• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.372-377
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• 2016

The quality characteristics of chicken thigh frankfurters prepared with various concentrations of red pepper seed powder (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) were examined. With increasing levels of red pepper seed powder, moisture and ash contents of samples increased but protein contents significantly decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, the lightness of uncooked and cooked samples decreased with increasing concentrations of red pepper seed powder. Redness and yellowness values of uncooked and cooked samples containing 1.0% and 1.5% red pepper seed powder were significantly higher than those of control samples and samples containing 0.5% red pepper seed powder (p<0.05). The cooking yield and viscosity of the samples increased with increasing red pepper seed powder content. In conclusion, chicken thigh frankfurters containing 1.5% red pepper seed powder had better physicochemical properties than the other samples tested. Therefore, 1.5% red pepper seed powder is suitable additive for chicken thigh products.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2009

This paper described the formulation of functional cosmetics and evaluation of anti-wrinkle efficacy in clinical test. Cosmetics were formulated with highly purified $\beta$-carotene obtained from the culture broth of recombinant E.coli cells. Edible oil for solubilizing $\beta$-carotene, vitamine E for long-term storage, detergent/stabilizer (2.0%) for the complete formation of oil/water emulsion, dimethicone (0.35%) for good skin care, and sorbitol for skin moisturizer were also added as ingredients. Physical or chemical degradation of formulated products stored at $0^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, or $40^{\circ}C$ was not observed for 60-day testing period. In clinical test, 68% of applicants observed wrinkle decrease after 8-week treatment. This result indicates that newly formulated cosmetics have strong potential for improving wrinkle skin care.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

Colored rices are a hulled grains having red or purple pigments in bran. Especially black rice (Heugjinjubyeo) is considered to be a healthy food in Asia. Black rice is of great interesting because of the possible biological activity with their anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are water-soluble plant pigments and representatives of flavonoids. The anthocyanins in black rice include cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, pelagonidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside. In this study, anthocyanins in a black rice were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively with HPLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The anthocyanins contained approximately 95% of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and 5% of peonidin-3-O-glucoside. Antioxidant activities of the anthocyanin extract were investigated by using various in vitro methods. The 100g/ml concentration of the anthocyanin extracted exhibited 88.83% inhibition on the peroxidation of linoleic acid, 55.20% DPPH free radical scavenging activity, 54.96% superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and 72.67% hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. And it also showed high ferrous ion reducing capability. These results suggest that the anthocyanin extracted from black rice may be utilized as a possible antioxdiant agent against ROS.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.483-490
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to determine if a low-molecular weight casein hydrolysate has an anti- hypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Prior to the in vivo experiment, the casein hydrolysate was confirmed to be resistant to gastrointestinal digestion by confirming the retention of its potency as an inhibitor of angiotensin I-concerting enzyme after incubation with pepsin, trypsin, or chymotrypsin. The in vivo anti-hypertensive effect of the hydrolysate was determined by the tail cuff method. Following an oral administration of the hydrolysate solution, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 12.9% (－28.9mmHg; P<0.05) at 3 h after the administration at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight. When the hydrolysate was administered as an emulsion with 30% egg yolk, its anti-hypertensive effect was even more greater at the same dose(－30.8mmHg or －15.9%; P<0.01). In a 50-day long-term trial where the casein hydrolysate was administered once a day, the SBP-lowering effect of the hydrolysate was apparent (P<0.05) from day 35 through the end. Moreover, organ weights and plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities of the administered SHR were not significantly different from those of controls at the end of the long-term trial.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1998

The efficacy of conidia of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin strain CS-1 that showed high mortality in laboratory and net house was examined against diamondback moth larvae in the field. Conidia ($4{\times}10^{7}$ conidia/ml) were applied to larvae on chinese cabbage in a 1.5% emulsifiable oil-emulsion amended with 4% clay at a volume of 0.55 L/3.3 $m^{2}$. There were no significant differences among plants and replicates in the deposition of spray droplets on water-sensitive papers or of conidia on leaves and larvae. Weather conditions were rainy and cool during first few days, and then hot and dry. Persistence of conidia was equally short on both leaves and larvae. Nevertheless, treatment of B. bassiana potentially reduced larval populations. But the field efficacy was lower than the laboratory efficacy. This reduced efficacy was ascribed to unfavorable environmental conditions.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.672-676
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• 2015

Spherical phospholipid bilayers, vesicles, were formed with respect to phase of each layer via a double emulsion technique. The conversion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid (PA) at the outer layer, caused by phospholipase D (PLD), induced a curvature change in the vesicles, which eventually led them to fuse each other. The effect of the lipid layer physical-properties on the PLD-induced vesicle fusion was investigated using the fluorescence intensity change. 8-Aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid disodium salt(ANTS) and p-Xylene-bis(N-pyridinium bromide)(DPX) were encapsulated in the vesicles, respectively, for the quantification of the fusion. The fluorescence scale was calibrated with the fluorescence of a 1/1 mixture of ANTS and DPX vesicles in NaCl buffer taken as 100% fluorescence (0% fusion) and the vesicles containing both ANTS and DPX as 0% fluorescence (100% fusion), considering the leakage into the medium studied directly in a separate experiment using vesicles containing both ANTS and DPX. It was observed that the fusion occurred to the liquid-phase of the inner layer only. The fusion behaviors were very similar for both solid and liquid of the outer layer. However, the leakage was faster for the solid-phase outer-layer than the liquid-phase outer-layer. The difference in the leakage seems to be caused by the lipid concentration and the lateral diffusivity in the layer.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2012

This study is focused on finding new natural materials that have antimicrobial activity. We found that 3 plants extracts, Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch (M. sieboldii K. Koch), Rhus chinensis (R. chinensis) and Metasequioa glyptostroboides (M. glyptostroboides), have antimicrobial activities by disk diffusion method. We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentation (MIC) of each and found that 0.3 ~ 0.35 % of M. glyptostroboides essential oil and 0.35 ~ 0.4 % of M. sieboldii K. Koch extracts inhibited fungal growth and 0.45 ~ 0.5 % of R. chinensis extracts inhibited bacterial growth. We isolated compounds from extracts and verified what have antimicrobial activity. As a result we found that caryophyllene oxide and caryophyllene isolated from M. glyptostroboides, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone from M. sieboldii K. Koch and ethyl gallate, ethyl-3-gallate from R. chinensis have antimicrobial activities. In accordance with antimicrobial activity, O/W cosmetic emulsion containing mixture of 3 plants extracts showed preservative efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. Based on the above data we suggest that extracts from M. siebodii K. Koch, R. chinensis, and M. glyptostroboides, replace chemical synthetic preservatives and be applied as a natural preservative.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2007

In this study, we measured the anti-oxidative activity of Cirsium setidens and investigated its effect on UVA-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblats. And then we examined possible improvement in skin elasticity by topical treatment with fomular including Cirsium setidens extract. The ethanol extract of C. setidens showed free anion radical scavenging effect(87.47 % at 1 mg/mL) and superoxide anion radical scavenging effect(61.71 % at 1 mg/mL) in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. At the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$, C. setidens extract showed 95.54% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. UVA-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts was reduced to 54.69 % by treatment with 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ of C. setidens extract. A human clinical study, in which oil-in-water emulsion with C. setidens extract was topically applied, showed significant increase in skin elasticity. These results suggest that the C. setidens extract can be effective anti-aging ingredient for cosmetics applications.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2007

The relationship between texture and rheological properties of mascara(oil-in-water emulsion) was analyzed in this study. The final mascara product and gelling agents(2.0 wt%) used therein, such as hydroxyethylcellulose(HC), carboxymethylcellulose(CMC), hectorite, sodium magnesium silicate (SMS), hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer(HS), and polyacrylate 13/polyisobutene/polysorbate 20 (PPP), were measured for rheological properties. As a result, HS and PPP showed the highest adhesiveness which were related to the volumizing effect of mascara. The viscosities of HC, SMS, and HS were measured at the stress range of $1{\sim}1,000s^{-1}$. SMS, with the lowest storage modulus range of $100{\sim}1,000s^{-1}$, affected the mascara in terms of smooth texture. The results of this study suggest that the rheology of gelling agents used influences the final texture of the mascara.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

Oil-in-water nanoemulsions were prepared in the system of water/Span 80-Tween 80/long-chain paraffin oil via the PIC (phase inversion composition) method. With the increase of preparation temperature from $30^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$, the diameter of emulsion droplets decreased from 120 nm to 40 nm, proving the formation of nanoemulsions. By varying the HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance) of mixed surfactants, we found that there was an optimum HLB around 12.0 ~ 13.0 corresponding to the minimum droplet size. The viscosity of nanoemulsions clearly increased with droplet volume fraction, f, but the droplet size slightly increased. Significantly, at ${\phi}{\leq}0.3$, the size distribution of nanoemulsions kept constant more than 2 months. These results proved that the viscous paraffin oil can hardly be dispersed by the PIC method at $30^{\circ}C$, but the increase in preparation temperature makes it possible for producing monodisperse nanoemulsions. Once the nanoemulsion is produced, the stability against Ostwald ripening is outstanding due to the extremely low solubility of the liquid paraffin oil in the continuous phase. The highly stable nanoemulsions are of great importance in cosmetic applications.