• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.13-33
• /
• 1999

충청남도 청양군의 2개면 14개리에 거주하는 비닐하우스 재배자 177명과 일반 농민 213명을 대상으로 1998년 2월 24일부터 3월 15일까지 피로도, 주관적 건강상태, 농부증과 이의 위험요인을 파악하기 위하여 설문조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 피로도는 비닐하우스 재배자와 일반 농민간에 차이가 없었으며, 성별로는 여자가 남자보다(p<0.01), 교육수준이 낮을수록(p<0.01), 8시간 미만의 수면시간 (p<0.05), 비흡연자, 비음주자에서 피로도가 높았고, 연령, 식생활습관, 체질량지수는 관계가 없었다. 작업환경은 비닐하우스 재배자에서 총농사기간(r=0.159, p<0.05), 일반 농민은 총경작면적(r=-0.143, p<0.05)과 농작업동반가족수(r=-0.136, p<05)에서 약한 상관관계를 보였다. 2. 주관적 건강상태는 비닐하우스 재배자와 일반 농민간에 차이가 없었으며, 성별로는 여자가 남자보다(p<0.01), 교육수준이 낮을수록 (p<0.01), 8시간 미만의 수면시간(p<0.05), 비흡연자에서 주관적 건강상태가 좋지 않았으며, 연령, 음주, 식생활습관, 체질량지수, 작업환경은 관련성이 없었다. 3. '농부증 있음'은 비닐하우스 재배자 49.2%, 일반 농민 52.1%로 비슷하였으며, 성별로 비닐하우스 재배자와 일반 농민 모두 여자에서 57.0%, 58.8%로 남자 37.1%, 40.3%보다 높았다(p<0.01). 교육수준은 비닐하우스 재배자의 경우 무학 58.1%, 초등학교 50.0%, 중졸 이상 36.1%로 학력이 낮을수록 높았고(p<0.01), 일반 농민도 각각 56.3%, 51.0%, 33.3%로 같은 경향이었다(p<0.01). 흡연과 음주여부는 비닐하우스 재배자의 경우 비흡연군과 비음주군에서 높았으나, 일반 농민에서는 차이가 없었고, 체질량지수도 비닐하우스 재배자의 경우 세장형 57.1%, 비만형 63.9%로 정상형 42.5%보다 높았으나(p<0.05), 일반 농민은 차이가 없었다. 4. 농부증의 위험요인에 대한 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 성별, 수면시간이 중요한 요인이었으며, 남자를 기준하였을 때 여자의 교차비는 2.53(p<0.01), 수면시간 8시간 미만을 기준하였을 때 8시간 이상은 0.74로(p<0.01), 여자에서 발생위험이 높았고, 수면시간이 8시간 이상일수록 발생위험은 낮아졌다. 5. 비닐하우스 재배지와 일반 농민에서 많이 호소하는 주관적 신체증상은 '등이 결리거나 허리가 아파서 일하기가 어렵다.' '팔과 다리가 몹시 쑤시고 아픈 일이 있다', '손발이 저리거나 찌릿찌릿 하다'. '팔과 다리에 통증이 있어서 불편하다' '손의 힘이 전에 비해 약해졌다'에서 과반수 이상이 있다고 응답하였으며, 비닐하우스 재배자에서 일반 농민보다 많은 증상은 '피부의 일부분이 검게 변하였다'. '습진이나 무좀 등이 피부질환이 있다', '치질로 고생한 일이 있다'였다. 6. 대응분석 결과 비닐하우스 재배자는 피부계 질환이 높게 관찰되었으며, 남자는 소화기계 장애나 기타 질환, 여성에서는 내분비질환, 근육계통의 질환이 많은 것으로 나타났고, 농부증도 일반 농민과 여자에서 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 피로도, 주관적 건강상태, 농부증도 비닐하우스 재배자와 일반 농민간에 차이가 없었으며, 주로 농사와 노동일을 병행하는 여성에서 많고, 연령이 증가함에 따라 유병률도 증가하는 경향을 감안하면 추후 농촌의 노령환된 여성들에 대한 중점적인 관리가 필요하다. 또한 작업환경의 차이에 의하여 비닐하우스 재배자에서만 나타나는 미약하지만 특징적인 증상이 있으므로 이에 대한 지속적인 조사와 관리의 필요성이 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제8권12호
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2008

남녀 대학생을 대상으로 성별 및 전공에 따라 식품의 영양성분표시에 대한 인지도를 조사하였다. 가공식품의 구매빈도는 주 3-5회 이상 구매하였으며 남학생은 라면, 우유 및 유가공품의 섭취빈도가 높고 여학생은 과자류, 탄산음료 및 당류의 섭취빈도가 높았다. 식품전공은 주스와 탄산음료, 우유 및 유제품의 섭취가 높고 비식품전공은 라면과 과자류, 당류의 섭취가 높았다. 가공식품 구매 시 중요하게 여기는 요인은 성별 및 전공에 관계없이 모두"맛"이었으며 영양표시에 대한 인지도와 확인율이 높은 쪽은 여학생과 식품전공학생이었다. 남학생은 건강을 위하여 영양표시를 확인하고 여학생은 영양소 함량 확인을 위해 영양표시를 확인하였다. 또한 식품전공은 영양소 함량 확인을 위해 영양표시를 확인하였으며 식품비전공은 영양표시가 복잡해서 영양표시를 확인하지 않았다. 영양성분에 대한 지식은 여학생과 식품전공이 높았으며 전체적으로 식품군, 영양소의 기능 및 비타민에 대한 지식점수는 낮았다. 본 연구 결과, 습관적으로 가공식품을 구매하는 태도에서 벗어나 영양표시를 확인하고 구입하여 영양에 대한 관심을 식생활에 응용하고 영양지식을 함양 할 수 있도록 대학생을 위한 영양교육이 요구된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2011

성인 남성들이 2002년부터 2006년 까지 건강검진을 받기위해 대학병원을 내원한 성인 남성 80명을 개인별 골밀도를 5년간 관찰하여 분석하였다. 연구 대상자 성인 남성 80명의 평균연령은 $43.15{\pm}4.82$세였다. 대퇴경부의 골밀도는 1차 측정에서 -0.61에 비하여 4차 및 5차 측정에서 유의하게 감소하였으며, 척추 골밀도는 1차 측정 -0.67에서 2차 측정에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈지만 3~5차 측정에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 생활습관에 따른 음주, 흡연, 운동, 식습관에 따른 군 간의 대퇴경부 및 척추 골밀도 변화 값의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 1차 측정에서의 대퇴경부 골밀도를 기준으로 골밀도 상($0{\leqq}BMD$), 중($-1.0{\leqq}BMD<0$), 하(BMD < -1.0) 집단에서 1차 측정과 5차 측정 골밀도의 차이를 비교하였을 때, 상 집단에서 대퇴경부 골밀도가 1차 $0.67{\pm}0.76$에서 $0.42{\pm}0.93$로 유의하게 감소하였다. 다른 집단에서는 전후 비교에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 대상자들의 나이에 관계없이 젊어서부터 골밀도가 낮은 사람들은 대퇴경부 및 척추의 골밀도가 낮아 있었으며, 골밀도가 높은 사람들은 1차 측정 때부터 5차 측정 때까지 높았다. 대퇴경의 골밀도는 1차 측정에 비해 5차에서 유의한 감소를 나타내어 척추보다는 대퇴경부의 골밀도에 주의하도록 한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.207-218
• /
• 1999

The increased number of elderly in Korea presents great challenges for community nutrition programs. Strategies to enhance elderly nutrition are needed, as well as dietary advice that are reality-based and tailored to the need of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of an elderly nutrition improvement program(ENIP), by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after program completion. ENIP was conducted in Suwon for 4 months in 1998 at 5 centers for the elderly. The program provided individual nutrition counseling and brief biweekly group education sessions. To stimulate participation and motivation, the elderly in two centers were served free milk packs(200ml) three time a week during the program(milk＋education group), and the elderly in 3 other centers were served yoghurt on the program day(education group). Altogether, 102 subjects finished the program(milk＋education group 67 ; education group 35). Data about nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, diet records(24 hour recall) and dietary habit was collected before(baseline) and after the program(follow-up). The Drop-out rate for the milk＋education group(2.9%) was significantly lower than that for the education group(30.0%)(p<.001). The Nutrition Knowledge fo females milk＋education group increased significantly after the program, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Over 60% of all the elderly showed positive responses to the healthy eating attitudes. Energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, Calcium and Potassium intakes improved in the male milk＋education group. The Vitamin C intake improved in the male education group. Energy and vitamin A intakes improved in the female milk＋education group and energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Ca nad P in the female education group. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of food intake changes on overall nutrient quality. For all elderly, the fish intake explained 12.6% of the variance, followed by candy intake and vegetable intake(model $R^2$=19.6%). Dietary habits such as meal time regularity and salty food reduction were markedly improved in both groups. Sixty-one percent of the milk＋education subjects stated their participation was voluntary and active, while 51% of education subjects did. Sixty four percent of the subjects stated their interest on diet increased remarkably through program participation. Considering the results, it is conjectured that ENIP had a great impact on nutrient intake, dietary attitudes and habits. Milk supplement showed no direct effects on elderly nutrition improvement, but it encouraged the program by reducing drop-out rates and inducing voluntary participation. Therefore milk supplement could enhance the community nutrition education program. Moreover it is strongly suggested that the ENIP be expanded to other communities.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.675-685
• /
• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool, the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for screening Overweight Dietary Patterns in people in their 20's. We used the data from the 20 to 29 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys: the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 1998. The 1,493 adults were classified into two body fatness groups, that of normal (including the underweight) , and the overweight (including the obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW). When comparing general variables between the two groups, significant differences (11 variables) were found in gender, sadness/depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, presently a smoker, everyday smoking habits, number of alcoholic drinks in the past month, and the number of alcoholic drinks when dunk, as well as snacking frequency and fatty food consumption. There were significant differences between the two groups in the three variables of daily soup/kuk, pan fried fish/meat/poultry and cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid in terms of cooked food intake, and 11 variables of food size, cooked rice, stews, vegetables and kimchi at breakfast, panfried foods and beverage/teas at lunch, cooked rice and stews (liquid) at dinner, cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid at snacks and cooked fishpaste/ham/dried squid at snack between lunch and dinner. In terms of raw food intake, we observed significant differences (8 variables) in daily food intake and grains, grains/vegetables/fishes (shellfish) at breakfast, meat at lunch and milt at snack after dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis using 34 variables, including these 33, plus eating-out frequency, we chose 10 questions for the simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight category, in order to give each one point each. Among them we assigned an additional point to one question and two points to another question. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the questionnaire developed, were 5.97 $\pm$ 2.36 and 7.36 $\pm$ 2.21, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 49.3%,75.4% and 68.8%, respectively. The total score categorized as an overweight dietary pattern was 30.2%.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.66-81
• /
• 1997

This study examined the experience of health education and assessed the needs for health education in the students attending a university located in Inchon. The primary subjects were 749. who were selected from each college by using systematic random sampling. Of these students. 457 subjects responded to the self-reported questionnaire. revealing the response rate of $61.01\%$. As for the analysis of the data. percentages. chi-square test. and correlation and regression analyses were adopted. The experience rate of health education was 39.02% and the rate was higher in women than in men. The students experienced the education about smoking and first-aid most frequently. whereas they experienced stress management much less frequently. Stress management was given the highest priority among the subjects of health education which they proposed to need. Physical health states of the students were better than their mental health states. The women tended to eat meals irregularly compared to men. Those students living not with their family nor with their relatives were more likely to eat meals twice a day compared to those who live at their homes. Those who recognized the need for health education showed the willingness to join health education to be given. The willingness was, also observed in those who had better self-evaluated mental health. regardless of the recognition of the need for health education. These findings revealed both objective and subjective needs for educating management of mental health. Education on healthy eating habit should be given particularly to woman students and those who do not live with family nor with relatives. When educating for the management of mental health. there should be strategies to facilitate the participation of the students who do not have good mental health.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 1974

1) 시범(示範)이나 비교부락민(比較部落民)들의 생활정도(生活程度)가 저조(低調)하고 또 비슷하므로 영양섭취상태(營養攝取狀態)도 특별한 차(差)없이 비슷하다. 2) 도내시범부락(道內示範部落)이면서 두 부락(部落) 공(共)히 미곡채소(米穀菜蔬) 등의 식물성열원(植物性熱源)에서 탈피하지 못한 전통적(傳統的)인 식생활양식(食生活樣式)이기는 하되 가족계획(家族計劃)에는 비교적(比較的) 관심(關心)이 커서 $1{\sim}4$ 재층(才層)의 어린이수(數)가 예상외로 적은 것 같다. 가족계획(家族計劃)도 계속(繼續) 추진(推進)하면서 지방식대치(脂肪食代置)도 서둘러야 하겠다. 3) 생활수준(生活水準)이 저조(低調)하므로 생활유지상(生活維持上) 매일 과중(過重)한 노동(勞動)이 지속(持續)되고 식물성식품(植物性食品) 위주인 일상생활(日常生活)로 Fe를 다량(多量) 섭취(攝取)했던들 Hb 형성(形成) (erythrocyte)에지장(支障)을 초래(招來)하여 대부분의 주민(住民)들은 빈혈증(貧血症)이 많고 Ewha 나 Seoul Medical 의 연구결과(硏究結果)에 비(比)하면 현저(顯著)하게 뒤져 있으므로 식물성(植物性) 고급단백질(高級蛋白質)의 섭취(攝取)를 위한 식생활개선(食生活改善)이 시급히 요망(要望)된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in daily nutrient intakes, dietary habits and nutrition knowledge between male and female college students. Male undergraduate students 004 subjects) and female undergraduate students (229 subjects) , enrolled at H University in Daejeon, were recruited for this study. The mean age of the subjects was 22.9 year in male and 20.4 year in female students. Daily intakes of energy and nutrients were calculated from the records of one day of dietary food intakes by 24-hour recall method, and general information, dietary habits and attitudes, food intake frequency and food preferences and knowledge for food and nutrition were surveyed through a questionnaire. About $70.1\%$ of male and $66.1\%$ of female students were in the normal range of BMI (18.5 - 23), and $25.2\%$ of male students were over-weighted in contrast to $27.7\%$ of female students were underweight. Males and females were taking $77.2\%$ and $77.9\%$ of RDA for energy, respectively, and $54.8\%$ of male and $48.0\%$ of female students were taking energy under $75\%$ of RDA. Many of them showed deficient intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A and riboflavin. Average of MAR was 0.75 in male and 0.72 in female students. NAR for calcium, iron, vitamin A and riboflavin in male students were 0.55, 0.69,0.75 and 0.61, respectively, compared to 0.53, 0.51, 0.70 and 0.67 in female students. The nutrients, which have INQ less than 1, were calcium and riboflavin in male, compared to calcium, iron, and riboflavin in female students. There were no gender differences in meal regularity and meal skipping rates, but female students showed higher rates of skipping dinner than males (p < 0.001) About $50.8\%$ of female students were ingesting snacks 1 - 2 time/day, compared to $27.1\%$ of male students. For the food intake frequency, fruit group was significantly eating more for female than male students (p< 0.001) Though female students got higher scores for nutritional knowledge test (p < 0.001) than male students, they did not show better dietary habits or dietary attitudes than male students actually. Therefore, a more active and actual education program accustomed to the different genders and ages with focus on real changing of dietary behaviors needs to be developed and run in schools and local departments.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to identify factors related to breakfasts in elementary, middle and high school students. This study was surveyed by questionnaires and data was analyzed by SPSS program. Exploratory analysis was conducted according to three school student groups (elementary children, middle school students, and high school students). The subjects were 1,886 school students (female 893, male 959) of 51 schools in the nationwide region. The distribution of subjects was elementary school children 544, middle school students 661 and high school students 681. The results are summarized as follows. Only sixty percent of the subjects had breakfast regularly. About one fourth of the subjects had the habit of skipping breakfast or eating it 2$\sim$3 times per week. Frequency of having breakfast and reasions of skipping breakfast were significantly different according to school student groups (p < 0.001 respectively). The rate of skipping breakfast was $14.4\%$ in elementary school, $16.1\%$ in middle school, and $25.0\%$ in high school. The main reason for skipping breakfast was 'not delicious or poor appetite' in elementary school ($42.5\%$), but 'busy' in middle ($50.2\%$) and high school ($61.1\%$). There was no significant difference in frequency of having breakfast according to living areas (rural and urban). There were not significant differences between frequency of having breakfast and BMI and degree of satisfaction on body weight. But there were significant difference in frequency of having breakfast according to economical status (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in degree of school performance according to frequency of having breakfast (p < 0.001) There was significant relationship between the time of attending school and the frequency of having breakfast. But there were significant relationships between frequency of having breakfast and time of rising. These findings suggested that the time of rising was controlled by having enough time that students eat breakfast. And mother (or person who prepares meals) must have more concerns about preparing breakfast for children and students.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.795-804
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop of nutritional education activities and effect evaluation in related curriculums for all Dongbu Elementary School children in Jinhae by the teacher in charge. This educational purpose was to build a desirable dietary behavior for optimal growth and health in elementary school children. The educational program contents were developed according to 1) selection of content related curriculums 2) analysis of contents related on dietary habits by grade 3) preparation teaching plans to build desirable dietary habits 4) development of teaching manual by turns. Twelve hours of nutrition education at all school classes were done from March 2 to December 10 2004 in Dongbu Elementary School in Jinhae, Gyeongnam. The education effects were evaluated through the questionnaire surveys before and after the education and their comparative analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows : Forty percent of the underweight group, $22.8\%$ of the normal group, $42.2\%$ of the obese group had the wrong perceptions on their body figures, but after nutrition education $80.5\%$ of the underweight group, $94.3\%$ of the normal group, $97.9\%$ of the obese group gleaned the correct perceptions on their body figures (p < 0.001). As the effects of the education, the subjects who exercise more than 3 times in a week increased in all groups (p < 0.01-0.001), notably in the obese group. Meal regularity (p < 0.001) , skipping meals (p < 0.001), eating rate and snack selection patterns (p < 0.01-p < 0.001) also improved by nutrition education. We could also observe the effects of the nutrition education through the affirmative statements which appeared in their dietary records. These results showed a possibility of nutrition education activities in related curriculums to improve in dietary habits of school children. Next year, we will start with the system of nutrition teachers in elementary school, but nutrition teacher cannot undertake the task of teaching and food service management alone. Because of that, we intend to develop this program as an alternative proposal for the nutrition education in elementary schools. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) $795\∼804$, 2005)