• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1995

Effect of cadmium on the early amphibian development was analyzed through FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus). Embryos manifested concentration-dependent mortality and realformations; shortage of anterior-posterior axis gut realformation, ocular anomalies, bent notochord, misshapen dorsal fin, and derreal blisters. The treatment with 1.5ppm cadmium solution caused 100% mortality and concentration of lppm did not kill the embryos that caused 100% anomaly. The teratogenic index (TI = LC50 /EC50) was 2.8 indicating that $CdCl_2$ is teratogenic for Xenopus laevis. Embryos that were pulsetreated with at early to late blastula stage (St. 3-9) and mid to late blastula stage (St. 6-10) showed relatively strong resistance to cadmium, but the embryos treated at gastrula stage (St. 10-13) showed high mortality. And the embryos treated at tailbud stage (after St. 25) showed highest mortality of any other early stages. Effects of temperature were studied through pulse- treatment during gastrula stage at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The embryos treated with 7.5ppm at $30^{\circ}C$ and 15ppm at $20^{\circ}C$ caused 100% mortality respectively, indicating that higher temperature had more severe toxic effect. One of the most peculiar effect of cadmium at gastrulation was distortion of the tail. The probable cause of toxic effect of Cd was discussed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 1997

Effect of storage on the tree and quality of early cultivar of Citrus unshiu Marc. produced in Cheju according to harvest time were investigated. Soluble solids, acid content, flesh ratio, firmness and specific cavity of the fruits harvested at 27th of November were 12.0, 1.03%, 79.98%, 0.774kg-force, 0.912, respectively. Soluble solids, total sugar and reducing sugar were increased gradually, but acid content was decreased slightly as delayed in harvest time. Otherwise specific gravity and firmness were not shown in great during harvest time, color index(a/b) was increased sharply till late November and then remained in stationary phase. On these result, we recommend that the harvest time of early cultivar of Citrus unshiu Marc. would be during December because of wilting partly. Fully ripened-fruits harvested late, compared to ordinary harvest time, with cold storage would be kept more quality and freshness of fruits for fresh consumption than the fruits harvested early and stored at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a social competence enrichment program for institutionalized children in early childhood. The program was developed to enhance institutionalized children's social competence. The program consists of sixteen 30-minute sessions. 19 institutionalized children (11 boys and 8 girls) participated in this program. The effect of this program was evaluated by institutionalized preschool children's emotional knowledge and interpersonal problem solving strategy. Assessment of emotional knowledge consists of identification and situation task. Interpersonal problem solving strategy includes forceful, prosocial, and manipulative strategy. Results showed that there was a significant experimental effect for emotional knowledge. Experimental children showed higher scores of emotional knowledge than control children. Also, there was a significant experimental effect for prosocial and forceful strategy. Experimental children showed higher ratio of prosocial strategy and lower ratio of forceful strategy than control children. The results of program evaluation revealed that this program was helpful for promoting institutionalized children's social competence.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2020

The purpose of this study to discover what effect the mathematics education program linked to outdoor movement activities have on the ability to manipulate objects. The subject of study was a kindergarten class. The experimental and comparative groups consisted of 20 people each. In order to verify the effect of applying the early childhood mathematics education program in connection with outdoor movement activities, a total of 15 weeks of program was conducted for young children. As a result of conducting this study, it was found that a mathematics education program linked to outdoor movement activities improves the ability to manipulate objects. The discussion based on the results of this study is as follows. First, we suggest to specific activities that can be performed in an outdoor environment should be developed and applied to the field of early childhood education. Second, we suggest that It is necessary to program various subjects that link to outdoor movement activities. Third, we suggest what various measures are needed to improve the young children's ability to manipulate objects.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1055-1063
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• 1990

The early hydration characteristics of the system $C_3S-C_3A-C_4AF$ according to the clinker composition variations, in order to establish the mutual interactionof clinker minerals during the portland cement hydration, have been studied. The early hydration rate of $C_3S$ was greatly effected by the change of $C_3S/C_3A$ ratio. The lower the $C_3S/C_3A$ ratio was, the faster the apex reaching time and the rate of heat liberation of the 2nd exothermic peak originating from the formation of $Ca(OH)_2$ were. The effect of $C_3S/C_3A$ ration on the amounts of $Ca(OH)_2$ formation was decreased, in process of hydration time, but the effect of $C_3S$ content was increased.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2018

Objective : This systematic review aimed to evaluate the global literature on the effect of early intervention for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods : A literature search of the PubMed database identified 10 studies published up to December 2017, using the following search terms: autism, autism spectrum disorder, ASD, high-function autism, high-function ASD, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, PDDNOS, intervention, and early intervention. Results : Early intervention for children with ASD used Applied Behavior Analysis in 8 of the 10 selected studies. The other two studies used a Sensory Integration approach and Technology-based intervention. Most studies reported positive effects on communication skills, social interaction skills, intelligence, adaptive behavior, and improved attention through early intervention. Conclusions : These results suggested a basis for early intervention for children with ASD. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of early intervention.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-166
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• 2006

On the basis of exploration for the effect of grade skipping and early graduation on socio-emotional adjustments of early college entrants, this study sought to present educational and counseling implications for the promotion of efficiency in practicing grade skipping and early graduation. Fifty-two students were asked to report their IQs and GPAs and to respond the Self-Esteem Inventory(Coopersmith, 1967, 1981, 1984) and the Attitude toward Schooling Scale(Lee & Lee, 2000). The data collected were analyzed by MANOVA and MANCOVA. On the contrary to concern for socio-emotional development of early entrants, the result indicated that there was not any statistically evidence to show the differences in socio-emotional adjustments between early entrants and the counterparts in the K University. However, there were significant group differences in attitude toward schooling(e,g,. the opportunities and informations for grads skipping and early graduation).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.879-889
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• 2006

The early exposure of cover screws is a common complication of 2-stage implant technique. The exposure of cover screws between stage I and IT surgery may cause inflammation in the soft tissues surrounding the implants, and lead to peri-implantitis or marginal bone loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the early exposure of cover screws on implants placed using 2-stage technique. Two hundred and nineteen implants in 77 patients were examined for cumulative survival rate, radiographic marginal bone level change, cause and frequency of the early exposure. The results were as follows: 1. Twenty-five implants showed early exposure of cover screws with a frequency of 11.4%. 2. Cumulative survival rate of the implants with early cover screw exposure was 88.0%, and that of the implants without cover screw exposure was 96,9%. 3. At the time of stage IT surgery and 1 year after loading, the marginal bone loss was greater around the implants with early exposure of cover screws than around the implants without cover screw exposure(p <0.05), 4, There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the early exposure according to the implant diameter, gender, and smoking(p >0,05).

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

Purpose: Sensitivity analysis offers a good guideline for designing energy conscious buildings, which is fitted to a specific building configuration. Sensitivity analysis is, however, still too expensive to be a part of regular design process. The One-at-a-time (OAT) is the most common and simplest sensitivity analysis method. This study aims to propose a reasonable ground that the OAT can be an alternative method for the variance-based method in some early design scenarios, while the variance-based method is known adequate for dealing with nonlinear response and the effect of interactions between input variables, which are most cases in building energy simulations. Method: A test model representing the early design phase is built in the DOE2 energy simulations. Then sensitivity ranks between the OAT and the Variance-based methods are compared at three U.S. sites. Result: Parameters in the upper rank by the OAT do not much differ from those by the Main effect index. Considering design practices that designers would chose the most energy saving design option first, this rank similarity between two methods seems to be acceptable in the early design phase.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.241-248
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• 2020

In this study, to investigate the relationship between early morning delivery's logistics service quality (order quality, delivery quality, and after service quality) and customer satisfaction, and the moderating effect of eco-friendly attitude, the constructs were made up based on previous studies. A survey was conducted on early morning delivery users, and 210 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results are as follows: first, it was found that the logistics service quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Second, it was found that the delivery quality has the greatest effect on customer satisfaction. Third, as a result of testing the moderating effect of eco friendly attitudes in the relationship between the logistics service quality and customer satisfaction, in the case of the order quality among the logistics service quality, the differences between the groups were identified according to eco-friendly attitudes. In conclusion, the implications and limitations of this study are presented.