• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2021

For the past half century, the Journal of the Korean Landscape Architecture has been leading the landscape architecture research and industry inclusively. In this study, abstracts of 1,802 articles were collected and analyzed with topic modeling and network analysis method. As a result of this paper, a total of 27 types of subjects were identified. Health and healing in the field of environmental psychology, garden and aesthetics, participation and community, modernity, place and placenness, microclimate, tourism and social equity also have been continued as important research area in this journal. Modernity, community and urban regeneration is hot topics and ecological landscape related topics were cold topics. Although there was a difference by subject, the variability of the research subjects appeared after the 2000s. In Network analysis, it shows that 'Park' is a representative keyword that can symbolize the journal, and 'landscape' is also important a leading area of the journal. Looking at the overall structure of the network, it can be seen that the journal conducts research on 'utilizing', 'using', and creating 'park', 'landscape', and 'space'. This study is meaningful in that it grasped the overall research trend of the journal by using topic modeling and network analysis of text mining.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.687-706
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• 2018

Organic agriculture is well known to be not only affecting the physical and chemical status of the soil but also closely connected to the biodiversity through complex community structure and ecological interactions. Current study monitored and analyzed the invertebrate biodiversity of organic and conventional paddy fields and upland fields from April, 2017 to August, 2017. Total of 680 species (with 14,371 individuals) were confirmed - more number of species were identified at the organic agriculture practicing fields. According to the various indices analysis, organic paddy field showed about 40% higher diversity index, while organic upland field showed about 10% higher diversity index. Richness index at organic paddy field was 60% higher compared to conventional paddy field, while organic upland field showed 40% higher value. Dominance and evenness index at conventional agriculture practicing fields were low, which possibly indicate at least partial dominance phenomenon. Hemipteran, dipteran and aranean species showed highest diversity in all fields, while dipteran, hemipteran, aranean and coleopteran species had highest diversity in conventional agriculture practicing fields.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2019

Majangcheon is a small agricultural stream which is located in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do. To understand ecological characteristics of Majangcheon as biological habitats, we surveyed its physical environment and fishes from June 2016 to September 2016. The altitudinal difference between lowest and highest point of the stream was 3 meters and the first-order stream under a map drawn on a scale of 1:25,000. The flow rate of stream was slow in overall with $0.09-0.48m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. More than 50% of clay were found in all points except for the point St. 3 in the riverbed structure surveyed. A total of 2,532 individuals of 22 species in nine families were collected from Majangcheon. Of them, stillwater-living species (Acheilognathinae and Carassius auratus) and floating species (Zacco platypus and Oryzias sinensis) were mainly collected. In Majangcheon, thus, both of stillwater-living and floating fishes were specifically coexisted. The correspondence analysis, based on fishes collected from Majangcheon and past research, showed that Majangcheon is closer to the flat streams in Gyeonggi-do rather than the mountainous streams in Gangwon-do but it appeared as an independent group from those of two regions. As a result, Majangcheon is a stream with specificity of fish community.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.626-637
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• 2018

In this study, a series of survey were conducted to identify the distribution patterns of macrobenthos at the Bongam sand tidal flat in Masan Bay. We collected macrobenthos at 9 sampling sites twice in June and September of every year from 2012 to 2017 using a box core sampler (collecting area, $0.025m^2$). There was a total of 50 species with a community density of $6,388ind.m^{-2}$ and a biomass of $313.9g\;wet\;m^{-2}$ during the study period. Polychaetes had the highest number of species and density among the macrofauna, but the mollusks had the largest biomass. The number of species ranged from 10 to 25 during study period but increased to over 20 species in 2014. The density which ranged from $1,508ind.m^{-2}$ to $12,008ind.m^{-2}$ rapidly increased in 2015. The dominant species were all polychaetes such as Heteromastus filiformis, Prionospio japonicus, Hediste diadroma, and Neanthes succinea. The mean diversity index ranged from 1.2 to 1.9, richness index from 1.2 to 2.4, and evenness index from 0.5 to 0.9. From the cluster analysis results, there was a spatial difference in the similarity of faunal composition of macrobenthos and this pattern was maintained throughout the study period, that is, the temporal similarities were higher than the spatial similarities. There was a change in community composition from June 2014 to June 2015 in most of the sampling sites. During this time, the dominant species also changed from H. filiformis and N. succinea to H. filiformis and H. diadroma. The density of opportunistic species such as Capitella capitata and Polydora ligni decreased compared to the early 2000s while the population of H. diadroma increased from 2015. There was little ecological information on H. diadroma such as when and where this species occurred.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.426-433
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• 2019

Objectives: Zooplankton communities play important roles in aquatic ecosystems as secondary producers that graze on phytoplankton and in turn are preyed upon by planktivorous and juvenile fish. They can shift their distribution, species composition, and abundance in response to environmental changes. Therefore zooplankton communities are important for understanding the energy flow in aquatic ecosystems and can be valuable indicators of environmental conditions. However, zooplankton in streams are still not well-studied, especially in northern Gyeonggi-do Province. This study aims to investigate the zooplankton communities in major streams in northern Gyeonggi-do Province. Methods: Zooplankton is important in the nutrient cycle and energy flow of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, we surveyed zooplankton and measured temperature, DO, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, and Chl-a in major streams (Sincheon, Gongneungcheon, Wangsukcheon, and Gapyeongcheon Streams) and stagnant water (Gomoji Reservoir). Results: The water quality in Gapyeongcheon Stream was the highest grade, while that of Gomoji Reservoir was mesoeutrophic and eutrophic during the research period. In the zooplankton community, Nauplius, Rotaria, and Monostyla spp. were dominant in Sincheon, Gongneungcheon, and Wangsukcheon Streams, and the dominance index was also high. In the case of Gapyeongcheon Stream, it was found that water quality and aquatic ecosystem health were good, and the lowest dominance index reflected this. In Gomoji Reservoir, Polyarthra spp., Nauplius, and Bosmina longirostris, which can be easily observed as eutrophication progresses, showed a high dominance rate. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the progress of eutrophication in further research. Conclusions: We collected data on the zooplankton communities in streams and investigated their characteristics. As a result, specific species were found to be dominant at each survey sites and some of them are known to be observed as eutrophication progresses. Therefore, we should investigate the zooplankton community of streams around us and apply ecological stream management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

In school facilities, space is the basic framework. The structure and arrangement of space will provide the form and feel of school facilities. In order to become a high-quality school facility, it is necessary to focus on the educational, human and ecological aspects of the instructor and learner until the space is conceived, designed and completed. However, even when public education was introduced in the past, it did not become a school space considering this aspect. The school space, which focuses on efficiency and labor production, is a school space that reflects the characteristics of a factory-type school, which has been occupied by a large number until recently. Although efforts to improve the quality of school facilities have been attempted in recent years, there is also a need to pursue more active changes. Future-oriented and progressive school spaces include flexibility, connectivity, individualization, diversity(creativity). In other words, space should be flexible so that it can be used faithfully according to the educational situation, not the fixed and limited school space as in the past. In the future, the school space should be open and securely linked to the place where it is essential to complete community relations with the community. In addition, space should be flexible so that the school can meet the needs of each student as much as possible. And the school space should be transformed from the space design of the past fixed pattern to reflect the close relationship between spatial, psychological, physiological, and behavioral areas. When school space needs to shift away from the past and change in a new future-oriented direction, the remaining tasks should be presented with specific characteristics and content of the direction. And the function of the consignment should be handled by related research. Although the text of this study reveals the characteristics of future-oriented school space, more concrete and empirical research results should be presented by subsequent research at home and abroad. It is necessary to reduce trial and error in creating a future-oriented school space where both professors and learners can be satisfied by analyzing the common points and differences between the results of the study. In order to do this, it is necessary to make efforts to approach such research based on the participation of the subjects who teach and learn directly at the school site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.565-576
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• 2011

This study was conducted to describe forest stand characteristics of the habitats of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum population from the ecological analysis of classification of vegetation types, importance values, species diversity, interspecific association and community similarity in Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambaek, in which investigated by 48 plots ($10m{\times}10m$). The vegetation studied was classified into 1 community group, 2 communities, 2 groups and 3 subgroups for a species unit and divided by 5 units for a vegetation unit. In the Fagus engleriana group (vegetation unit 1, 2 and 3), importance value of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum in herb layer showed relatively higher value than other units. Importance value of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum in herb layer had higher value. In the analysis of interspecific association, most of the species associated positively to A. victorialis var. platyphyllum belonged to habitat features of valley area and sub-alpine zone. Therefore, it was considered that the growing environment of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum population was closely correlated to soil moisture and air humidity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.72-86
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify structural characteristics of the evergreen broad-leaved forests distributed in Hak-dong, Geojae island. For a survey, 52 sites were set up in areas with changes in the vegetation community or location environment where Cinnamomum yabunikkei, Neolitsea sericea, and Machilus thunbergii dominated or appeared in the canopy, sub-canopy, or shrub layer. The community classification with TWINSPAN identified the following communities: N. sericea-C. yabunikkei, C. yabunikkei-Camellia japonica, Ca. japonica, Quercus variabilis-Ca. japonica, Pinus thunbergii-Ca. japonica, Castanopsis sieboldii, P. thunbergii, and Platycarya strobilacea-Mallotus japonicus. Considering the result of the study that succession series of warm-temperate forest reflecting the latent natural vegetation is the transition of conifers and deciduous broad-leaved forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest, the communities predominated by the communities predominated by the communities predominated by P. thunbergii, Q. variabilis, and Pl. strobilacea are likely to transform into the evergreen forest predominated by N. sericea and C. yabunikkei. The sites where C. yabunikkei, N. sericea, and Castanopsis sieboldii are dominant in the canopy and sub-canopy layers are likely to maintain the status quo if there is no artificial disturbance. The relationship between the impact of the environmental factors and the vegetation distribution showed silt among the physical properties of the soil directly or indirectly affected it, which was judged to be due to the fact that it was located on a steep slope. The soil acidity (pH) was 5-5.84, electrical conductivity 0.047-0.139 dS/m, and organic matter content was 3.32-12.06%. Although there were differences by the colony, they were generally low.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

Macrofauna and community structure were investigated seasonally at five sites in subtidal zone of Uljin on the east coast of Korea from March 2010 to February 2013. A total of 146 species were collected and identified, including 67 molluscs, 27 arthropods, and 8,688 individuals, including 6,468 arthropods, 1,098 molluscs and 584 echinoderms. In the seasonal investigation, summer has been the highest in 96 species and 2,525 number of individuals. Site 4 was the highest species but number of individuals were the lowest (81 species with 1,377 number of individuals), whereas site 3 was the lowest species and number of individuals were the highest (45 Species with 2,213 number of individuals). These result indicate that Balanus species affected to richness and the other side a gastropod influence by diversity and evenness. And site 3 seems to be good habitate environment for Balanus as the result of 83.4% of Balanus rather than other sites.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.127-142
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• 2024

This study aimed to understand the interrelationships between tree species in plant communities through Plant Social Network (PSN) analysis using a large amount of vegetation data surveyed in an island area belonging to a warm-temperate boreal forest. The Machilus thunbergii, Castanopsis sieboldii, and Ligustrum japonicum, which belong to the canopy layer, Pittosporum tobira and Ardisia japonica, which belong to the shrub layer and Trachelospermum asiaticum and Stauntonia hexaphylla, which belong to the vines, appearing in evergreen broad-leaved climax forest community, showed strong positive association(+) with each other. These tree species had a negative association or no friendly relationship with deciduous broad-leaved species due to the large difference in location environments. Divided into 4 group modularizations in the PSN sociogram, evergreen broad-leaved tree species in Group I and deciduous broad-leaved tree species in Group II showed high centrality and connectivity. It was analyzed that the arrangement of tree species (nodes) and the degree of connection (grouping) of the sociogram can indirectly estimate environmental factors and characteristics of plant communities like DCA. Tree species with high centrality and influence in the PSN included T. asiaticum, Eurya japonica, Lindera obtusiloba, and Styrax japonicus. These tree species are common with a wide range of ecological niches and appear to have the characteristics and survival strategies of opportunistic species that commonly appear in forest gaps and damaged areas. They will play a major role in inter-species interactions and structural and functional changes in plant communities. In the future, long-term research and in-depth discussions are needed to determine how these species actually influence plant community changes through interactions