Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.6.69

The Effects of Preschooler Temperament and Maternal Postnatal Depression, Depression, and Parenting Stress on Preschooler Externalizing Problem Behavior  

Han, Jihyeon (Department of Child Studies, Chonbuk National University)
Lee, Jin Suk (Department of Child Studies, Chonbuk National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Child Studies / v.37, no.6, 2016 , pp. 69-82 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preschooler temperament and maternal postnatal depression, depression, and parenting stress on preschooler externalizing problem behavior. Methods: The participants consisted of 98 preschoolers (ages 4-5 years) and their mothers. The subjects completed the following questionnaires: Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability (EAS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Parenting Stress Scale, Korean Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (K-CBCL 1.5-5), and Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Inventory Short Form (SCBE-30). The data were analyzed by t/F tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results and Conclusion: First, preschooler emotionality temperament had positive correlations with attention problems and aggression. Second, maternal depression and parenting stress had a positive correlation with preschooler externalizing problem behaviors. Third, maternal parenting stress had an effect on preschooler attention problems. Forth, preschooler emotional temperament and maternal parenting stress had an effect on preschooler aggression.
Keywords
preschooler temperament; preschooler externalizing problem behavior; maternal postnatal depression; maternal depression; maternal parenting stress;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Seo, S. W., & Woo, S. K. (2016). The effects of mothers' parenting stress on children's problem behaviors: Mediating effects of mothers' psychological characteristics. Early Childhood Education Research & Review, 20(2), 519-539. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A101870040
2 Shin, Y. K. (2011). Factors affecting postpartum depression: Focusing on self efficacy, marital conflicts and prenatal depression (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12543560
3 Song, M. J., & Han, S. Y. (2011). Effects of mother's neuroticism, parenting stress and young children's stress on problem behaviors. Family and Environment Research, 49(5), 117-127. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82601281
4 Um, S.-M. (2013). A study on the perception of the behavioral problem and ego-resiliency of 5-year-old-children by mother and teacher (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13059346
5 Won, Y. M., Park, H. W., & Lee, G. O. (2004). Children's temperament and home environment in relation to behavior problems: A comparative study of Korean-Chinese and Korean children. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 24(2), 311-333. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99534671
6 Yang, D. S. (2015). The effects of children's temperament, emotion regulation and child-teacher relationships on children's behavior problems (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13800919
7 Yoon, H.-M., & Choi, M.-J. (2006). Effects of mothers' depression and marital conflict on problem behaviors of young children-Focused on mediating effects of child neglect. The Korea Association of Child Care and Education, 12(1), 21-44. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A75110674
8 Yune, H. S., Kang, J. H., & Oh, K. J. (2011). Stability of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in preschoolers: A one-year follow-up study. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30(2), 617-627. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100627570   DOI
9 Hwang, H.-J. (2006). Agreement between parents' and teachers' ratings of preschoolers' emotional and behavioral problems. The Korea Association of Child Care and Education, 45, 339-359. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A75110649
10 Hur, S. Y., Lee, K. O., & Kim, Y. H. (2005). Poorness-of-fit temperament, mother's parenting practice & children's problem behavior. The Journal of Play Therapy, 9(2), 1-17. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A75622246
11 Jo, H. S., & Seu, S. I. (1998). Relation between maternal and teacher's perceptions of behavioral problems of children. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 8, 165-181. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A3166085
12 Jo, J. O., & Na, J. (2016). Analysis of the relationship between the mental health of mothers and the problem behaviors of preschoolers. Journal of Children's Literature and Education, 17(2), 375-398. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A101962575   DOI
13 Joun, M. S., & Lee, Y. A. (2009). The effect of maternal stress on maternal responses to children's negative emotion. Korean Journal of Play Therapy, 12(4), 97-116. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A76591595
14 Kang M.-J. (1997). The relation between teacher's perception of children's temperament and maladjustment behavior in kindergarten (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T4624909
15 Kim, E. K. (2009). The effects of temperament and mother's parenting behavior on child behavior problem. The Journal of Play Therapy, 13(3), 35-45. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A76620799
16 Kang, H. K., & Cho, H. S. (2008). A comparison between parents' and teachers' ratings on preschoolers' behavioral problems. Early Childhood Education Research & Review. 12(2), 171-193. Retrieved from http://www.eceteacher.com/
17 Crnic, K. A., & Booth, C. L. (1991). Mothers' and Fathers' perceptions of daily hassles of parenting across early childhood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53(4), 1042-1050. doi:10.2307/353007   DOI
18 Lorber, M. F., del Vecchio, T., & Slep, A. M. S. (2015). The emergence and evolution of infant externalizing behavior. Development and Psychopatholog y, 27(3), 663-680. doi:10.1017/S0954579414000923   DOI
19 Lyons-ruth, K., Easterbrooks, M. A., & Cibelli, C. D. (1997). Infant attachment strategies, infant mental lag, and maternal depressive symptoms: Predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems at age 7. Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 681-692. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.681   DOI
20 Mesman, J., Bongers, I. L., & Koot, H. M. (2001). Preschool developmental pathways to preadolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(5), 679-689. doi:10.1017/S0021963001007351   DOI
21 Crnic, K. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (1990). Minor parenting stresses with young children. Child Development, 61(5), 1628-1637. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02889.x   DOI
22 Arsenio, W. F., Cooperman, S., & Lover, A. (2000). Affective predictors of preschoolers' aggression and peer acceptance: Direct and indirect effects. Developmental Psychology, 36(4), 438-448. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.36.4.438   DOI
23 Avan, B., Richter, L. M., Ramchandani, P. G., Norris, S. A., & Stein, A. (2010). Maternal postpartum depression and children's growth and behaviour during the early years of life: Exploring the interaction between physical and mental health. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95(9), 690-695. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.164848   DOI
24 Barber, B. K. (1994). Effects of family, marital and parent-child conflict on adolescents self-derogation and suicidal ideation. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55(4), 964-974. doi:10.2307/352776   DOI
25 Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55(1), 83-96. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.ep7405453.   DOI
26 Kim, M.-E. (2016). The effect of a child's temperament and a parent's rearing attitude on a child's problem behavior (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T14007253
27 Kim, H. J. (2009). Effects of marital conflict & mother's depression and young children's emotional regulation on anxiety (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11579589
28 Kim, H. R., & Ryu, S. M. (2015). The effects of mother's parenting stress and mother's marital satisfaction on child's behavior problems: Focused on the mediating effects of mother's parenting style. Early Childhood Education Research & Review, 19(2), 193-209. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100494814
29 Kim, K. H., & Kang, H. K. (1997). Development of the parenting stress scale. Family and Environment Research, 35(5), 141-150. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A75471534
30 Kim, M.-Y. (2011). The relation between young children's temperament perceived by teachers and peer competence (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12333614
31 Miner, J. L., & Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (2008). Trajectories of externalizing behavior from age 2 to age 9: Relations with gender, temperament, ethnicity, parenting, and rater. Developmental Psychology, 44(3), 771-786. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.771   DOI
32 O'Brien, M. (1996). Child-rearing difficulties reported by parents of infants and toddlers. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 21(3), 433-446. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/21.3.433   DOI
33 Preddy, T. M., & Fite, P. J. (2012). Differential associations between relational and overt aggression and children's psychosocial adjustment. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(2), 182-190. doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9274-1   DOI
34 Brockington, I. (2004). Diagnosis and management of postpartum disorders: A review. World Psychiatry, 3(2), 89-95. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414675
35 Berdan, L. E., Keane, S. P., & Calkins, S. D. (2008). Temperament and externalizing behavior: Social preference and perceived acceptance as protective factors. Development Psychology, 44(4), 957-968. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.957   DOI
36 Berk, L. (1997). Child development (4th ed.). New York: Allyn and Bacon.
37 Brennan, P. A., Hammen, C., Andersen, M. J., Bor, W., Najman, J. M., & Williams, G. M. (2000). Chronicity, severity, and timing of maternal depressive symptoms: Relationships with child outcomes at age 5. Developmental Psychology, 36(6), 759-766. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.36.6.759   DOI
38 Buss, A. H. & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
39 Cai, X., Kaiser, A. P., & Hancock, T. B. (2004). Parent and teacher agreement on child behavior checklist item a sample of preschoolers from low-income and predominantly African American families. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(2), 303-312. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_12   DOI
40 Abidin, R. R. (1990). Introduction to the special issue: The stresses of parenting. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19(4), 298-301. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1904_1   DOI
41 Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEABA Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
42 Chae, J.-Y. (2009). Influences of fathers' attachment representations and parenting behaviors on preschoolers' attachment representations and social competence (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11809337
43 Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. V. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782-786. doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782   DOI
44 Smith, C. L., Calkins, S. D., Keane, S. P., Anastopoulos, A. D., & Shelton, T. L. (2004). Predicting stability and change in toddler behavior problems: Contributions of maternal behavior and child gender. Developmental Psychology, 40(1), 29-42. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.1.29   DOI
45 Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1977). Temperament and development. New York: Bruner/Mazel.
46 Wenar, C. (1982). Developmental psychology: Its nature and models. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 11(3), 192-201. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1103_1   DOI
47 Winsler, A., & Wallace, G. L. (2002). Behavior problem and social skills in preschool children: Parent-teacher agreement and relations with classroom observations. Early Education & Development, 13(1), 41-58. doi:10.1207/s15566935eed13013   DOI
48 Cheon, H. Y. (1992). The type of Korean children's temperament and mother's parenting attitude (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
49 Cho, M. J., & Kim, K. H. (1993). Diagnostic validity of the CES-D (Korean version) in the assessment of DSM-III-R major depression. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 32(3), 381-399. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A1996175
50 Choi, I. A., Lee, K. S., Shin, Y. J., & Park, J. A. (2012). Mental health of infants and their mothers depending on changes in mothers' pre-and post-natal depression. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 125-148. Retrieved from http://kiss.kstudy.com/
51 Lee, H. M., Park, H. W., Kim, M. K., Chang, Y. K., & Choi, Y. L. (2008). The stability of temperament during infancy: A short-term longitudinal study. Family and Environment Research, 46(7), 47-58. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82585282
52 Do, H. S., Shin, N. A., Park, A. K., Kim, M. J., & Kim, H. I. (2014). The effects of mothers' depression and parenting behavior on preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 35(4), 179-198. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100083579   DOI
53 Crane, J., Mincic, M. S., & Winsler, A. (2011). Parent-teacher agreement and reliability in the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) in English and Spanish for ethnically diverse children living in poverty. Early Education and Development, 22(3), 520-547. doi:10.1080/10409289.2011.565722   DOI
54 Kim, Y. (2007). A study on the relationships of the child's temperament, psychological family environment variables and behavior problems (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11340606
55 Kong, Y. S., & Lim, J. Y. (2013). The effects of temperament and executive function on preschooler's externalizing and internalizing problems: Focusing on testing latzman's problem behavior theory. The Korean Journal Child Education, 22(4), 5-24. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99871562
56 Kwon, H. J., & Chun, S. Y. (2015). A structural relationship between preschoolers's temperament, mothers' parenting competency, and externalizing behavior problems. Korean Journal of Childcare and Education, 11(6), 79-96. doi:10.14698/jkcce.2015.11.079   DOI
57 Meen, H. S. & Moon, Y. K. (2009). Effects of preschooler's temperament and mother's psychological characteristics on preschooler's problem behaviors. Korean Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 3(1), 137-158. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100223672
58 Lee, J. S., & Mun, B. G. (2010). The effects of preschoolers' temperament on behavior problems: The mediating roles of maternal emotion regulation strategies. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 23(4), 55-74. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100633998
59 Lee, K. O. (2014). Effects of postnatal depression on mental health of mothers and infants and mother-child relationship (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13387251
60 Lim, H. J. (2015). A study on factors affecting the internalizing problem behaviors and externalizing problem behaviors by the child's sex. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 35(2), 97-115. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A101005525   DOI
61 Na, Y. J., Lee, B. M., Jang, J. S., Choi, O. H., & Kim, W. W. (1993). A clinical study on the postpartum depression. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 36(10), 3539-3549. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A3359349
62 Nam, H. S. (2003). A difference of parenting stress dependent on children's temperament perceived by their mothers. The Korean Journal Child Education, 12(2), 121-135. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A40102280
63 Oh, J., & Shim, S. (2013). Children's social-emotional behavior problems and maternal related variables by mediating parenting efficacy. Journal of Korean Council for Children & Rights, 17(1), 79-108. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99599887
64 Ryu, K. (2015). The relation between young children's cognitive ability and behavior problem (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13674590
65 Oh, K. J., & Kim, Y. A. (2008). The Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for Ages 1.5-5 Manual. Seoul: Huno.
66 Park, H. (2010). Agreement between parents and teachers of school children's emotional/behavioral problems in Korea (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12127503
67 Park, M. J., & Kang, J. H. (2012). Effects of infant temperament, their parents' conflict and parenting behaviors on externalizing problem behaviors of infants. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 28(4), 331-352. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99602091
68 Davies, P. T., & Dumenci, L. (1999). The interplay between maternal depressive symptoms and marital distress in the prediction of adolescent adjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(1), 238-254. doi:10.2307/353897   DOI
69 Han, M.-O. (2000). A study on kindergarten children's aggressiveness through its observations by their mothers and teachers (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T8424460
70 Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (1994). Children and marital conflict. New York: The Guilford Press.
71 Dawson, G., Ashman, S. B., Panagiotides, H., Hessl, D., Self, J., Yamada, E., & Embry, L. (2003). Preschool outcomes of children of depressed mothers: Role of maternal behavior, contextual risk, and children's brain activity. Child Development, 74(4), 1158-1175. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00599   DOI
72 Eisenberg, N., Sadovsky, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Losoya, S. H., Valiente, . . . Shepard, S. A. (2005). The relations of problem behavior status to children's negative emotionality, effortful control, and impulsivity: Concurrent relations and prediction of change. Developmental Psychology, 41(1), 193-211. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.1.193   DOI
73 Loeber, R., & Hay, D. F. (1997). Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 371-410. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.371   DOI
74 Field, T. (1995). Infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behavior & Development, 18(1), 1-13. doi:10.1016/0163-6383(95)90003-9   DOI
75 Gilliom, M., & Shaw, D. S. (2004). Codevelopment of externalizing and internalizing problems in early childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 16(2), 313-333. doi:10.1017/S0954579404044530
76 Kingston, D., Tough, S., & Whitfield, H. (2012). Prenatal and postpartum maternal psychological distress and infant development: A systematic review. Child Psychiatry & Humman Development, 43(5), 683-714. doi:10.1007/s10578-012-0291-4   DOI