• 대한수학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.521-530
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• 2000

We find the values of numerical invariants col(R) and row (R) for R=k[te, te+1, t(e-1)e-1] where k is a field and e$\geq$4. We also show that col(R) = crs (R) and row (R) = drs(R), but they are strictly less than the reduction number of R plus 1.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 1996

Optical absorption and photoconductivity spectra of undoped and Co-doped Cd$_{4}$GeSe$_{6}$ single crystals, grown by the chemical transport reaction using iodine as a transporting agent, were investigated. At 20K, the optical energy gaps of the single crystals are 1.934eV for Cd$_{4}$GeSe$_{6}$ and 1.815eV for Cd$_{4}$GeSe$_{6}$ :Co$^{2+}$. The photoconductivity spectra of these single crystals were closely investigated over the temperature range 20-290K. At 20K, the photoconductivity peaks were located at 1.797eV, 1.347eV for Cd$_{4}$GeSe$_{6}$ and 1.815eV, I,.57eV, 1.46eV and 1.38eV for Cd$_{4}$GeSe$_{6}$ :Co$^{2+}$, respectively.ely.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2018

We define the $e^{\alpha}_1e^{\alpha}_3$-isotropic Smarandache curves of type-1 and type-2, the $e^{\alpha}_1e^{\alpha}_2e^{\alpha}_3$-isotropic Smarandache curve, and the $e^{\alpha}_1e^{\alpha}_2e^{\alpha}_4$-isotropic Smarandache curves of type-1 and type-2. Then we examine these kinds of isotropic Smarandache curve according to Cartan frame in the complex 4-space $\mathbb{C}^4$ and give some differential geometric properties of these Samarandache curves.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.4543-4553
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• 2023

The dose from a possible accident at a microwave-based spent resin mixture treatment facility that was to be installed and operated at the Wolsong nuclear power plant was analyzed to evaluate the radiological safety prior to its installation and operation. The dose to which workers and nearby residents are likely to be exposed was calculated based on the atmospheric dispersion and deposition factors using the XOQDOQ code. The highest atmospheric dispersion factors were 1.349E-05 s/m³ (workers) and 1.534E-06 s/m³ (residents). The highest doses due to emissions from the mock-up tank before operation were 1.91E-06 mSv (workers) and 1.78E-07 mSv (residents). Even after 3 h of operation, emissions from the mock-up tank had the greatest impact ranging from 4.63E-08 to 1.24E-06 mSv (workers) and 2.74E-10 to 1.16E-07 mSv (residents), respectively. The doses were 7.09E-09-4.55E-07 mSv and 4.18E-11-4.25E-08 mSv at 4-5 h of operation, and the maximum doses after operation reached 5.69E-07 mSv and 5.31E-08 mSv for the workers and residents, respectively. Even at the exclusion area boundary (EAB), 4.76E-08-9.51E-07 mSv (annual dose:9.52E-05–1.90E-03 mSv/y) was below the dose limit of the EAB, and the safety of the facility installation inside the NPP was confirmed.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays an important role in the development of allergic disorders including asthma. Cigarette smoking was reported to elevate serum IgE level and air pollutants such as $NO_{2}$ have been reported to modulate the immune system including inflammation. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were reported to affect inflammatory diseases including asthma. Therefore, in the present study we tried to investigate whether tobacco smoke or $NO_{2}$ exposure increases the level of IgE and the GST gene polymorphisms are associated with change of IgE level due to tobacco smoke or $NO_{2}$ exposure. We measured urinary cotinine, personal $NO_{2}$ exposure, and serum IgE levels in 300 healthy university students without allergic disorders. Allelic loss of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the GSTP1 (lle105Val) polymorphism were determined by PCR and RFLP. Total serum IgE levels were significantly different according to urinary cotinine levels (P=0.046), while $NO_{2}$ passive dosimeter level and genetic polymorphisms of three GSTs were not associated with total IgE level. Moreover, subjects with cotinine $500\;{\mu}g/g$ creatinine or more showed the highest level of total IgE when they had null type of GSTM1, null type of GSTT1, or variant type of GSTP1 (P<0.05). When we considered IgE level according to urinary cotinine levels in strata with the combinations of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms, the subjects with GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 variant types showed the largest difference between IgE levels of subpopulations according to cotinine levels (P=0.030). However, there was no significant difference between IgE levels of subpopulations according to $NO_{2}$ passive dosimeter levels in any group with combinations of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms. This result suggests that smoking increases allergic response measured as IgE level and combinations of the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorph isms modify the effect of smoking on serum IgE level.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2007

A total of 1,780 isolates of Enterococcus spp. were isolated from 63,133 clinical specimens from Dec 1, 2005 to Nov 1, 2006 in "C" hospital. Isolation frequencies of Enterococcus spp. were 50.9% for E. faecalis, 41.7% for E. faecium, and 7.4% for other Enterococcus spp. containing E. avium, E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, E. durans, E. hirae, and E. raffinosus. There were no significant difference between gender, but according to the age group analysis, Enterococcus spp. were more frequently isolated in patients over 50 years old (20.0~24.6%) than those isolated from the patients under the age of 0~49 (1.3~9.4%). In monthly analysis, Enterococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated in April (11.9%), but presented at lowest frequency in February (5.2%). Seasonal analysis did not show a significant difference. Over half of enterococci were isolated from random urine (44.9%) and catherterized urine (15.7%). Frequencies of vancomycin resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium were 0.1% and 31.0%, respectively. Teicoplanin resistant Enterococcus was 13.3% in E. faecalis, 17.6 % in E. faecium. The Enterococcus species showing over 80% susceptibility against antimicrobial agents were E. faecalis, E. durans and E. hirae in vancomycin; E. faecalis, E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, E. durans and E. hirae in ampicillin. The antimicrobial agent showing susceptibility against whole group of Enterococcus species was only linezolid (95.9%), and a selection of antimicrobial agent is necessary to do essential performance identification and susceptibility tests.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Protozoan parasite, the genus Eimeria, causes an intestinal disease, coccidiosis, in young broilers. Coccidiosis induces significant economic loss in poultry production. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in broilers in Gyeonggi province, Korea. Fecal samples from broilers at 94 farms were collected in two chicken slaughterhouses between March and June 2015. Eimeria infection was determined by microscopic examination and PCR using ITS-1 region. The prevalence of Eimeria was 58.5% (55 of 94). E. acervulina was identified in 96.4% of samples, E. tenella in 81.8%, E. maxima in 12.7%, E. praecox in 12.7%, E. brunetti in 5.5%, E. necatrix in 1.8%, and E. mitis in 1.8%. Body weight (BW) of broilers infected with both E. tenella and E. acervulina ($mean=1.53{\pm}0.19^Bkg$) was significantly lower than broilers with E. acervulina positive/E. tenalla negative ($mean=1.74{\pm}0.07^Akg$) or Eimeria negative ($mean=1.65{\pm}0.15^Akg$) (Duncan's multiple range test, P<0.01). High prevalence of Eimeria tenella and the impact on the broiler body weight shows the importance of this protozoa in broiler industry. Development of the periodic monitoring strategy and systemic management for the purpose of the prevention/eradication of Eimeria infection among broilers is required.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2013

In this thesis, we consider isoparametric curves of quadratic F-B$\acute{e}$zier curves. F-B$\acute{e}$zier curves unify C-B$\acute{e}$zier curves whose basis is {sint, cos t, t, 1} and H-B$\acute{e}$zier curves whose basis is {sinht, cosh t, t,1}. Thus F-B$\acute{e}$zier curves are more useful in Geometric Modeling or CAGD(Computer Aided Geometric Design). We derive the relation between the quadratic F-B$\acute{e}$zier curves and the quadratic rational B$\acute{e}$zier curves. We also obtain the geometric properties of isoparametric curve of the quadratic F-B$\acute{e}$zier curves at both end points and prove the continuity of the isoparametric curve.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1998

본 연구는 스트레스에 의해 발생하는 위궤양에 대한 Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)의 효과를 관찰하고자 시행되었다. 실험동물로는 Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰주 48마리를 사용하였으며 대조군(CO)과 3개의 투여군(E-1, E-2, E-3)으로 나누어 1996년 7월 29일부터 1996년 8월 25일까지 4주간 실험을 수행하였다. Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)는 1일 1회 경구투여하였으며, 각각 30mg/kg BW(E-1), 60mg/kg BW(E-1) 및 120mg/kg BW(E-3)의 농도를 수여하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 체중은 전 군에 걸쳐서 고르게 증가되었으며, 특히 실험시작 후 13일째의 체중증가량은 대조군에 비하여 Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)를 투여한 실험군 E-2가 매우 유의하게 높았고(p<0.01), 실험군 E-3도 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 식이효율은 2.12~3.02으로 군간에 유의한 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 2. 위, 간, 신장 및 비장의 중량을 측정한 결과 군간의 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않아TEk. 3. 위의 표면 pH를 측정한 결과 대조군에 비해서 Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)를 투여한 실험군에서 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 4. Alcian Blue Staining을 통한 위점액량 산출결과 Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)를 투여한 실험군이 대조군에 비해 전 농도에서 점액량이 높게 나타났으며, 실험군 E-1군은 유의하게 높았고 (p<0.05), 실험군 E-2의 경우 그 증가가 현저하였다(p<0.01). 이로써 Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)가 위의 점액생성을 촉진시키거나 위에 보호막을 형성함으로써 위궤양 발생저하에 기여하는 것으로 보여진다. 5. shear rate 11.25, 45.0, 90.0 및 $225.0\;sec^{-1}$에서 전혈점도 및 혈장점도를 측정한 결과 모든 shear rate에서 C군>E-3군>E-1군>E-2군의 경향성을 보였다 E-1(30mg/kg BW)군의 전혈점도는 대조군에 비하여 shear rate 11.25, $45.0\;sec^{-1}$에서는 매우 유의하게 감소하였고 (p<0.01), shear rate 90.0 , $225.0\;sec^{-1}$에서도 유의하게 감소되었다. (p<0.05). E-2(60mg/kg BW)군의 전혈점도는 대조군에 비하여 전 shear rate에서 매우 유의하게 감소되었다(p<0.01). E-3(120mg/kg BW)군의 전혈점도는 대조군에 비해 shear rate $11.25\;sec^{-1}$에서 매우 유의하게 감소되었고(p<0.01), shear rate 45.0, 225.0 sec-1에서도 유의하게 감소되었다. (p<0.05). 동일한 shear rate에서의 혈장점도는, E-1(30mg.kg BW)군은 대조군에 비해서 shear rate $90.0\;sec^{-1}$에서 유의하게 감소되었다. (p<0.05) E-2(60mg.kg BW)군의 혈장점도는 대조군에 비해 shear rate 90.0, $225.0\;sec^{-1}$에서 유의하게 감소되었다 (p<0.05). E-3(120mg.kg BW)군은 대조군에 비해 전 shear rate에서 모두 감소하였으나 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과로부터Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)가 스트레스하에서 발생하는 위의 미세혈관 혈류 흐름장애를 개선시켜 위궤양 발생저하에 기여하는 것으로 보여진다. 6. 전 실험군의 위를 조사한 결과 출혈을 동반한 궤양이 형성되었음을 관찰할 수 있었다. Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장) 투여군에서는 대조군에 비해서 궤양의 면적과 깊이가 다소 적은 경향을 나타내었다. 7. 위조직에 대한 병리조직학적 검사를 시행한 결과 Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)를 투여한 실험군에 비하여 대조군의 궤양이 매우 심함을 관찰할 수 있었고 E-2 군의 경우 궤양이 경미한 정도였다. 8. 위궤양의 지표로 사용한 pH, 위점액량, 전혈점도, 조직병리학적 소견 등을 종합한 결과, Opuntia dillenii Haw.(선인장)를 투여한 실험군이 대조군에 비해서 항궤양효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 치료양의 2배를 투여한 E-2(60mg.kg BW)군에서 효과가 가장 뛰어났다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2006

The differential effects of various fatty acids such as n-3 and n-6 types or degrees of unsaturation on the CYP2E1 induction and the production of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were investigated. The CYP2E1-transduced human hepatoma HepG2 cells (E47) were cultured in RPMI 1640 media containing different concentrations of various fatty acids up to 48 h incubation compared to 04 cells and CYP2E1-null cells. Treated fatty acids were linoleic acid (LA:n-6, C18:2), arachidonic acid (AA:n-6, C20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA:n-3, C22:6). The cell survival rate was decreased corresponding to the degree of unsaturation (LA>AA $\cong$DHA) and to LPO production in E47 and 04 cells. The four or five unsaturation degree of fatty acids, AA and DHA, caused time- and dose-dependent cell death in E47 cells but not as much as in C34 (without CYP2E1), suggesting an important role of CYP2E1 in the DHA mediated damage. In the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), AA also elevated LPO by 3- and 5- fold compared to DHA or LA treated E47 cells. However, AA did not increase LPO until 48 h incubation in C34 cells. In conclusion, the polyunsaturated fatty acids induced CYP2E1 induction might be changed by the elevated levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and oxidative stress through the connection of CYP2E1 and degrees of unsaturated fatty acids.