• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2013

Eco-friendly and health-functional clothing is now becoming the target of the worldwide hot trends. The purpose of this study is to develop an eco-friendly textiles to decrease environmental pollution and to be harmless for human health by investigating how the natural chorangak liquid treatment affects the changes of mechanical properties and the hand of silk fabrics according to different treatment conditions. Treatment was varied with various temperatures ($85^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $95^{\circ}C$) for 90 seconds after degumming. The results were as follows: 1) The natural chorangak liquid is the most effective at the ratio of glacial acid 200ml with eggshell 20g minimizing the time limit and sludge reduction. Its treatment of silk fabrics is optimized at $90^{\circ}C$ for 90 seconds with 25% conc. after degumming when considering tenacity and elongation. 2) After the treatment, tenacity and elongation of specimen are increased compared with those of degummed silk fabrics. 3) After analyzing the effect of the treatment on the characteristic values of basic mechanical properties of silk fabrics, mechanical properties (tensile, bending, shearing, compression, surface) are overall improved. The properties of thickness and weight are increased as well. 4) Based on the clear analysis on effects of the treatment on the mechanical properties and the hand of silk fabrics, the level of THV was enhanced from good to excellent. Therefore, chorangak liquid can be utilized satisfactorily as a new finishing agent for developing eco-friendly textiles.

• Composites Research
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.456-462
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• 2022

천연섬유는 가연성이 높아 난연화가 쉽지않으며, 친환경적인 특성을 활용하기 위해서는 친환경적으로 난연화시키는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 자연으로부터 유래한 난연 후보물질인 Phytic acid, APTES, Thiourea를 기반으로 하는 액상 난연제를 제조하고 대나무 섬유의 난연처리 및 난연성 평가를 통하여 그 성능을 입증하고자 하였다. 액상 난연제를 사용할 경우 대량의 천연섬유에 대한 난연처리가 가능하다. 다구찌 시험계획법에 따라 9종류의 난연처리된 대나무 섬유를 준비하였다. 그후 난연성 평가를 위하여 수직 연소시험 및 마이크로칼로리미터 시험을 수행하였으며, SEM을 이용하여 난연처리 전후의 천연섬유 표면을 비교하였다. 시험결과 Phytic acid가 천연섬유의 난연성 향상에 매우 큰 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었으며 미세구조 분석을 통하여 난연제가 천연섬유 표면에 균일하게 부착되는데 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구성과를 활용할 경우 대량의 천연섬유를 친환경적인 방법으로 고난연화 하는 것이 가능하여 시제품 적용에 유리할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2024

Silage inoculants, crucial in modern silage production, comprise beneficial microorganisms, primarily lactic acid bacteria (LAB), strategically applied to forage material during ensiling. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various inoculants produced by different companies. Five treatments were evaluated, including a control group: T1 (Lactobacillus plantarum), T2 (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus pentosaceus), T3 (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus pentosaceus + Lactobacillus buchneri), T4 (Lactobacillus plantarum + Lactobacillus acidophilus + Lactobacillus bulgaricus), and T5 (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus pentosaceus + Enterococcus faecium). Italian ryegrass was harvested at the heading stage and treated with these silage inoculants. Samples were collected over a 60-day ensiling period. Co-inoculation with L. plantarum and P. pentosaceus (T2) resulted in significantly higher CP compared to the control group co-inoculation exhibited with resulted in Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus in the T2 treatment exhibited higher CP content of 106.35 g/kg dry matter (DM). The T3 treatment, which included heterofermentative bacterial strains such as Lactobacillus buchneri, exhibited an increase in acetic acid concentration (11.15 g/kg DM). In the T4 treatment group, which utilized a mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, the NH₃-N/TN content was observed to be the lowest (20.52 g/kg DM). The T5 containing Enterococcus faecium had the highest RFV (123) after 60 days. Expanding upon these findings, the study underscores not only the beneficial effects of particular inoculant treatments on silage quality but also underscores the potential of customized inoculation strategies in maximizing nutrient retention and overall silage preservation.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2014

In the present study, we successfully developed an eco-friendly chemical etching solution and proper condition for plating on ABS material. The mechanism of forming Ni plating layer on ABS substrate is known as following. In general, the etching solution used for the etching process is a solution of chromic acid and sulfuric acid. The etching solution is given to the surface resulting in elution of butadiene group, so-called anchor effect. Such a rough surface can easily adsorb catalyst resulting in the increase of adhesion between ABS substrate and Ni plating layer. However a use of chromic acid is harmful to environment. It is, therefore, essential to develop a new alternative solution. In the present study, we proposed an eco-friendly etching solution composed of potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. This solution was testified to observe the surface microstructure and the pore size of electrical Ni plating layer, and the adhesive correlation between deposited layers fabricated by electro Ni plating was confirmed. The result of the present study, the newly developed, eco-friendly etching solution, which is a mixture of potassium permanganate 25 g/L, sulfuric acid 650ml/L and phosphoric acid 250ml/L, has a similar etching effect and adhesion property, compared with the commercially used chromium acid solution in the condition at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 min.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2012

To prepare the eco-friendly fire retardant wood, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were treated with inorganic chemicals, such as sodium silicate, boric acid, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium borate. Different combination and concentration of those chemicals were impregnated by vacuum/pressure treatment methods. The electron-beam treatment was used to increase the chemical penetration into the wood. The fire performance of the fire retardant treated wood was investigated. The penetration of chemicals into the wood was enhanced after electron beam treatment. Ignition time of the treated wood was the most effectively retarded by sodium silicate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium borate. The most effective chemical combination was found at 50% sodium silicate and 3% ammonium borate, which satisfied flammability criteria for a fire retardant material in the KS F ISO 5660-1 standards.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

The antimicrobial activity of acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from leaves, stems, immature green fruits, and red fruits of tomato plants was examined against six phytopathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents. Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves was therefore selected as a source of antimicrobial substances. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani. Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens. Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment. The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS. These two compounds were used to treat six phytopathogens to confirm their antimicrobial activities. Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani, while caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates.

• 생태와환경
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.176-186
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• 2016

For several decades, lactic acid bacterium (Lactobacillus graminis: LAB) has been generally recognized as safe. To develop the pan-environmental bio-control agent, algicidal activity of the live LAB cell and its culture filtrate (CF) was examined against Microcystis aeruginosa. LAB cells perfectly lysed M. aeruginosa within 3 days, while the CF had a less effect than the live cells, approximately 78% inhibition of algal growth during a same culture period. The concentration of microcystin in alone culture of M. aeruginosa was $7.1{\mu}gL^{-1}$, but gradually increased and leach $158.5{\mu}gL^{-1}$ on 10 days. However, LAB cells clearly decreased the microcystin by $10.3{\mu}gL^{-1}$ in the same period, approximately 93.5%. CF of LAB showed a strong algicidal activity over 75% between pH 2-7, 91.3% by the treatment of proteinase K, 87.8% by below 3 kDa in particle size, and 75.3% by heat treatment, respectively. Of five solvents, fractions of CF passed through solvents diethyl ether and ethyl acetate showed an obvious algicidal activity in the algal-lawn test. Among 5 fractions purified by silica-gel TLC plate, two spots showed a most strong removal activity on M. aeruginosa. Another analysis of GC indicate that CF contained six representative fatty acids. Even though most of these substance have been known as an anti-algal substance against M. aeruginosa, oleic acid is the most effective. These results suggested that the culture filtrate or specific substances, like a fatty acids, in comparison with live L. graminis can be a successful and eco-friendly agent to control Microcystis bloom.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 구연산 처리를 통하여 폐흑연의 Li, F 등의 불순물을 제거하였으며, 이에 따른 재생 흑연의 구조적 특성, 용량 및 내구성 변화를 관찰하였다. 질소 분위기에서 전처리를 진행한 재생 흑연은 구연산에서 산처리를 진행하였고 SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)를 통해 구조와 특성 분석을 진행하였다. 산처리를 진행하지 않은 폐흑연은 70 사이클 이전에서 용량이 급격하게 감소하였으나 구연산 처리를 진행한 흑연은 100 사이클에서 302.9 mAh g^-1의 용량과 93.1%의 용량 유지율을 나타내었다. 또한 Rate performance의 전류 밀도 변화에도 구연산 처리한 샘플은 용량의 변화없이 1.0C에서 340.2 mAh g^-1의 성능을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 구연산 처리는 효과적으로 불순물을 제거하여 높은 용량 유지율을 나타내었을 뿐만 아니라 높은 전류 밀도에서도 안정적인 모습을 나타내는 것으로 확인하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of wilting and microbial inoculant treatment on the fermentation pattern and quality of Italian ryegrass silage. Methods: Italian ryegrass was harvested at heading stage and ensiled into vinyl bags (20 cm×30 cm) for 60d. Italian ryegrass was ensiled with 4 treatments (NWNA, no-wilting noadditive; NWA, no-wilting with additive; WNA, wilting no-additive; WA, wilting with additive) in 3 replications, wilting time was 5 hours and additives were treated with 106 cfu/g of Lactobacillus plantarum. The silages samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 days after ensiling and analyzed for the ensiling quality and characteristics of fermentation patterns. Results: Wilting treatment resulted in lower crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility and there were no significant differences in acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrient (TDN), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), ammonia content, and pH (p>0.05). However, wilting treatment resulted in higher ADF and neutral detergent fiber content of Italian ryegrass silage (p<0.05), and the WNA treatment showed the lowest TDN and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The pH of the silage was higher in the wilting group (WNA and WA) and lower in the additive treatment group. Meanwhile, the decrease in pH occurred sharply between the 3-5th day of storage. The ammonia nitrogen content was significantly lower in the additive treatment (p<0.05), and wilting had no effect. As fermentation progressed, the lactic and acetic acid contents were increased and showed the highest content at 30 days of storage. Conclusion: The wilting treatment did not significantly improve the silage fermentation, but the inoculant treatment improved the fermentation patterns and quality of the silage. So, inoculation before ensiling is recommended when preparing high quality of Italian ryegrass silage, and when wilting, it is recommended to combine inoculation for making high quality silage.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1871-1880
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• 2022

Objective: The primary goal was to identify the effectiveness of chemical or biological additives in delaying the deterioration of early-harvested wilted rye silage after exposure to air. Methods: Rye harvested as a whole plant at the early heading stage was wilted for 24 h. The wilted forage was divided into treatments including sodium diacetate (SDA) at 3 (SDA3) and 6 g/kg (SDA6), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L. buchneri (LB), or their equal mixture (LP+LB) at 1×10⁶ colony-forming unit/g fresh matter. Results: After 60 d of conservation in 20-L silos, lactic acid was greater in LP and LP+LB silages than other treatments (102 vs 90.2 g/kg dry matter [DM]). Acetic acid was greatest in SDA6 (32.0 g/kg DM) followed by LB (26.1 g/kg DM) and was lowest in LP treatment (4.73 g/kg DM). Silage pH was lower with microbial inoculation and the lowest and highest values were observed in LP and untreated silages, respectively. After 60 d, neutral detergent fiber concentration was lowest in SDA6 silages, resulting in the greatest in vitro DM digestibility (846 g/kg DM). Aerobic stability was longest in SDA6 (176 h) followed by LB treatment (134 h). Instability after aerobiosis was greatest in LP silages (68 h), about 8 h less than untreated silages. After aerobic exposure, yeast and mold numbers were lowest in SDA6 silages, resulting in DM loss minimization. Exhaustion of acetic acid and lactic acid after aerobic exposure was lowest with SDA6 but greatest with untreated and LP silages. Conclusion: Treatment of early-cut wilted rye forage with SDA at 6 g/kg resulted in silages with higher feeding value and fermentation quality, and substantially delayed deterioration after aerobic exposure, potentially qualifying SDA at this load for promotion of silage quality and delaying aerobic spoilage of early-harvested (low DM) rye forage.