• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.50-58
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to test that motor skill training enhance motor function and cerebellar development. Using an animal model of fetal alcohol syndrome-which equates peak blood alcohol concentrations across developmental period-critifical periods for the effect of alcohol on body and cerebellar weigh was examined. The effect of motor skill training on motor function and cerebellar development of rat exposed alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Newborn rats were assigned to one of two groups: (1) Control group (CG), via artificial rearing to milk formula and (2) experimental groups (EG), via 4.5g/kg/day of ethanol in a milk solution. After completion of the treatments, the pups were fostered back to lactating dams, and wearing they were raised in standard caged until they were postnatal 48 days. Rats from experimental group of postnatal treatment then spent 10 days in one of two groups: Experimental group II (EGII) was had got motor skill training (training traverse a set of 6 elevated obstacles) for 4 weeks. Experimental group I (EGI) was not trained. Before sacrificing, the rat got examined two behavioral test, body weigh and cerebellar weigh, then coronal sections were processed. The section was investigated the Purkije cell in the cerebellum using light microscope. The results of this study were as follows. 1. In body weight test, the outcome of alcohol groups were significantly lower than the normal group. 2. In cerebellar weight test, the outcome of EGI were significantly lower than CG and EGII. 3. In motor behavioral test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than NG and EGII. 4. In Purkinje cells counting test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than the NG and EGII. These result suggest that improved motor function induced by motor skill training after postnatal exposure is associated with dynamically altered expression of Purkinje cells and that is related with cerebellar function. Also, these data can potentially serve as a model for therapeutic intervention.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.363-370
• /
• 2017

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), a malignant tumor of biliary origin, has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. The KRAS oncogene is the most commonly mutated gene in ECC and one of the factors that predicts a poor prognosis and low survival rate. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is expressed in ECC cells and acts as an independent poor prognostic factor in predicting patient survival. In this study we investigate the functional significance of L1CAM in ECC cells with activating KRAS mutation. We selected an ECC cell line, EGI-1, with activating KRAS mutation, and then confirmed its expression of L1CAM by RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. The suppression of L1CAM expression (using a specific lentivirus-delivered shRNA) significantly decreased the migratory and invasive properties of EGI-1 cells, without altering their proliferation or survival. Analyses of signaling effectors in L1CAM-depleted and control EGI-1 cells indicated that L1CAM suppression decreased the levels of both phosphorylated MKK4 and total MKK4, together with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Further, exposure to a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) decreased migration and invasion of EGI-1 cells. These results suggest that L1CAM promotes cellular migration and invasion via the induction of MKK4 expression, leading to JNK activation. Our study is the first to demonstrate a functional role for L1CAM in ECC carrying the activating KRAS mutation. Given that KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in ECC, L1CAM may serve as an attractive therapeutic target for ECC cells with activating KRAS mutation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.1530-1537
• /
• 1998

Mixture formation is one of the significant factors to improve combustion performance of an spark ignition engine. This is affected by spray and atomization characteristics of injector. In the case of EGI system, air-fuel mixing period is so short that a lot of fuel-film and liquid-fuel flow into cylinder. Since this fuel-film is not burnt perfectly in cylinder, it is exhausted in the form of HC emission. In this paper, three measurement techniques were utilized to measure spray characteristics and the amount of fuel-film in the cylinder. At first, PMAS was used to measure the spray characteristics such as size distributions, SMD, and spray angle. Secondly the amount and distribution of fuel-film which flow into through intake valve could be measured quantitatively using the fuel-film measuring device. And lastly, by optical fiber type spark plug used to detect the diffusion flame, the amount of unburned HC was measured. As the result of these experiments, the information of optimal spray characteristics and injection condition to minimize fuel-film could be built up.

• Journal of the Korea Construction Safety Engineering Association
• /
• s.47
• /
• pp.36-39
• /
• 2008

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.200-207
• /
• 2004

Molybdate chemical conversion coating layer formed on EGI has been studied in view of corrosion resistance, surface morphologies, and phases formed. It was found that coating layer consists of$ MoO_3$, $MoO_2$, Mo oxides having lower valences than 4 and ZnO. It is interesting to note that the coating layer formed at high Mo concentration (30 g/l) in the temperature range of $40-60^{\circ}C$ exhibited relatively high corrosion resistance, although thickness of coating layer is nearly identical with those formed under the other conditions. It was believed that an increase of driving force due to high Mo concentration plays an important role in the formation of corrosion-resistant coating layer, probably due to tile formation of dense coating layer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.206-216
• /
• 2006

The primary purpose of this study is firstly, to ascertain the suitability of the IT BSC (balanced scorecard) methodology for the performance analysis of EGIS(environment geographic information system), secondly, to analyze the outcome of EGIS using the methodology, and finally to present guidelines for effectively managing the performance of EGIS. This study has rebuilt the IT BSC methodology based on the previous study on the performance analysis of GIS and EGIS whose performance over the past five years has been evaluated. According to the analysis, the integrated performance is estimated at 105.3 points. This figure indicates that the cumulative performance of EGIS is more than the baseline of goal, 100.0 points. The feature of this study is to develop a new methodology suitable for the EGIS performance analysis and to evaluate and quantify the total performance of EGIS objectively through the application of the new methodology.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation balance training by applying head control feedback to the balance function and the fall index in older people. Methods: The study was conducted on 26 older people at the S Hospital in Gyeongsansi. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental groupI (EGI, n=9), the experimental groupII (EGII, n=9), and the control group (CG, n=8). The three groups were trained for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. To assess the patients' static balance function, their limits of stability (LOS) was measured using the BioRescue system, (RM Ingenierie, France), composed of a pressure platform that can measure force in diverse ways, a computer, and a monitor. The dynamic balance function was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Also, the fall index was measured to evaluate the risk of falling. A paired t-test was performed to compare pre- and post-training performance within the groups. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparing the three groups. A post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was also performed. Results: The results of the LOS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI and EGII groups (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). The results of the BBS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI group (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual cue deprivation balance training applying head control feedback is effective in improving the dynamic balance function in older people. It is also necessary to constantly maintain the head orientation by feedback and to properly control the head movement.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 2020

GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indication) radar system can detect ground moving targets and can provide position and velocity information of each target. However, the azimuth position of target has some offset because of the hardware errors such as mechanical tolerances. In this case, an error occurs no matter how accurate the monopulse ratio is. In this paper, target position correction method in azimuth direction has been proposed. The received sum and difference signals of monopulse GMTI system are post-processed to correct the target azimuth angle error. This method is simple and adaptive for nonhomogeneous area because it can be implemented by using only software without any hardware modification or addition.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.88-90
• /
• 2007

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2004

New developments in IT already impact wide segments of a young and mobile population. It is evident that applications of information technology can be of equal benefit to the aged and the disabled. `Eye-Gaze'(EGI) technology was designed for people with paralysis in the upper body. There is a compeling need for a dedicated Korean Language interface for this system. The purpose of this study is to research 'Barrier Free' software using a control group of the mobility impaired to assess the Eye-Gaze Interface in the context of more conventional input methods. TheEGI of this study uses Quick Glance System of Eye Tech Digital Systems. The study will be evaluated on criteria based upon the needs of those with specific disabilities and mobility problems associated with aging. We also intend to explore applications of the Eye-Gaze Interface for English and Japanese devises, based upon our study using the Hangul phonology.