• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2006

A feeding trial was conducted to test the use of marine yeasts isolated from seawaters and sediments as a dietary source in cultivating a Cladocera, Moina macrocopa which is available as an alternative live food for fish larvae. The marine yeast-fed M. macrocopa had similar essential amino acid profiles to the documented values for Rotifers and Artemia enriched in microalgae and commercial diets. Erythrobacter sp. $S{\pi}-1$ lacked ${\omega}-3$ high unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), $20:5{\omega}-3$ (EPA) and $22:6{\omega}-3$ (DHA), which were also poor but detected in both the marine yeasts. An increase in the $20:5{\omega}-3$ and $22:6{\omega}-3$ levels, compared with the levels in marine yeast strains themselves, was more pronounced in the $22:6{\omega}-3$ level of Moina fed the Candida sp. Y-16, resulting in a high DHA:EPA ratio. When the Moina diets were switched, their ${\delta}^{13}C$ values shifted gradually toward the values of the switched diets. Diet switch from Erythrobacter sp. $S{\pi}-1$to Candide sp. Y.16 resulted in a more rapid turnover of Moina tissue carbon than that in the inverse case. When fed a mixed diet, the ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of Moina tissue approached the value of marine yeasts immediately. These temporal changes in the ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of Moina tissue indicate the preferential ingestion of marine yeasts and a selective assimilation of the carbon originated from marine yeasts. These findings suggest that marine yeasts, particularly Candida sp. Y-16, are highly available to mass cultures of M. macrocopa, providing better nutritional and dietaty values than the commercial diet (Erythrobacter sp. $S{\pi}-1$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.169-170
• /
• 2001

등푸른 생선 등에 많은 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, $C_{20-5}$ n-3), docosahexaenoic acid(DHA, $C_{22-6}$ n-3)등의 n-3계 지방산은 순환기 계통 질환의 위험인자를 제거해 주거나 혈청내 지질 구성이나 혈소판응집 기능에 변화를 주어 동맥경화증에 유익한 효과를 나타낸다고 알려져 있다. 특히 DHA는 망막 및 두뇌 인지질의 구성성분으로 실험동물의 학습능을 비롯한 뇌기능 향상에 기여한다고 한다. (중략)략)략)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.172-179
• /
• 2003

The safety of pufferfish (Lagocephalus gloveri) liver oil and the contents of some nutritional components were examined to obtain important information on their use as high valued functional foods. Pufferfish liver oil was extracted by the hot-water method using $1\%$ NaOH solution to remove toxic compounds, and then purified using a general purifying method of fish oil. Any extraordinary clinical symptoms were not observed from all groups administrated with pufferfish liver oil throughout the test period. None of the rats died when administrated the highest concentration of 10 mL/kg of the pufferfish liver oil. Vitamin A content was 114.2 ppm, as a retinal equivalent in the oil extracted using hot-water, but the content was higher (169.3 ppm) in oil extracted using n-hexane. Vitamin D and E were not detected in ppm in oil extracted using hot-water. Vitamin D in the pufferfish liver oil extracted using n-hexane was also undetected, but vitamin E was at 32.5 ppm. Among the 18 minerals detected, the sodium content was the highest at 253.5 ppm, followed by 13.9 ppm ofpotassium, 1.5 ppm of calcium, 0.2 ppm of magnesium, and other trace minerals. The contents of EPA and DHA were $0.8\%\;and\;14.8\%$, respectively, in the pufferfish liver oil extracted using hot-water. Considering these results, there is potential that pufferfish liver oil could be used as a functional food.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2002

We investigated the effect of fish oil (FOS) on growth performance, ruminal metabolism and fatty acid composition and physical characteristics of longissimus muscle in 10 steers and 10 bulls of Korean cattle. Concentrates diet was supplemented with FOS at 5% of the diet. FOS contained 3.34% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 24.87% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of total fatty acids by weight. Average daily weight gain and feed efficiency were not affected (p>0.871) by FOS, but feed intake was decreased. FOS had lower (p<0.003) pH and higher (p<0.001) $NH_3$-N than that of control. There was a treatment effect (p<0.001) for serum cholesterol concentrations. FOS increased (p<0.009) concentrations of n-3 fatty acids, including linolenic, EPA and DHA in longissimus muscle. Physical traits were significantly (p<0.015) changed by feeding FOS except for pH and lightness (L). We concluded that the fatty acid composition and physical properties of the muscle in fattening Korean cattle can be altered by feeding 5% FOS.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2004

Effects of supplementing selected fatty acids on fatty acid incorporation (17 days) , and progeny production (14 days) in Artemia franciscana (Great Salt Lake, USA) were studied. To compare with the control four diets, which differed in fatty acid composition alone contain Dunalieia tertiolecta and an emulsion either rich in OA (oleic acid, 18: 1 n-9), ARA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid,20:5n-3), or DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3). Each of these emulsions was supplemented at a ratio of 20 % of the daily dose of D. tertiolecta (% algal dry weight). The initial OA and ARA values were 33.5 and 1.7 mg/g DW of freshly-hatched nauplii, respectively. After 11 days of feeding, these values increased to 38.8 and 7.6 mg/g DW in Artemia receiving the fatty acid sup-plement rich in each of the respective fatty acids. After 14 days, the levels were almost doubled, reaching 62.8 and 13.4 mg/g respectively. On EPA supplementation, its level after 11 days of feeding was 14.3 and 17.3 mg/g in male and female, respectively and was 16.0 and 23.1 mg/g in the male and female after 14 days, respectively. The EPA accumulated more in the body (39.1 mg/g) than in ovisac (16.9 mg/g). In the DHA supplementation group also, DHA levels after 11 days of feeding were 3.1 and 5.5 mg/g in male and female, respectively. After 14 days, the DHA level continued to increase in male. but slightly decreased to 4.6 mg/g in female. It was not richer in ovisac (2.6 mg/g) than in the remaining body of female (4.6 mg/g). In conclusion, fatty acids supplied by a lipid emulsion as a supplement to the algal diet are well incorporated in the adult Artemia. Apart from being an extra source of energy, these emulsions may function as source of HUFA which may play an essential role for growth and progeny production (fecundity) of Artemia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.92-93
• /
• 2002

In order to study the effect of krill meal on the performance of layer, egg production, feed efficiency, and astaxanthin levels and fatty acid composition in egg yolk was investigated. During 12 weeks of experimental feeding period, dietary krill did not affected the performance of layer. The bird fed krill diet showed a decreased trend of feed consumption. Egg Yolk from birds fed the krill diet contained more astaxanthin and eicosapentaenoic acid(C20：5) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22：6). The results indicated the further research may be required on the reasons for the decreased feed intake.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.376-382
• /
• 2014

This study determined the level of fermented soybean meal (FSM) that could be substituted for fish meal in the diet for parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish meal (FM) was used the sole protein source in the control diet. FSM was substituted for 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the fish meal in the experimental diets. The FSM resulted in increased crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash, but decreased crude fiber. The methionine and tryptophan contents in the FSM increased, while lysine and threonine decreased. The 18:2n-6 fatty acid content decreased from 55.30% to 28.67%. Fermentation increased 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) by 2.03% and 15.54%, respectively, although the differences were not significant. Based on growth performance, we concluded that FSM could replace up to 60% of FM for the maximum growth of juvenile parrot fish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.1052-1058
• /
• 2005

Structured lipid (SL) was synthesized by enzymatic interesterification with algae oil containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and soybean oil in the stirred-batch type reactor. The reaction was performed for 15hr at $65^{\circ}C$ with 300 rpm catalyzed by sn-1,3 specific Lipozyme RM 1M lipase from Rhizomucor miehei ($11\%$ by weight of total substrates) in the absent organic solvent. SL contained $87.1\;area\%$ triacylglycerol (TAG), $12.1\;area\%$ diacylglycerol (DAG), $0.6\;area\%$ monoacylglycerol (MAG), and $0.2\;area\%$ free fatty acid (FFA). Major fatty acid profiles of SL were DHA $(15.7\;mol\%)$, linoleic $(31.1\;mol\%)$, palmitic $(20.2\;mol\%)$, oleic $(13.5\;mol\%)$ and eicosapentaenoic acid $(EPA,\;6.6 mol\%)$. SL contained the newly synthesized several peaks. Iodine and saponification of SL were 206.7 and 183.8. SL color showed darker and redder than soybean oil, and appeared the most yellowish color among SL, soybean, and algae oil.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.567-573
• /
• 1998

Cold storage of concentrated food phytoplanktons is a useful technique in supplying food organisms for artificial shellfish seed. One month after preservation at $4^{\circ}C$, we have measured survival rate of the concentrated food phytoplanktons, Pavlova lutheli, Isochrysis galbana, Isochrysis aff, galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans. Thereafter we determined survival rate of oyster lavae fed fresh and concentrated diets and fatty acid compositions of the fresh and concentrated food phytoplanktons. Survival rate of concentrated planktons ranged from $23\%$ to $31\%$ after one month at $4^{\circ}C$. The survival rate of oyster larvae fed cold stored food appeared generally higher than those fed fresh harvested food. Especially, the highest survival rate were found in the larvae fed cold stored concentrated I. aff. galbana. EPA and DHA increased after cold storage and the highest level of DHA was detected in I. aff. galbana. As DHA can role as an important factor in determing nutritional value, it would be better to use concentrated I aff, gaibana kept in cold refrigerator for oyster seed production.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.408-417
• /
• 1990

To compare the hypolipidemic effect of n6 linoleic acid n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid, male Sprague Dawley rats weighing about 450g were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks which composed of fat at 15%(W/W) level and were different only in dietary PUFA. Dietary fat was corn oil, perilla oil, and fish oil concentrate as a source of n6 linoleic acid, n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid, and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid, respectively. Plasma total Chol and HDL-chol levels were significantly-lower in fish oil group than in corn oil and erilla oil groups. Plasma cholesterol lowering effect of PUFa was in the order of n3 EPA+DHA>n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid>n6 linoleic acid. Plasma TG was significantly lower in both fish oil and perilla oil groups than in corn oil group. Plasma TG-lowering effect was greater by n3 PUFA (EPA+DHA, $\alpha$-linolenic acid) than by n6 PUFA(linoleic acid). However, there were no significant effects on lipoprotein pattern hemolysis, and the levels of tocopherol and malondialdehyde in plasma and RBC by difference dietary fat with sufficient tocopherol supplement. Liver superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in proportion to the degree of fat unsaturation, thereby resulted in the lower level of MDA in fish oil group. In conclusion, fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.