• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.559-570
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to derive the suggestion of satisfaction of e-book services on the basis of the recent literature on quality assessment for e-service which have been mainly studied on library realm. For this purpose, This study added post-management service which is applicable to measure satisfaction of e-book services based on E-S-Qual and Libqual. We expand our scope of service to using of e-book content and services for individual customers, and analyzed the relationship between satisfaction with the system, the content, the after-sale service. On this foundation, existing e-book service companies can offer their services more efficiently, thereby making the e-book content more diverse, along with developing specialized e-book service to increasing their customer's satisfaction. In addition, the latest and diversity is important as well. Moreover, performing rapid post-management services after the sale of the product or service, can be important variables for customer satisfaction. Therefore, not only the system and content, providing required level post-management services by customers can satisfy the existing customers and create new customers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.101-105
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• 2018

Price discount is one of the commonly used promotion strategies to increase sales and revenue. If a discount is perceived before the purchase (i.e., pre-purchase discount), consumers are likely to perceive it as a potential gain. If it is noticed after making a regular-priced purchase (i.e., post-purchase discount), consumers may develop negative emotions and attitudes. Based on the rising transparency and omnipresence of price and discount information through web and mobile platforms, we attempt to tackle an understudied topic on the negative effect of post-purchase price discount. Specifically, post-purchase discount information may increase consumers' perception of monetary loss, which may affect consumers' decision to return the product, potentially increasing the operating costs borne by retailers. Based on a close scrutinization of the current market environment and previous academic literature, we suggest a novel conceptual framework to understand consumers' perception, attitude, and behavior (perception of loss, willingness to return) upon perceiving various formats of discount promotion (absolute value vs. percentage discount) posterior to the purchase of a product. We also look at the effect of price level (low-priced vs. high-priced). For marketing practitioners, we intend to suggest optimal promotion formats that can alleviate consumers' negative perceptions and prevent additional operation costs.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2010

A mixture of several detoxified bacterial strains ($Sterodin^{(R)}$) has been studied for anti-inflammatory effect in Wistar rats on carrageenin, dextran and prostaglandin $E_1$ ($PGE_1$) induced edema in acute model and cotton pellet and carrageenin induced sub-acute model, while, Freund's adjuvant induced chronic model. The bacterial strains showed strong inhibitory activity in acute, sub-acute and chronic models of inflammation. Further, it reduced ${\alpha}1$ acid glycoprotein and ${\alpha}2$ macroglobulin levels in serum and prostaglandin $E_2$ in inflamed paw. These results indicated that the bacterial strains probably act through prostaglandin mediatory pathways and may be useful in treatment of inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.6 s.105
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• pp.145-152
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• 2006

Dyeing properties of sargent cherry of Prunus sargentii Rehder were investigated with silk fabrics. The absorbed wave lengths at UV-VIS spectrometer were 362nm, 386nm, 430nm, and 512nm. The K/S value showed high in following conditions: 100%(w/w) stock solution, 60 minutes of dyeing time, 80$^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature, and 5 times of dyeing repetition. The K/S value showed higher in post-mordant than in pre-mordant, and the change of color did not appear in pre-mordant samples. They were colored greenish yellow in post-mordanted Cu and Fe. The highest dyeability and $\Delta$E showed in post-mordanted Fe. The light fastness showed 3-4 in post-mordanted Fe, 1-2 in pre-mordanted Al, and washing and perspiration fastnesses showed also good results in post-mordanted Fe.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.766-772
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• 1996

Undoped $SnO_x$ thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrate by using reactive ioassisted deposition technique (R-IAD). In order to investigate the effect of initial oxygen content and heat treatment on the oxidation state and crystalline structure of tin oxide films, $SnO_x$ thin films were post-annealed at 400~$600^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr. in a vacuum ~$5 \times 10^{-3}$ -3/ Torr or were directly deposited on the substrate of $400^{\circ}C$ and the relative arrival ration ($Gamma$) of oxygen ion to Sn metal varied from 0.025 to 0.1, i.e., average impinging energy ($E_a$) form 25 to 100 eV/atom. As $E_a$ increased, the composition ratio of $N_ON{sn}$ changed from 1.25 to 1.93 in post-annealing, treatment and 1.21 to 1.87 in in-situ substrate heating. In case of post-annealing, the oxidation from SnO to $SnO_2$ was closely related to initial oxygen contents and post-annealing temperature, and the perfect oxidation of $SnO_2$ in the film was obtained at higher than $E_a$=75 eV/atom and $600^{\circ}C$. The temperature for perfect oxidation of $SnO_2$ was reduced as low as $400^{\circ}C$ through in-situ substrate heating. The variation of the chemical state of $SnO_x$ thin films with changing $E_a$'s and heating method were also observed by Auger electron spectroscopy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Purpose: This study analyses the current development of cross-border e-commerce in China, outlines the challenges faced by Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs, and finally summarises the development strategies of Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs in the post-covid-19 era, which will provide opinion references for the development of Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs. Research design, data and methodology: The methodology used in this study is to analyse the current situation of cross-border e-commerce development in China in the context of covid-19 through literature; and to summarise the challenges encountered by Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs through semi-structured interviews. Results: The article summarises the current status of China's cross-border e-commerce development in the context of covid-19 in terms of cross-border e-commerce trade volume, cross-border e-commerce enterprise and user scale, cross-border e-commerce logistics, cross-border e-commerce global co-operation, government policy, and cross-border e-commerce product distribution, outlining challenges encountered by China's cross-border e-commerce SMEs in terms of logistic pricing, operating capital chain, product service support, and trade protection The paper Finally, it is pointed out that Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs must adopt new strategies to adapt to the new development in the context of covid-19. Conclusions: Specific development strategies are provided for Chinese cross-border e-commerce enterprises and reference suggestions are provided for the post-covid-19 era.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.368-372
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• 2015

In this paper, we proposed a post-processing technique for improving classification performance of electronic nose (E-Nose) system which may be occurred drift signals from sensor array. An adaptive radial basis function network using stochastic gradient (SG) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to process signals from sensor array. Due to drift from sensor's aging and poisoning problems, the final classification results may be showed bias and fluctuations. The predicted classification results with drift are quantized to determine which identification level each class is on. To mitigate sharp fluctuations moving-averaging (MA) technique is applied to quantized identification results. Finally, quantization and some edge correction process are used to decide levels of the fluctuation-smoothed identification results. The proposed technique has been indicated that E-Nose system was shown correct odor identification results even if drift occurred in sensor array. It has been confirmed throughout the experimental works. The enhancements have produced a very robust odor identification capability which can compensate for decision errors induced from drift effects with sensor array in electronic nose system.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.85-102
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• 2013

This study proposes a web presence readiness model based on pre-payment service functions and a post-payment service function both of which embrace the major concerns of customers in the online purchasing context. Based on the concept of customer utility from the product itself and instrumental utility, the research model suggests four antecedents including, Perceived Economic Benefits, Product Search Support Quality, e-Shopping Method Diversity, and Post-Payment Support Quality. We empirically examined a proposed research model using data collected from online rating company websites. Among the four antecedents, post payment support quality is found to be the most influential determinant of customer evaluation on e-commerce websites. Based on the empirical results, the current study proposes an alternate model of web presence readiness. The findings of this study may provide an insight to field practitioners designing commercial websites. The implications and future research directions are further discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1277-1289
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• 2010

This study investigates the effects of e-CRM on consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention depending on gender differences. A total of 400 surveys were distributed and 382 were used in the analysis. Surveys were conducted on the respondents who had purchased apparel from an internet website within six months. A factor analysis, reliability test, and path analysis were used in the study to analyze the data. After the factor analysis, 6 factors were found under e-CRM activities; benefit and advice, customer contact, service, post-purchase management, assistance with the purchase, and discriminative treatment. The results of this study showed that for male consumers, service and post-purchase management had a positive effect on consumer satisfaction that in turn had a positive effect on repurchase intention. However, for female consumers, benefit and advice, customer contact, service, and discriminative treatment had a positive effect on consumer satisfaction that in turn had a positive effect on repurchase intention. The results also showed that post-purchase management had a positive direct effect on repurchase intention for both genders.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.19 no.1E
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• pp.3-9
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• 2007

This paper presents a numerical procedure for analyzing the joints between precast post-tensioned segments. A computer program for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures was run for this problem. Models of material nonlinearity considered in this study include tensile, compressive and shear models for cracked concrete and a model for reinforcing steel with smeared crack. An unbonded tendon element based on the finite element method, that can describe the interaction between the tendon and concrete of prestressed concrete member, was experimentally investigated. A joint element is newly developed to predict the inelastic behavior of the joints between segmental members. The proposed numerical method for the joints between precast post-tensioned segments was verified by comparison of its results with reliable experimental results.