• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2012

Thermal phenomena has caused abnormal weather phenomena due to the lack of urban green spaces To solve these problems, the country of recorded a city business is actively evolving trends. but in all the land, most built-up city's green buildings unless the demolition of the composition is an impossible situation, green space in urban areas, with emphasis on composition. In this study, thermal power plants that occured in the evolution of vegetation by utilizing Bottom Ash was tried to develop a lightweight block. Bottom Ash block to take advantage of vegetation is focused create green space in urban areas Vegetation in the block was carried out manufacturing lightweight, porous, lightweight water ratio suitable for three types of blocks selected according to its kind study on the manufacturing and process. Bottom Ash from this study at the time of disposal of coal ash generated by recycling the landfill shortages, loss of landfill costs, environmental pollution and are trying to solve the same problem at the same time.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1987

On the east slope of the front ranges of the Colorado Rockies, USA, three species of Populus are distributed at different elevations from the Great Plains to the timberline. At elevations 1, 720m (P. sargentii), 2, 335m (P.angustifolia) and 3, 190m (P.tremuloides) chlorophyll cotents of leaves of thses dioecious trees were determined. Total chlorophyll content was in the range of 0.86-1.56mg/g leaf, increasing with elevation as a second-degree polynomial, and the peak content was estimated to be reached at about 2, 800m. Total chlorophyll content was greater in female than in male trees in the two higher elevation species, but not in P. sargentii, the low elevation species. Chlorophyll b content was greater than chlorophyll a content in the same two higher elevation species. The increase of chlorophyll b than to increase of chlorophyll a content. These phenomena appear to be the result of adaptation of these species to different environmental conditional at different elevation. Sequential distribution of plant populations on environmental gradients in such a way that variation in given plant characters paralell the environmental gradient must occur not only in ecotypes of a species, but also in different but closely related species.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권6호
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• pp.561-564
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• 2008

소나무 재선충병은 우리나라 소나무림에 심각한 위협이 되고 있다. 소나무 재선충병은 보통 5~6월에 감염되지만 10~11월에 비로소 피해목을 육안으로 확인할 수 있어, 피해예방에 큰 어려움을 겪고 있다. 재선충에 의해 소나무가 고사되는 과정중에는 식생활력도가 크게 감소하게 되는데, 이러한 현상은 분광스펙트럼상의 근적외선 영역에서 분광반사의 감소를 수반한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 현상을 토대로 재선충 피해목의 식생활력도 변화를 식생지수 모니터링을 통하여 분석하였다. 휴대가 간편한 근적외선 카메라를 이용하여 재선충 피해지역의 소나무림을 5월부터 11월까지 매월 촬영함으로써 녹색, 적색 및 근적외선 영역대의 분광반사값을 취득하였다. 이렇게 수집된 분광반사값으로부터 피해목의 식생지수(Vegetation Index: VI)의 변화를 분석하였고, 피해목의 식생지수는 감염초기인 6월부터 감소하기 시작한다는 것을 밝힐 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

Information on the distribution characteristics of tuna resources in Kiribati EEZ waters in three zones (Zone 1: west Gilbert region, Zone 2: central Phoenix region, and Zone 3: east Line region) as well as their relationship with the ocean environment is critical for sustainable managing the migratory tuna resource and fishing practices in this region. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution and concentration of bigeye (BET) and yellowfin tuna (YFT) in Kiribati EEZ waters in relation to sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline depth so as to better understand the tuna resources management basis in Kiribati waters. The geographic and temporal distribution and concentration were first displayed. Paired t-test was utilized to compare the distribution between the two tuna species based on Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) derived from the Korean longliners during 1996 to 2004, and also among the three zones of Kiribati EEZ waters. Environmental conditions of the three zones were then compared and correlated with the CPUE of YFT and BET. In addition, the effect of ENSO phenomena on the environmental conditions and the distribution of YFT and BET within the three zones were also examined. The BET was relatively higher in the Zone 3 whereas YFT predominate in the Zone 1 and the Zone 2 due to oceanographic differences among the three zones and the ecological habitats of the two tuna species. It was suggested that El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena altered the oceanographic conditions of the three zones that in turn change the distribution of the two tuna species. During El Ni?o, the warm phase of ENSO, resulted in having more BET in all the three zones and the opposite observed during La Ni?a (cold phase) replacing by having relatively higher catch rate for YFT, particularly in the Zone 2. Although the results of the study are from short periods (1996 to 2004) in considering oceanographic anomality, these environmental variations should be considered into sustainable fisheries management of tuna fisheries in Kiribati EEZ waters.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2015

As the temperature has changed by climate change, changes in its own characteristic values of the chemical substance or the movement and distribution of chemicals take place in accordance with the changes of hydrological and meteorological phenomena. Depending on the impact of climate change on the chemical behavior, it is necessary to understand and predict quantitative changes in the dynamics of the environment of pollutants due to climate change in order to predict in advance the occurrence of environmental disasters, and minimize the impact on the life and the environment after the incident. In this study, we have analysed and compared chemical fate models validated by previous studies in terms of model configuration, application size and input/output factors. The potential models applicable to municipal and industrial areas were selected on the basis of characteristic of each model, availability of input parameters and consideration for climate change, identified the problems, and then presented an approach to improve applicability.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

Recent researches on plant factory system deal with the convergence of lighting technology, agricultural technology inclusive to the high-tech industries worldwide in order to respond to the decreasing crop harvest due to global warming and abnormal weather phenomena. However, the fundamental performance standard is not currently being introduced in the case of plants factory and its commercialization is not activated because of high initial investment and operating cost. Large portion of the initial investment and operating cost of a plant factory is ascribed to artificial light sources and thermal control facilities, therefore, innovation should be provided in order to improve the economics of the plant factory. As an alternative, new plant factory could harness solar thermal and geothermal systems for heating, cooling and ventilation. In this study, a natural light dependent multi-layer plant factory's thermal environment was analyzed with two-dimensional numerical methods to elicit efficient operation conditions for optimized internal physical environment. Depending on the supply air temperature and airflow rate introduced in the facility, the temperature changes around the crops was interpreted. Since the air supplied into the plant factory does not stay long enough, the ambient temperature predicted around the plating trays was not significantly different from that of the supplied air. However, the changes of airflow rate and air flow pattern could cause difference to the temperature around the planting trays. Increasing the amount of time of air staying around the planting trays could improve energy performance in case the thermal environment of a natural light based multi-layer plant factory is considered.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2024

The coastal dune ecosystem is one of the ecosystems under the most development pressure in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ecological location and related ecological phenomena of coastal dune plants, but related studies are lacking. Through this study, we intend to conduct research on the structure and restoration of dune plants, focusing on the coastal dunes in Jeju Island, which are affected by artificial development pressure and the continuous increase in tourists among many coastal dunes in Korea. Ecosystems of coastal sand dunes for vegetation survey in Jeju Island are selected based on naturalness and preservation. In this study, 23 major coastal dunes on Jeju Island including Udo were selected. In the coastal dunes of Jeju Island, a whole species survey and quadrat survey were carried out. The vegetation survey at study sites were conducted on May to September 2022, when the vegetation is clearly visible. At the survey site, the dune area was identified at the beginning and the plant species were recorded until no more new species appeared. Vegetation survey in the field was performed by 103 quadrat establishments and was conducted using Braun-Blanquet method. A total of 277 species appeared, and the most common species were Vitex rotundifolia and Calystegia soldanella. The frequency of both Vitex rotundifolia and Calystegia soldanella was approximately over 90%. The proportion of woody and herbaceous in all emerging species was 7.2% and 92.8%, respectively. The total number of species found in the quadrat survey was 98. As a result of classifying plant communities based on species dominance in the quadrats, it was analyzed into 30 plant communities. The plant communities that appeared with a frequency of 2 or more on the main island of Jeju were Vitex rotundifolia, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Ischaemum antephoroides, Wedelia prostrata, Elymus mollis, Calystegia soldanella, Artemisia scoparia, and Tetragonia tetragonoides. The DCCA(detrended canonical correspondence analysis) based on the vegetation and environment factor matrix showed that the height and covers of the dominant plant species explain significantly the variation and distribution of coastal sand dune species on Jeju island. Thus, we may propose a plan to restore the coastal dunes of Jeju island as helping colonization and establishment of mainly sand dune native perennials and trees, preserving native plant communities that are declining and preserving present tree strips of Pinus thunbergii, Litsea japonica, Pittosporum tobira and Vitex rotundifolia.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2007

단순 박스모델을 이용하여 $2005\sim2006$년 마산만의 담수 유량, 염분, 영양염, COD등 물질 수지를 산정하였다. 담수수지 계산 결과 계절별로 $307.4\times10^3\sim1,210\times10^3m^3/day$로 이 시기에는 5 월이 가장 높았다. 하천과 생활하수에 의한 DIP과 DIN의 유입flux는 각각 $410.8\sim795.7kg/day$ 및 $4081.4\sim6525.3kg/day$ 범위로 마산만 내부에서 질소의 축적이 예상된다. 순 기초생산(net primary production)은 연 평균 $0.028mol/m^2/day$로 $14.4\sim517.8mgC/m^2/day$의 범위로 분포하였으며, 평균 $330.7mgC/m^2/day$ 였다. 해저 퇴적물로부터의 영양염 공급을 100% 제거할 경우 COD 농도는 2.79mg/L 에서 2.20mg/L로 감소하여 COD의 21.0%의 제거 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2016

We describe here the mass death of predatory carp, Chanodichthys erythropterus, in Korea induced by plerocercoid larvae of Ligula intestinalis as a result of host manipulation. The carcasses of fish with ligulid larvae were first found in the river-edge areas of Chilgok-bo in Nakdong-gang (River), Korea at early February 2016. This ecological phenomena also occurred in the adjacent areas of 3 dams of Nakdong-gang, i.e., Gangjeong-bo, Dalseong-bo, and Hapcheon-Changnyeong-bo. Total 1,173 fish carcasses were collected from the 4 regions. To examine the cause of death, we captured 10 wondering carp in the river-edge areas of Hapcheon-Changnyeong-bo with a landing net. They were 24.0-28.5 cm in length and 147-257 g in weight, and had 2-11 plerocercoid larvae in the abdominal cavity. Their digestive organs were slender and empty, and reproductive organs were not observed at all. The plerocercoid larvae occupied almost all spaces of the abdominal cavity under the air bladders. The proportion of larvae per fish was 14.6-32.1% of body weight. The larvae were ivory-white, 21.5-63.0 cm long, and 6.0-13.8 g in weight. We suggest that the preference for the river-edge in infected fish during winter is a modified behavioral response by host manipulation of the tapeworm larvae. The life cycle of this tapeworm seems to be successfully continued as the infected fish can be easily eaten by avian definitive hosts.