• Title/Summary/Keyword: Early Assessment

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Toxicity of PFCs in Embryos of the Oryzias latipes Using Flow though Exposure System (유수식 연속노출장비를 이용한 과불화화합물(PFOS, PFOA)이 송사리 (Oryzias latipes) 알의 초기발생과정에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Cho, Jae-Gu;Kim, Kyung-Tae;Ryu, Tae-Kwon;Park, Yu-Ri;Yoon, Jun-Heon;Lee, Chul-Woo;Kim, Hyun-Mi;Choi, Kyung-Hee;Jung, Ki-Eun
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.145-151
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    • 2010
  • Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) is a kinds of persistent organic pollutants, and have the potential toxicity of which is causing great concern. In this study, we employed Oryzias latipes embryos to investigate the developmental toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)s compound using flowthrow system for 14 day. O. latipes embryos were exposed to solvent control, 20, 40 and 80 mg/L of PFOS and 62.5, 130, 260 mg/L of PFOA respectively. After exposure, hatchability, mortality, total length and heart beats were examined. Hatching rates were reduced approximately 27% in the 80 mg/L PFOS-treated group and 17% in the 62.5, 130 mg/L PFOA-treated groups. Heart beats in the PFOS-treated groups were reduced at 7 day but, PFOA-treated groups were increased heart beats. 80 mg/L PFOS treated group showed significant reduction in growth (total length) level to 90% of control. But PFOA did not showed significant effect on growth. In the 14 days $LC_{50}$ of PFOS and PFOA was 22.74 mg/L and 173 mg/L, respectively. The overall results indicated that the early stage of O. latipes might be a reliable model for the testing of developmental toxicity to perfluorinated chemicals.

Survey on Performance of the Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders (근골격계부담작업 유해요인조사 이행 실태 조사)

  • Park, Jae-Hee;Lee, In-Seok;Kee, Do-Hyung;Jung, Hwa-Shik;Park, Jung-Keun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 2011
  • A questionnaire study was carried out to understand the status of performing the risk assessment of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMDSs), which is the employers' legal responsibility when the employees are involved in doing tasks with risk factors. Employers or managers from 340 companies and the representative employees from 250 companies participated in the survey. According to the participated employers and employees, 35.0~46.2% of companies had performed the first risk assessment before the end of 2005. However, it is presumed that the real condition might not be as much as the result, because most companies were very reluctant to took part in the survey. It was found that the type of business and size of the company are the main factors affecting the performance of the risk assessment in terms of the performing ratio, method, and so on. The participants were positive in the thought that the assessment would be helpful in preventing msuculoskeletal disorders, while there was a little difference between the employers and employees in the thought that the assessment would be helpful in finding the injuries in the early stage. It was found that it is necessary to modify and improve the definition and criteria of the tasks to be examined in the assessment.

An Analysis of Research Trends in Early Childhood Inclusive Education (장애유아 통합교육 관련 학위논문 연구동향 분석)

  • Lee, Soo-Ryun
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.49-62
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze recent research trends in early childhood inclusive education. For this purpose, a total of 408 theses, written between 1986 and 2010, were chosen and then analyzed in terms of years of publication, the main topics of research, and the research methodology used. The results of this study are presented and discussed as follows : First, the amount of research into inclusive education increased greatly after 2001. Second, the main topics of the research, as reflected in the theses studied, were general discussions of inclusive education, the attitudes and apprehension of those working with young children with disabilities and the rate of increase in the quantity of research produced has been gradually increased. Third, the methodologies of researches varied somewhat, as reflected in the review of the survey studies and experimental studies. Therefore, it can be said that research into Early Childhood Inclusion Education will continue to be a subject of interest and study and will continue to develop for the benefit curriculum, measurement, assessment and the families concerned.

Determining the Awareness of and Compliance with Breast Cancer Screening among Turkish Residential Women

  • Yilmaz, Demet;Bebis, Hatice;Ortabag, Tulay
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.3281-3288
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    • 2013
  • Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Despite being associated with high morbidity and mortality, breast cancer is a disease that can be diagnosed and treated early. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 321 women, data were collected by Questionnaire, Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Form and Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chisquared tests and logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. Results: It was found that only 2.2% of women have high and very high risk levels of breast cancer risk. There is a positive correlation between early diagnosis techniques and Health Belief Model Sub-Dimension scores which are sensibility, health motivation, BSE (Breast self-examination) self-efficient perception and negative correlation between mammography barrier score and BSE barrier score (p 0.05). When factors for not having BSE were examined, it was determined that the women who do not have information about breast cancer and the women who smoke have a higher risk of not having BSE. Conclusions: It is important to determine health beliefs and breast cancer risk levels of women to increase the frequency of early diagnosis. Women's health beliefs are thought to be a good guide for planning health education programs for nurses working in this area.

A Preliminary Study for the Development of An Assessment Scale for Early Childhood Programs in Korea (유아교육 프로그램 평가척도 개발에 관한 예비 연구)

  • Rhee, Un Hai;Lee, Ki Sook
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.5-21
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    • 1994
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for evaluation of early childhood programs in Korea. The procedures included content validation and a pilot test. A total of 192 items in 10 major areas was developed based on the review of literature and discussions with professionals in early childhood education. The 10 areas include: scheduling, curriculum, interation, physical environment, materials, nutrition, health and safety, administration, staff qualifications, relationships with parents, and evaluation. The pilot scale was administered to 428 classroom teachers and directors, and 47 college professors in early childhood education. The items were rated on a 3-point scale in terms of importance as evaluation criteria. The methods for data analysis included item means and standard deviations for content validation, Cronbach ${\alpha}$ for reliability, and factor analysis for construct validity. Most items in 10 areas were rated as moderate to highly important (average 2.3), especially items in curriculum and staff qualifications. Two factors emerged from the data: institutional management, and curricular planning and implementation. The Cronbach ${\alpha}$ levels were .70 or higher in most areas, but the range covers from .48 to .91. Based on the pilot data, 143 items were selected for the second year study.

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The Effects of Early Exercise Program on the Pain, Disability and Balance on Undergo Single-level Lumbar Discectomy (단일 요추간판 절제술 환자의 조기 운동프로그램이 통증, 장애, 균형에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon, Jae-Guk;Kim, Myung-Jun
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.80-87
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of a early exercise program on the pain, disability and balance after single-level lumbar discectomy. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into experimental(N=20) and control(N=20) groups. Three days after surgery, patients in the experimental group undertook a 4-week exercise program. Assessments were performed in all patients during the week before surgery and at 4 weeks after. The assessment included measures of back and leg pain(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI), stability index(SI) and weight distribution index(WDI). Results: At 4 weeks, VAS, ODI, SI, WDI were significantly reduced in both groups(p<.01). Also the experimental group was significantly reduced back and leg pain(VAS), ODI and WDI were better than the control group(p<.05). Conclusion: It seems that early exercise program is more effective in patients who undergo single-level lumbar discectomy.

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The Risk Factors Related to Early Readmission to the Intensive Care Unit. (중환자실 조기 재입실 관련 위험요인)

  • Jang, Jin Nyoung;Lee, Yun Mi;Park, Hyo Jin;Lee, Hyeon Ju
    • Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.36-45
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    • 2019
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify status and characteristics of patients who have been readmitted to ICU, and to analyze risk factors associated with the readmission to ICU within 48hours. Method: Data were collected from patient's electronic medical reports from one hospital in B city. Participants were 2,937 patients aged 18 years old or older admitted to the ICU. Data were analyzed using odd ratios (ORs) from multivariate logistic regressions. Results: 2.2% of the 2,937 patients were early readmitted to ICU. Risk factors for early readmission to ICU were existence of respiratory disease, use of mechanical ventilator, and duration of hospitalization (longer). Conclusion: The assessment on the respiratory system of the patient who will be discharged from the ICU was identified as an important nursing activity. Therefore, the respiratory system management and education should be actively conducted. In addition, early ICU readmission may be prevented and decreased if a link was built to share the information on patient condition between the ICU and general wards.

The comparative risk assessment of LNG tank designs using FTA (고장수목분석법을 이용한 액화천연가스 저장탱크 형식별 위험성 비교 평가)

  • Lee, Seung Rim;Kim, Han Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.48-54
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    • 2012
  • Building above-ground membrane LNG storage tanks have been recently actively reviewed because they have advantages in ease of large capacity, environmental friendliness, and low possibility of gas leakage of the inner tank (slow increase of leakage speed). In this paper, the safety of membrane LNG storage tanks was ensured through comparative risk assessment of full-containment LNG storage tanks and membrane LNG storage tanks by using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Risk assessment results showed that both types of tanks have very similar level of risk except for the membrane storage tanks without additional safety equipments (early model).

Causality Assessment of Adverse Events on Acupuncture (침의 유해사례 인과성 평가 연구)

  • Jung, Hee-Jung;Choi, Jun-Yong;Park, Ji-Eun;Kim, Kun-Hyung;Choi, Sun-Mi;Oh, Dal-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : This study is to establish the appropriate assessment of causalities from adverse events (AEs) which are related to acupuncture treatment. Methods : We assessed thirty AEs which were caused in the early phase trial on concomitant use of acupuncture and herbal medicines. We scored each AE on the questionnaire in Naranjo and SNU algorithm scale which are for drug causality assessment in pharmacoepidemiology. Results : In Naranjo scale, there were consistencies among the evaluators qualitatively with "Probable", "Possible" degree. In reliability test, parameters, such as, gamma and kendall's tau-b revealed the degrees of 73%, and 32%, respectively. There were disaccordant tendency in SNU algorithm scale. Conclusion : A new algorithm which reflects acupuncture properties should be developed and elucidated.

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How we should approach and manage older patients with cancer (노인 암 환자의 접근과 관리 원칙)

  • Kim, Jee Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2017
  • Cancer is the disease of aging and Korea is one of the fastest aging country in the world. Older patients have decreased organ function and stress tolerance, therefore are at high risk of functional decline and developing complication from cancer and cancer treatment. Before beginning cancer treatment, it is important to assess patients' life expectancy, whether the patient is likely to die of cancer or of other comorbidity, and also the risks with cancer treatment. In order to estimate patient's physiologic age, it is recommended to perform geriatric assessment and implement appropriate geriatric intervention together with meticulous supportive care, when planning cancer treatment for older patients. In a resource limited country such as Korea, two step approach of applying screening tool followed by geriatric assessment can be more efficient. Geriatric assessment is used to predict toxicity from cancer treatment such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, predict survival, and also to aid treatment decision. Number of randomized trials are ongoing to compare usual care versus oncogeriatric care, and with these results we expect to improve outcome of older patients with cancer.