• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.69-82
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• 2016

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preschooler temperament and maternal postnatal depression, depression, and parenting stress on preschooler externalizing problem behavior. Methods: The participants consisted of 98 preschoolers (ages 4-5 years) and their mothers. The subjects completed the following questionnaires: Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability (EAS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Parenting Stress Scale, Korean Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (K-CBCL 1.5-5), and Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Inventory Short Form (SCBE-30). The data were analyzed by t/F tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results and Conclusion: First, preschooler emotionality temperament had positive correlations with attention problems and aggression. Second, maternal depression and parenting stress had a positive correlation with preschooler externalizing problem behaviors. Third, maternal parenting stress had an effect on preschooler attention problems. Forth, preschooler emotional temperament and maternal parenting stress had an effect on preschooler aggression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.722-728
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the predictors of postpartum depression. Method: One hundred-sixty one women within one year after delivery from one public health center located in the northern area of Seoul were used in this study. The instruments were a survey of general characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, recent life events index, perceived social support from family, Quality of marriage index, parenting stress index, and Rosenberg's self-esteem inventory. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and logistic regression. Result: The average item score of the EPDS was 6.67. 12.4% of respondents, who scored above a threshold 12, were likely to be suffering from a depression of varying severity. The fitness of the model for explaining postpartum depression from six variables, plan for pregnancy, family support, quality of marital relation, perceived social support, life events, childcare stress, and self-esteem, was statistically significant and the predictive power of these variables was 90.9%. The significant predictors of postpartum depression were family support and child care stress. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify the prevalence rate of postpartum depression using more reliable sampling methods from a large general population. Nursing interventions need to be developed for promoting family support and reducing childcare stress.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to identify mother and infant related factors that influence child-care stress among the mother of newborn infants. Methods: Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The data survey was conducted with 957 conveniently selected mothers of infants when they visited a public health center in Seoul to have their children immunized. Results: The average item score for the Childcare Stress Inventory was 38.03, for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 9.31 and for the Degree of Bother Inventory, 23.42. The CSI was positively correlated to EPDS (r=.44, p<.001) and DBI (r=.40, p<.001). Also these two variables explained 30.0% of CSI in infants' mothers. Conclusion: These findings are expected to expand the understanding about postpartum mothers' child-care stress and can contribute to the development of comprehensive interventions based on community health nursing.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the impacts of maternal depression on the temperament, health problems, and development of 4-month-old infants. Methods: For this longitudinal comparative study, data collected at one month postpartum and at the 4th month of follow-up were evaluated from sixty five pairs. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the symptoms of depression. Results: Eighteen point 5 percent and15.4% of mothers were diagnosed with postpartum depression at one month post-partum and at the 4th month of follow-up, respectively. The temperament of the infants between the two groups was not different. However, the infants of the depressed mothers had more health problems after 4 months. Depressed mothers had a lower score for the acceptance of Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME), and the development score of their infants was lower than that of the non-depressed mothers. Conclusion: Maternal depression affects the health and development of infants. Women should be screened for potential risk factors and for symptoms of depression during postpartum periods so that appropriate interventions including emotional support can be initiated in a timely manner.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

Background: This study investigated the effects of pelvic floor stabilization exercise of pain, disfunction, psychosocial, electromyography (EMG) activity on the lower back pain with postpartum. Methods: The study included 20 postpartum women who were randomly assigned to a sling exercise group (SEG, n=10) or a general physical therapy group (GPTG, n=10). Outcomes were assessed using to lower back pain with postpartum the quadruple visual analogue scale (QVAS), the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (KODI), the fear avoidance belief questionnaire (FABQ), the inventory of functional status after childbirth (IFSAC), the edinburgh postnatal depression scale-Korean (EPDS-K), and trunk muscle activity before and after a 4-week exercise intervention. Statistical analysis were performed using a mean, standard deviation, crosstab test, paired t-test, independent t-test. Kolmogorove-Smirnov test was used for test of normality. Results: Compared to the GPTG, the SEG showed significant improvement in the QVAS, KODI, FABQ, IFSAC, and EPDK-K scores (p<.05) after 4 weeks. Conclusion: Postpartum pelvic strengthening exercise proved to have a positive effect.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.513-516
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• 2021

An 87-year-old man presented with a saccular aneurysm at the proximal descending thoracic aorta. As computed tomography revealed a shaggy aorta, we planned hybrid thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with embolic protection devices (EPDs) in both internal carotid arteries to prevent a cerebrovascular accident. We inserted an Emboshield NAV⁶ Embolic Protection System (Abbott Vascular, Abbott Park, IL, USA) into both internal carotid arteries before performing the TEVAR procedure. The patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 4 without any neurological complications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.798-809
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the quantities of three neo-maternal exposures; visiting frequency, auditory contact and physical contact, and to examine the relationship between the quantities of each exposure and maternal attachment, maternal self-esteem and postpartum depression in 40 mothers of NICU babies during the first week in the NICU. Method: Each neo-maternal exposure was counted at every mother's visit to the newborn and maternal attachment, maternal self-esteem and postpartum depression were measured using the maternal attachment inventory, the maternal self-report inventory and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) on the first and seventh day in the NICU. Result: The Mean of each neo-maternal exposure was 8.77(2.81) for the visiting frequency, 5.82(3.66) for the auditory contact and 5.60(2.89) for the physical contact during 7 days in the NICU. No significant changes were found in the scores of maternal attachment, maternal self-esteem and postpartum depression between the first and the seventh day in the NICU. The quantities of neo-maternal exposures were positively related to the scores of maternal attachment and maternal self-esteem but not related to postpartum depression. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest the lack of early neo-maternal exposure in cases of NICU hospitalization negate its beneficial effects on maternal psychological well-being in increasing maternal attachment and self-esteem. More efforts are neededfor the neo-maternal interaction and the reevaluation of NICU visitation hours in order to promote maternal-infant interaction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2013

Purpose: This prospective cohort study was done to investigate recall bias to antepartum variables measured at postpartum periods and predictors of postpartum depression. Methods: Participants were 215 women who answered a self-administered questionnaire which included demographics, Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised and Korean version of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale at antepartum 36-40 weeks and postpartum 2 weeks and 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using kappa, and hierarchical multiple logistic regression. Results: Agreement between antepartum variables at both antepartum and two postpartum periods was relatively high (${\kappa}$=.55- .95). Postpartum depression rates were 36.3% and 36.7% at two follow-up points. In hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis, prenatal depression (OR=4.32, 95% CI: 1.41-13.19; OR=5.19, 95% CI: 1.41-19.08), social support (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.66; OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53) and maternity blues (OR=4.75, 95% CI: 1.89-11.98; OR=4.22, 95% CI: 1.60-11.12) were commonly associated with postpartum depression at two follow-up points. Child care stress (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.01-3.37) was only associated with postpartum depression at 2 weeks postpartum and pregnancy intendedness (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.09-2.27) was only associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: The results indicate a need to apply nursing interventions such as prenatal education and counseling with families from antenatal period.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between perineal demage, a physiological element that mothers experience immediately after delivery, and postpartum depression. The postpartum depression level of women after delivery was $6.67{\pm}4.34$ points at delivery, $7.41{\pm}4.77$ after 2 weeks, and $7.77{\pm}5.27$ after 6 weeks. The degree of mild postpartum depression increased to 26% after delivery, 33% after 2 weeks, and to 41.4 after 6 weeks. At 2 weeks and 6 weeks postpartum, the feeling of discomfort during walking or sitting caused by perineal incision had a direct correlation with postpartum depression. Therefore, in order to prevent postpartum depression, management of discomfort associated with the perineal incision should be given priority.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to review the research trends regarding the treatment of Postpartum Depression (P.P.D) in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Methods: We searched articles in CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from 2004 to 2013. Search key words were "产后抑郁症", "Postpartum Depression", and we selected 27 studies except for non-clinical studies, insufficient number of studies, unrelated studies and tests on animals. Results: We selected 27 articles with following results: 1) One study of Jadad Quality Assessment Scale score showed 3 points, 4 studies showed 2 points and 22 studies showed less than 1 point. Overall, the quality of the studies was low. 2) DSM - IV was frequently used as a diagnostic criteria and HAMD was mostly used as evaluation criteria. Diagnostic criteria and evaluation criteria were the same in HAMD and EPDS. 3) In TCM, there are various ways, such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, electro acupuncture, auricular acupuncture and/or massage to treat the postpartum depression. 4) The roots of Bupleurum falcatum Linne, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Angelica gigas Nakai and Paeonia lactiflora Pall, the rhizome of Atractylodis macrocephala Koidz, the semen of Zizyphus jujuba Mill, the radix of Curcuma aromatica Salisb, the sclerotium of Poria cocos Wolf and the rhizomas of Cyperus rotundus L and of Cnidium officinale Makino are mainly used in the herbal medicine. BaekHoi (GV20) and Yindang (Ex-HN3) are mainly used in acupuncture points. 5) Most of the studies showed effective results. Some of the results were similar to those of the control groups which were cured by western medicine. Other results were better than those of control groups. Conclusions: Research on postpartum depression has been actively conducted in TCM and all studies showed effective results in the study group patients. Therefore, with this study, we hope to activate more clinical research on the treatment of patients in Korean traditional medicine.