Korean Journal of Agricultural Science (농업과학연구)

Institute of Agricultural Science, CNU (충남대학교 농업과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of environmental impact of vitamin A-enhanced soybeans and hybrid soybeans

  • Sung-Dug Oh (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ji Eun Choi (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ye-Jin Jang (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seong-Kon Lee (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Gang-Seob Lee (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ancheol Chang (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Doh-Won Yun (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2023.10.06
  • Accepted : 2023.11.01
  • Published : 2023.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An understanding of safety problems pursuant to environmental release of GM (Genetically Modified) crops is considered important. Among the recognized safety problems, the possibilities of weediness and ecosystem invasion are constantly being validated. We herein compared the growth characteristics and germination rate of soybeans formed by hybridization with vitamin A-enhanced soybeans carrying an introduced gene that increases β-carotene content. We also examined overwintering, survival, and weed competitiveness to evaluate hybrid ecological impact on long-term unmanaged cultivatable land. These studies revealed that the hybrid soybeans exhibited intermediate growth characteristics and germination rate compared with the vitamin A-enhanced soybeans and wild soybeans, or exhibited traits similar to those of the maternal strain. Overwintering experiments were conducted by planting seeds at depths of 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm and recovering them after three or five months. After five months, all seeds at depths more than 5 cm lost viability. Among seeds recovered after three months, only wild soybeans retained viability at depths of more than 5 cm. Survival and weed competitiveness were assessed by sowing each type of seed and performing no irrigation, or pest or weed control. Quantitative assessment of numbers of individual soybean plants that appeared in the experimental plot revealed that all plants germinated after sowing, but only wild type plants survived overwintering. These studies suggest that both GM soybeans and hybrid soybeans cannot survive in uncultivated land even if they are released into the environment, which indicates less possibility of ecosystem invasion and weediness.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 연구개발사업(과제번호: PJ016726, PJ0136803)의 지원으로 수행되었습니다.

References

  1. Bawa AS, Anilakumar KR. 2013. Genetically modified foods: Safety, risks and public concerns-a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 50:1035-1046.
  2. Cho JI, Park SH, Lee GS, Kim SM, Lim SM, Kim YS, Park SC. 2020. Current status of GM crop development and commercialization. Korean Journal of Breeding Science 52:40-48. [in Korean]
  3. Choi Y, Kim BS. 2022. Domestic environmental release of genetically modified crops: Focusing on the government-NGOs joint environmental assessment. Civil Society and NGO 20:409-443. [in Korean]
  4. Crawley MJ, Brown SL, Hails RS, Kohn DD, Ress M. 2001. Transgenic crops in natural habitats. Nature 409:682-683.
  5. Dong CM, Kim JW, Kang JH, Park JY, Kim GD, Kong HJ. 2017. Development status and safety management trends of genetically modified crops. The Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education 29:1872-1881. [in Korean]
  6. Guan ZJ, Zhang PF, Wei W, Mi XC, Kang DM, Liu B. 2015. Performance of hybrid progeny formed between genetically modified herbicide-tolerant soybean and its wild ancestor. AoB Plants 7:plv121.
  7. Hails RS, Ress M, Kohn DD, Crawley MJ. 1997. Burial and seed survival in Brassica napus subsp. oleifera and Sinapis arvensis including a comparison of transgenic and non-transgenic lines of the crop. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 264:1-7.
  8. Han SM, Kim YT, Won OJ, Choi KH, Rho YH, Park KW. 2016. The importation of genetically modified crops and its environmental impacts in Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 43:215-220. [in Korean] https://doi.org/10.7744/KJOAS.20160024
  9. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). 2010. International rules for seed testing, edition 2010. ISTA, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
  10. KBCH (Korea Biosafety Clearing House). 2021. Major statistics on genetically modified organism in 2019. KBCH Report No. 2021-01. KBCH, Daejeon, Korea. [in Korean]
  11. Kim DY, Eom MS, Kim HJ, Pack IS, Park JH, Park KW, Nam KH, Oh SD, Kim JK, Seo JS, et al. 2020. Assessing invasiveness of genetically modified soybean expressing human epidermal growth factor gene. Weed & Turfgrass Science 9:119-128. [in Korean]
  12. Kim KS, Lee YH, Jang YS, Choi IH. 2015. The cross ability and the phenotypic characteristics of F1 hybrid in the interspecific crosses between Brassica napus and B. campestris, B. rapa. Korean Journal of Plant Resources 28:119-125. [in Korean]
  13. Kim T. 2003. The regulatory framework for genetically modified agricultural products in Korea. Extension Bulletin Food and Fertilizer Technology Center 527:1-8.
  14. Ko EM, Kim DY, Kim HJ, Chung YS, Kim CG. 2016. Assessing weediness of herbicide tolerant genetically modified soybean. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 43:560-566. [in Korean] https://doi.org/10.7744/KJOAS.20160057
  15. KSVS (Korea Seed & Variety Service). 2017. Rules for seed testing. KSVS, Gimcheon, Korea. [in Korean]
  16. Lee B, Oh SD, Chang A. 2018. Influence of gene flow from GM to non-GM soybeans by the size of the pollen donor. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 45:591-600. [in Korean] https://doi.org/10.7744/KJOAS.20180078
  17. Lee SY, Kim HJ, Kim MS, Han SS. 2006. Evaluation of crossability, seed dormancy and overwintering ability in glufosinate ammonium-resistant GM rice and their hybrids with non-GM and weedy rice. Korean Journal of Crop Science 51:53-58.
  18. Lim JH, Shim MS, Oh KH, Seo JY, Lee SY, Park SK, Shin HK, Cho MR. 2014. Assessment of substantial equivalence and environmental risk for event selection of genetically modified Chrysanthemum. Horticultural Science and Technology 32:517-524. [in Korean]
  19. Oh SD, Jang YJ, Park SY, Suh SJ, Lee B. 2020. Characterization of hybrid soybean seeds between β-carotene enhanced transgenic soybean and wild Soybean. Weed & Turfgrass Science 9:129-139. [in Korean]
  20. Park SH, Cho JI, Kim YS, Kim SM, Lim SM, Lee GS, Park SC. 2018. National program for developing biotech crops in Korea. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 6:171-176.
  21. RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2012. Agricultural science technology research analysis standard 5th ed. pp. 414-430. RDA, Jeonju, Korea. [in Korean]
  22. Yook MJ, Kim DS. 2022. Natural hybridization between GM crops and relative species in the Korean ecosystem. Weed & Turfgrass Science 11:337-351. [in Korean]
  23. Zhao ZG, Hu TT, Ge XH, Du XZ, Ding L, Li ZY. 2008. Production and characterization of intergeneric somatic hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus and their backcrossing progenies. Plant Cell Reports 27:1611-1621.