of root rot). An alpha-lattice design with three replicates was used, and the resulting ANOVA revealed a significant (P < 0.01) effect of isolate (I), genotype (G), and G × I interaction. A total of four response types were observed (R, MR, MS, and S) revealing that different genes in both the pathogen and the host were activated in 53% of interactions. Most genotypes were susceptible to eight or more isolates, while the Moroccan cultivar Marouan was reported resistant to three isolates and moderately resistant to three others. Similarly, the Australian breeding line SSD1479-117 was reported resistant to two isolates and moderately resistant to four others. The ICARDA elites Icaverve, Berghisyr, Berghisyr2, Amina, and Icaverve2 were identified as moderately resistant. Principal component analysis based on the genotypes responses defined two major clusters and two sub-clusters for the 10 F. culmorum isolates. Isolate Fc9 collected in Khemis Zemamra was the most virulent while isolate Fc3 collected in Haj-Kaddour was the least virulent. This work provides initial results for the discovery of differential reactions between the durum lines and isolates and the identification of novel sources of resistance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.749-758
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• 2023

An understanding of safety problems pursuant to environmental release of GM (Genetically Modified) crops is considered important. Among the recognized safety problems, the possibilities of weediness and ecosystem invasion are constantly being validated. We herein compared the growth characteristics and germination rate of soybeans formed by hybridization with vitamin A-enhanced soybeans carrying an introduced gene that increases β-carotene content. We also examined overwintering, survival, and weed competitiveness to evaluate hybrid ecological impact on long-term unmanaged cultivatable land. These studies revealed that the hybrid soybeans exhibited intermediate growth characteristics and germination rate compared with the vitamin A-enhanced soybeans and wild soybeans, or exhibited traits similar to those of the maternal strain. Overwintering experiments were conducted by planting seeds at depths of 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm and recovering them after three or five months. After five months, all seeds at depths more than 5 cm lost viability. Among seeds recovered after three months, only wild soybeans retained viability at depths of more than 5 cm. Survival and weed competitiveness were assessed by sowing each type of seed and performing no irrigation, or pest or weed control. Quantitative assessment of numbers of individual soybean plants that appeared in the experimental plot revealed that all plants germinated after sowing, but only wild type plants survived overwintering. These studies suggest that both GM soybeans and hybrid soybeans cannot survive in uncultivated land even if they are released into the environment, which indicates less possibility of ecosystem invasion and weediness.