• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA (Nursing Child Assessment Sleep/Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the first 6 months Korean infants' lives and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of early infants. The subjects of this study were 94 normal infants from birth to 6 months of age who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in Pusan from February 1 to April 28, 2000. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage and ANOVA, Post Hoc test by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 8.06 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 6.31 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 14.37 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 5.20 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 25.84%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 77.69%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 42.60%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 2.33 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime activity was 8.25 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 1.39 hours. The mean amount of daily total activity was 9.64 hours. The mean of the longest activity period was 3.80 hours The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.69 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.08 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 7.74 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 54.62%. The mean frequency of wakenings was 5.14 times. The mean frequency of crying was 1.90 times. 3. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime sleep(p<.001), amount of night time sleep(p<.05), amount of total daily sleep (p<.001), longest sleep period(p<.001), regularity of daytime sleep(p<.001), regularity of nighttime sleep(p<.01), regularity of total daily sleep(p<.001), frequency of nighttime wakenings(p<.001). 4. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime activity(p<.001), amount of nighttime activity(p<.01), amount of total daily activity(p<.001), longest activity period(p<.05), frequency of nighttime feeding(p<.01), frequency of wakenings(p<.001). 5. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.30 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.70 hours. In conclusion, the initial irregular sleeping and activity patterns of the early infant became regurized as the infant grew older and estabilished firmer patterns of sleeping and of activity.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.518-527
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 신방오도료 Diuron과 Irgarol이 해양 무척추동물인 말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)에게 미치는 독성영향을 10min-수정률과 64 h-정상 유생발생률의 EC₅₀, NOEC, LOEC 값을 통하여 확인하였으며, 해당 오염물질이 H. pulcherrimus의 초기발생단계에 미치는 지연효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 실험결과, Diuron과 Irgarol은 시험농도(40mg L^-1)에서 H. pulcherrimus의 수정률에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 정상 유생발생률에 대한 EC₅₀값은 각각 7.12mg L^-1, 2.31mg L^-1로 나타났다. 또한, 수정란이 pluteus 유생으로 발달하는 과정에서 반수영향농도의 Diuron과 Irgarol의 노출 경과시간이 18 h에 도달하면, early gastrular stage로의 발달이 지연되기 시작하여, 24 h에서부터 유의미한 발달지연이 확인되었다. 이후 지속적인 발달지연이 관찰되어, Early gastrular-gastrular-early pluteus-pluteus로 이어지는 과정에서 발달지연이 나타났다. Diuron과 Irgarol은 잔류성이 높으며, 본 연구결과와 같이 무척추동물을 포함한 다양한 해양생물 군에 독성영향이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에, 해양 환경의 오염을 방지하고 보전하기 위하여, 관련된 규정의 마련을 통하여 환경보호 전략이 필요하다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.745-754
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• 2012

The correlations between Large Early Release Frequency (LERF) and Early Fatality need to be investigated for risk-informed application and regulation. In Regulatory Guide (RG) -1.174, while there are decision-making criteria using the measures of Core Damage Frequency (CDF) and LERF, there are no specific criteria on LERF. Since there are both huge uncertainties and large costs needed in off-site consequence calculation, a LERF assessment methodology needs to be developed, and its correlation factor needs to be identified, for risk-informed decision-making. A new method for estimating off-site consequence has been presented and performed for assessing health effects caused by radioisotopes released from severe accidents of nuclear power plants in this study. The MACCS2 code is used for validating the source term quantitatively regarding health effects, depending on the release characteristics of radioisotopes during severe accidents. This study developed a method for identifying correlations between LERF and Early Fatality and validates the results of the model using the MACCS2 code. The results of this study may contribute to defining LERF and finding a measure for risk-informed regulations and risk-informed decision-making.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2015

This study investigated longitudinally early vocalization and phonological developments of typically developing children. Ten typically developing children participated in the study from 9 months to 18 months of age. Spontaneous utterance samples were collected at 9, 12, 15, 18 months of age and phonetically transcribed and analyzed. Utterance samples were classified into 5 levels using Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development-Revised(SAEVD-R). The data analysis focused on 4 and 5 levels of vocalizations classified by SAEVD-R and word productions. The percentage of each vocalization level, vocalization length, syllable structures, and consonant inventory were obtained. The results showed that the percentages of level 4 and 5 vocalizations and word significantly increased with age and the production of syllable structures containing consonants significantly increased around 12 and 15 months of age. On average, the children produced 4 types of syllable structure and 5.4 consonants at 9 months and they produced 5 types of syllable structure and 9.8 consonants at 18 months. The phonological development patterns in this study were consistent with those analyzed from children's meaningful utterances in previous studies. The results support the perspective on the continuity between babbling and early speech. This study has clinical implications in early identification and speech-language intervention for young children with speech delays or at risk.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

Managing the quantitative measurement of the data control activities in enterprise wide is important to secure management of data governance. However, research on data governance is limited to concept definitions and components, and data governance research on evaluation models is lacking. In this study, we developed a model of quantitative assessment for data governance including the assessment area, evaluation index and evaluation matrix. We also, proposed a method of developing the model of quantitative assessment for data governance. For this purpose, we used previous studies and expert opinion analysis such as the Delphi technique, KJ method in this paper. This study contributes to literature by developing a quantitative evaluation model for data governance at the early stage of the study. This paper can be used for the base line data in objective evidence of performance in the companies and agencies of operating data governance.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.438-443
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• 2007

This paper proposes an integrated SE process for the development of railway systems with safety assessment included. Although the safety assessment process must be performed with SE process properly with good coordination, the interfaces between the two processes have not been clear. Thus, in many of safety critical system developments in Korea, it is difficult to assess safety in proper development phase. The process model proposed in this paper is based on both the concept of system life cycle and the repetitive use of SE process. In each of development phases, appropriate safety assessment methods are described. Also the evaluation of the integrated system incorporating safety factors is described. The resultant process model is expressed by the Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagram (EFFBD) using a CASE tool. The model also allows timeline analysis for identifying activity flow and data flow, resulting in the effective management of process. In conclusion, the integrated process enable both the SE process and safety assessment process to cooperate with each other from early development phase throughout the whole system life cycle.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5877-5882
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• 2013

Background: The aim of the study was to determine breast cancer risk and early diagnosis applications in women aged ${\geq}50$. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive field study focused on a population of 4,815 in Mansuro$\breve{g}$lu with a 55.1% participation rate in screening. In the study, body mass index (BMI) was also evaluated in the calculation of breast cancer risk by the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRA) (also called the "Gail Risk Assessment Tool"). The interviewers had a three-hour training provided by the researchers, during which interactive training methods were used and applications were supported with role-plays. Results: The mean age of the women participating in the study was $60.1{\pm}8.80$. Of these women, 57.3% were in the 50-59 age group, 71.7% were married, 57.3% were primary school graduates and 61.7% were housewives. Breast-cancer development rate was 7.4% in the women participating in the study. When they were evaluated according to their relationship with those with breast cancer, it was determined that 73.0% of them had firstdegree relatives with breast cancer. According to the assessment based on the Gail method, the women's breast cancer development risk within the next 5 years was 17.6%, whereas their calculated lifetime risk was found to be as low as 0.2%. Statistically significant differences (P=0.000) were determined between performing BSE-CBE and socio-demographic factors. Conclusions: It was determined that 17.6% of the participants had breast cancer risk. There was no statistically significant difference between the women with and without breast cancer risk in terms of early diagnosis practices, which can be regarded as a remarkable finding. It was planned to provide training about the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer for people with high-risk scores, and to conduct population-based breast cancer screening programs.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

Objectives : It is reported that panic disorder is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric illnesses. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of psychiatric comorbidity according to age of onset of panic disorder. Methods : Three hundred-two patients participated in the study. All the patients were evaluated by clinical instruments for the assessment the presence of other comorbid psychiatric disorders and various clinical features; Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Self-report questionnaires(Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Index and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and clinical rating scale (Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale and Global Assessment of Functional score). Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between early onset and late onset panic disorder. Results : Forty percent of panic patients were found to have at least one comorbid psychiatric diagnosis. There were no differences among the groups divided by number of comorbidity in sex, agoraphobia comorbidity, duration of panic disorder, except onset age of panic disorder. Early onset group had more comorbidy with social phobia, agoraphobia, PTSD. We also found that Early onset panic disorder patients were more likely to experience derealization, nausea, parethesia than late onset panic disorder patients. Conclusion : The results of our study are in keeping with previous data from other parts of the world. Our finding suggest that earier onset of panic disorder related to more psychiatric comorbidity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The causative role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in human carcinogenesis is undisputed. Measurements of PAH-DNA adduct levels in easily accessible white blood cells therefore represent useful early endpoints in exposure intervention of chemoprevention studies. The successful applicability of DNA adducts as early endpoints depends on several criteria:i.adduct levels in easily accessible surrogate tissues should reflect adduct levels in target-tissues, ii. toxicokinetics and the temporal relevance should be properly defined.iii. sources of inter- and intra-individual variability must be known and controllable, and finally iv. adduct analyses must have advantages as compared to other markers of PAH-exposure. In general, higher DNA adduct levels or a higher proportion of subjects with detectable DNA adduct levels were found in exposed individuals as compared with non-exposed subjects, but saturation may occur at high exposures. Furthermore, DNA adduct levels varied according to changes in exposure, for example smoking cessation resulted in lower DNA adduct levels and adduct levels paralleled seasonal variations of air-pollution. Intra-individual variation during continuous exposure was low over a short period of time (weeks), but varied significantly when longer time periods (months) were investigated. Inter-individual variation is currently only partly explained by genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in PAH-metabolism and deserves further investigation. DNA adduct measurement may have three advantages over traditional exposure assessment: i. they can smooth the extreme variability in exposure which is typical for environmental toxicants and may integrate exposure over a longer period of time. Therefore, DNA adduct assessment may reduce the monitoring effort. ii. Biological monitoring of DNA adducts accounts for all exposure routes. iii. DNA adducts may account for inter-individual differences in uptake, elimination, distribution, metabolism and repair amongst exposed individuals. In conclusion, there is now a sufficiently large scientific basis to justify the application of DNA adduct measurement as biomarkers in exposure assessment and intervention studies. Their use in risk-assessment, however, requires further investigation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2016

본 연구는 유아 자기통제력 평가도구의 신뢰도와 오차에 대한 분석을 통해 유아 자기통제력 평가도구뿐만 아니라 유아를 대상으로 한 평가도구를 활용할 때 적용할 수 있는 유용한 정보를 제공하고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구의 연구대상은 만5세 16학급 259명의 담임교사 16명과 어머니가 유아의 자기통제력을 평가한 자료이다. Kendall과 Wilcox[1]가 개발한 자기통제력 평가도구 검사 결과를 활용하여 평가자, 평가문항, 평가대상 유아, 검사도구 그리고 각 요인간의 상호작용에 대한 분산분석을 실시하였으며 각각의 분산추정치에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 유아 자기통제력 평가의 경우 유아 각자의 자기통제력 차이가 평가결과에 반영되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 평가자 오차변인의 경우, 분산성분이 전혀 나타나지 않은 것으로 보아 부모와 교사의 평가결과가 일치하고 있으며 따라서 부모를 평가자로 활용할 수 있는 가능성이 있는 검사도구라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 일부 하위 요인 문항의 경우 오차변인의 비율을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 할 필요가 있다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 유아 자기통제력 평가도구가 가지고 있는 문제점에 대한 탐색을 통해 평가도구의 제작 및 활용 시 적용할 수 있는 정보를 마련해줄 수 있다는 점에서 커다란 의의가 있을 것이라고 판단된다.