• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1997

The development of stream ecology, especially the progress of that field in North America, has been briefly reviewed, and stream studies in Korea were analyzed through literature survey. During the last two decades, theoretical advances in stream ecology and understanding of the structure and function of stream ecosystem were made from the studies mainly in North America. Early studies (1960-1970) focused on determination of the environmental factors controlling the distribution and abundance of organisms dwelling in streams. Introduction of conceptual development, such as the functional feeding concept, river continuum concept, and nutrient spiraling was notable in the late 70's and the 80's. For last 20 years, experimentation approaches to apply ecological principles were very fruitful in the understanding of community structure. Even though studies on the stream ecosystem is Korea have a long history, most of works were concentrated on limited subjects: water quality, abundance and distribution of aquatic insects and fishes. Basic ecological attributes of stream organi는 and test of ecological principles have rarely been a subject of research topics. We must concentrate our effort to enhance our understanding of stream and river ecosystem through qualitative, experimental and interdisciplinary approaches.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 1994

Object of this study is to suggest the plan for natural vegetation restoration and management by ecological approach. The concept of biotope planting technique was introduced in order to restore the natural vegetation in the northern part of Mt. Nam in Seoul, and Quercus mongolica forests was surveyed so as to obtain the basic data. This study focused on the vegetational context between northern part of Mt. Nam and develop-reserved site. The results are following ; 1. It is suitable to plant 25~30 trees in $100\m^2$ with trees of DBH 10cm and below at intervals of about 2m in canopy layer. In the case of subtree layer of DBH 2cm, about 30 trees were planted at an Intervals of 1.5~2m around in $100\m^2$. 2. In the last step of nature vegetation restoration, it is desiable that canopy density is $5/100\m^2$ and 녀btree one is 10~20/$100\m^2$. 3. Management plans was proposed to use the native species of Mt. Nam around and to investigate the ecological situation once a year such as species introduce, dead-tree, soil, fauna etc.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2004

In recent years, the objective information for the environmental effect of architecture will be furnished to the designer and inhabitant in order to minimize an excessive energy consumption and environmental loads by buildings. In addition, an environmental friendly architectural certification program for a residence, office, and school facilities have been operated to spread and supply environmental friendly architecture. Most of the environmental friendly architectural certification programs proposed in the country are focused on the aspect of the physical environments of architecture in its certification ranges. In the case of a foreign country, however, the certification ranges of an environmental friendly architectural certification program for the school facilities among the programs will be extended not only to the standards for architectural design, environmental aspect, and maintaining and management basis by considering the characteristics of educational effects for students but also to the curriculum, policy of environment, and roles of local community facilities by reflecting a social aspect. Therefore, this study proposes a design and evaluation method by considering an ecological element that will satisfy the requirement for educational well-being that includes not only the requirement for school facilities according to the development of a new curriculum like a space for teaching and learning but also the improvement of the quality of educational environments and the objective of an ecological school.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.317-325
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• 2022

Endophytic fungi occupy various ecological niches, which reinforces their diversity. As few studies have investigated the endophytic fungi of alpine conifers, we focused on four species of alpine conifers in this study-Abies nephrolepis, Pinus pumila, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, and Thuja koraiensis-and examined them for endophytic fungi. A total of 108 endophytic fungi were isolated. There were four taxa in A. nephrolepis, 12 in P. pumila, 18 in T. cuspidata var. nana, and 17 in T. koraiensis; these were divided into five classes: Agaricomycetes (3.2%), Dothideomycetes (29.0%), Leotiomycetes (15.0%), Sordariomycetes (41.9%), and Orbiliomycetes (1.6%). The most prevalent fungi were Sydowia polyspora (22.7%) and Xylariaceae sp. (22.7%) in P. pumila, Phomopsis juglandina (16.1%) in T. cuspidate var. nana, and Thuja-endophytes sp. 1 (70.0%) in T. koraiensis. However, there was no dominant species growing in A. nephrolepis. Some host plants were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. We obtained 4618 reads for A. nephrolepis and 2268 reads for T. koraiensis. At the genus level, the top three endophytic fungi were Ophiostomataceae_uc (64.6%), Nectriaceae_uc (15.5%), and unclassified organism (18.0%) in A. nephrolepis and Nectriaceae_uc (41.9%), Ophiostomataceae_uc (41.8%), and Magnaporthaceae_uc (9.2%) in T. koraiensis. Our results show that there are different communities of endophytic fungi among different host plants, even if the host plants are in the same region. Such ecological niches are important in terms of the ecological restoration of alpine conifers.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to seek a planning approach for children's museum within Korean context that promotes community participation. A literature review method and a field survey method were used. Literature reviews on community participation paradigm, residents' participation and donation networks in community regeneration processes, and finally on case studies on children's museum in Korea were carried out. Through the field survey on Chicago Children's Museum(CCM) located in downtown Chicago, its role was identified as networking systems of community participation and donation and was verified as a socio-physical base for vitalizing donation culture that is an active and a leading community participation method. As a result, CCM has engaged many partnerships with city organizations and local schools to provide diverse and unique programs that are not only targeted to children but also parents, teachers and visitors. Also, an evolution of CCM through various types of donations and community participation was delineated. CCM was found successfully in restoring community spirit and vitalizing economical growth where it once was a decayed city area. Rather than focusing on descriptive technique of typical children's museum, this study explored how community fabric is made and acted out, through rethinking community participation's value, and how it can influence a physical space. CCM, as a good example of community participatory museum, the results can be used as a reference in planning and directing community participation based children's museums in Korea. It is significant to shed light on children's museum as an opportunity of social space which can empower community.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.157-169
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecological characteristics and vegetation structures of Eurya japonica in Busan. As a result of the TWINSPAN and DCA analysis, 89 plots of 100㎡ each were divided into 3 communities: Quercus serrata-Pinus densiflora-E. japonica community, Pinus thunbergii-E. japonica community, and P. thunbergii-Camellia japonica community. Community I consisted of the Quercus serrata-Pinus densiflora-E. japonica which was mainly located in the high altitude inland. While Q. serrata and P. densiflora competed in the tree layer, the dominant species of the understory layer was E. japonica. Since Carpinus tschonoskii, one of the climax species, was distributed evenly from shrub to tree layers, it was likely that deciduous oak trees or Carpinus tschonoskii would become dominant species in community I. In community I, E. japonica was found in higher altitude than the other evergreen broad-leaved tree and was expected to maintain their tree vigor even if the vegetation structure is converted into the deciduous forest. Community II, the P. thunbergii-E. japonica community, was predicted to maintain its tree vigor unless there were unexpected disturbance factors. Community III, consisting of P. thunbergii-C. japonica and located in Dongbaek Island, was under artificial management. In community III, P. thunbergii was the only species in the tree layer, while C. japonica was predominant in the understory layer. E. japonica and various evergreen broad-leaved tree species were present in the understory layer and shrub layer, which were unmanaged areas. Therefore, it is expected that unless C. japonica is continuously managed, E. japonica is likely to become the dominant species. There were also various evergreen broad-leaved species, such as Machilus thunbergii and Pittosporum tobira, present in the shrub layer. If the temperature continues to rise, the habitat is expected to become evergreen broad-leaved forests in the future as P. thunbergii community declines. The result of Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis of E. japonica and species appearing in 89 plots showed that 9 species were had a statistically significant relationship (p<0.05). Four species, including P. tobira and Q. dentata, had a positive correlation. Five species had a negative correlation, and C. japonica, which had the same ecological position as E. japonica, showed the most negative correlation at -0.384.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.149-163
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• 1990

Two distinct spider communities were studied in the crowns and ground surfaces of pine plantations at Mt. Ungilsan, Kyonggi-do using pitfall traps and knock-down by spraying of an insecticide (D.D.V.P.) to sample spiders. There were 34 species of 11 families in the ground community and 41 species of 15 families in the crown community, with only 9 species being collected in both. Wandering spiders comprised 78.5% of the crown community and 90.8% of the ground community. Guild abundance and the most abundant families were distinctly different in the two habitats: agile hunters (Salticidae:32.4%) and nocturnal hunters (Clubionidae:19%) in the crown, runners (Lycocidae:32.8%) and nocturnal hunters (Gnaphosidae:31.2%) in the ground. Dominant species were Clubiona jucunda (Karsch) and Mymarachne japonica (Karsch) in the crown, while in the ground they were Pardosa laura Karsch and Gnaphosa silvicola. Species diversity(H ) had peaks in May, July and November in the ground community, while in the crown community peaks were in June and September. The seasonal trends of species diversity (H ) were due mainly to differences in the number of species and the numbers of individuals collected at each sample date rather than to differences in equitability among species. Spier guilds and dominant species have different seasonal patterns based on the temporal differences in prey availability in the two communities and the reduction of temporal overlap.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.270-282
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• 1997

This investgation was performed to provide basic data for the management program of the Soraksan national park. Sixty plots were set up and surveyed in the Sinhungsa-Wasondae Area. The vegetation was divided into two communities, Pinus densiflora community and Quercus serrata community, according to the analysis of DCA ordination. It was found out that the succession of the Pinus densiflora comunity would proceed to Quercus serrata community of which components was dominant in understory layer and shrub layer. And it was found out that in the Quercus serrata community the Pinus densiflora being mainly big size in DBH would becomr dominant comtinuously. Shannon's diversity of both community were 1.2554 and 1.1134 respectively. The numbers of woody species per 100m$^{2}$ ranged 7 to 26, and the average number of woody species was 13.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.31-41
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• 2014

This study aims to POE(Post-Occupancy Evaluation) analyze the characteristics of residents and their demands on community facilities by types of supplying housing, which can be the basis for making the housing regulations. The following five types of housing are considered in this study ; 1) National Rental Housing(L), 2) Public Rental Housing(L), 3) Permanent Rental Housing(S), 4) Public Rental Housing(S), 5) Private Rental Housing. We surveyed 527 residents from 20 housing complexes in those four housing types. First, each housing type has different household characteristics. Second, the criteria for housing selection are different. Third, local community activities and satisfaction are different in each housing type. Lastly, residents are generally satisfied with service facilities, but their satisfaction level and the facilities they need are different depending on housing type, accordingly. The housing community space plan be should be improved to the amount of areas of community facilities.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization in Korea urban environmental problems such as changes in climate and shortage in green spaces and social problems such as lacks of interactions with neighbors have occurred and community garden appeared as one means to solve such problems. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively identify the evaluation items to measure the effect of community gardens. This study comprehensively researched the evaluation items through literature studies of domestic and overseas documents and verified their contents through case studies of domestic site. As a result of this study, a total of 39 measurement items for evaluation was identified and these items were divided into five large categories of "eco-environmental effect," "production and economic effect," "physical effect," "psychological effect," and "social effect" and these categories could be subdivided into 12 types. This study can be used as references for positively introducing the community gardens in Korea and has a meaning that it can be developed as an analyzing tool for measuring the concrete effects of community gardens when they are introduced in Korea in large numbers hereafter.