• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.569-594
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• 2014

Damage detection methods based on modal analysis have been widely studied in recent years. However the calculation of mode shapes in real structures can be time consuming and often requires dedicated software programmes. In the present paper the combined application of proper orthogonal decomposition and gapped smoothing method to structural damage detection is presented. The first is used to calculate the dynamic shapes of a damaged structural element using only the time response of the system while the second is used to derive a reference baseline to which compare the data coming from the damaged structure. Experimental verification is provided for a beam case while numerical analyses are conducted on plates. The introduction of a stiffener on a plate is investigated and a method to distinguish its influence from that of a defect is presented. Results highlight that the derivatives of the proper orthogonal modes are more effective damage indices than the modes themselves and that they can be used in damage detection when only data from the damaged structure are available. Furthermore the stiffened plate case shows how the simple use of the curvature is not sufficient when analysing complex components. The combined application of the two techniques provides a possible improvement in damage detection of typical aeronautical structures.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.419-433
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• 2020

Investigation of structural integrity has been a critical issue in the field of civil engineering for years. Visual inspection is one of the most available methods to explore deteriorative components in structures. Still, this method is not applicable to invisible damage of structures. Alternatively, system identification methods are capable of tracking modal properties of structures over time. The deviation of these dynamic properties can serve as indicators to access structural integrity. In this study, a modal tracking technique using frequency-domain system identification from seismic responses of structures is proposed. The method first segments the measured signals into overlapped sequential portions and then establishes multiple Hankel matrices. Each Hankel matrix is then converted to the frequency domain, and a temporal-average frequency-domain Hankel matrix can be calculated. This study also proposes the frequency band selection that can divide the frequency-domain Hankel matrix into several portions in accordance with referenced natural frequencies. Once these referenced natural frequencies are unavailable, the first few right singular vectors by the singular value decomposition can offer these references. Finally, the frequency-domain stochastic subspace identification tracks the natural frequencies and mode shapes of structures through quick stabilization diagrams. To evaluate performance of the proposed method, a numerical study is carried out. Moreover, the long-term monitoring strong motion records at a specific site are exploited to assess the tracking performance. As seen in results, the proposed method is capable of tracking modal properties through seismic responses of structures.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2019

Condition monitoring has been recognized as an effective and low-cost method to enhance the reliability and improve the maintainability of power electronic converters. In power electronic converters, high-frequency oscillation occurs during the switching transients of power transistors, which is known as ringing. The ringing frequency mainly depends on the values of the parasitic capacitance and stray inductance in the oscillation loop. Although circuit stray inductance is an important factor that leads to the ringing, it does not change with transistor aging. A shift in either the inside inductance or junction capacitance is an important failure precursor for power transistors. Therefore, ringing frequency can be used to monitor the health of power transistors. However, the switching actions of power transistors usually result in a dynamic behavior that can generate oscillation signals mixed with background noise, which makes it hard to directly extract the ringing frequency. A frequency extraction method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is simple and has a high precision. Simulation results are given to verify the ringing analysis and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2014

유한요소 해석 기술의 발달에 따라 수치해석은 실구조물의 상태파악 및 유지관리에 중요한 요소가 되었다. 이러한 유한요소 해석모델을 이용하여 실 구조물의 상태 파악하고 수치 실험을 행하기 위해서는 계측 응답을 바탕으로 수치해석 모델의 개선이 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 새롭게 개발된 단변분 탐색법을 기반으로 반복적 개선을 수행하면서도 미분함수를 작성하지 않아도 되는 새로운 수치해석모델 개선기법을 소개하고, 동적안정성 분석을 통하여 고속철도교량에서의 적용성을 검토하였다. 정확한 동특성 분석을 위하여 무선계측시스템과 계측점 이동법을 이용한 세밀한 계측을 실시하고, 상관성 검토 및 모드분해기법을 활용하여 고유진동수와 모드형상을 추정하였다. 설계자료를 바탕으로 구축된 수치해석 초기 모델을 추정된 동특성과 개발된 수치해석 모델 개선 기법을 이용하여 모델 개선을 수행하였으며, 개선된 모델을 이용한 수치 실험 결과와 실 교량에서의 응답과 비교하여 수치해석 모델 개선 기법의 적용성을 검토하였다. 또한, 개선된 모델의 유용성을 검토하기 위하여 고속철도교량의 동적안정성 분석을 실시하여 성공적으로 수행할 수 있었다. 개발된 수치해석 모델 개선기법의 적용성을 추가적으로 검증된다면, 다양한 구조물 및 교량에서 개발된 수치해석 모델 개선기법을 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2494-2504
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• 2014

P38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase is an important anti-inflammatory drug target, which can be activated by responding to various stimuli such as stress and immune response. Based on the conformation of the conserved DFG loop (in or out), binding inhibitors are termed as type-I and II. Type-I inhibitors are ATP competitive, whereas type-II inhibitors bind in DFG-out conformation of allosteric pocket. It remains unclear that how these allosteric inhibitors stabilize the DFG-out conformation and interact. Organosilicon compounds provide unusual opportunity to enhance potency and diversity of drug molecules due to their low toxicity. However, very few examples have been reported to utilize this property. In this regard, we performed docking of an inhibitor (BIRB) and its silicon analog (Si-BIRB) in an allosteric binding pocket of p38. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the dynamic behavior of the simulated complexes. The difference in the biological activity and mechanism of action of the simulated inhibitors could be explained based on the molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) binding free energy per residue decomposition. MM/GBSA showed that biological activities were related with calculated binding free energy of inhibitors. Analyses of the per-residue decomposed energy indicated that van der Waals and non-polar interactions were predominant in the ligand-protein interactions. Further, crucial residues identified for hydrogen bond, salt bridge and hydrophobic interactions were Tyr35, Lys53, Glu71, Leu74, Leu75, Ile84, Met109, Leu167, Asp168 and Phe169. Our results indicate that stronger hydrophobic interaction of Si-BIRB with the binding site residues could be responsible for its greater binding affinity compared with BIRB.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 이산 웨이브렛 변환을 이용하여 원통형 동기발전기 회전자 권선의 층간단락을 진단하는 방법에 대해 기술하였다. 제안하는 방법에서는 회전자 권선의 층간단락 진단을 위해 다중해상도 분석을 이용하여 회전자 전류를 여러 스케일 영역으로 분할한 후, 각 영역에서의 신호의 에너지 값을 비교하였다. 실험적인 결과는 특정 회전자 슬롯 내에 25%, 42%, 67%, 83%, 99%단락이 발생한 경우와 정상적인 경우를 비교한 것으로, 그 편차는 층간단락 비율에 반비례하여 나타났다. 이러한 실험적인 결과는 제안한 이산 웨이브렛 변환을 이용한 방법이 원통형 동기발전기 회전자 권선의 충간단락 진단에 적절함을 보여준다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제37권3_4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1995

Natural ground is a composite consisted of the three phases of water, air and soil paircies. Among the three components, water as a material is weU understood but soil particles are not in foundation engineering. Especially, weathered granite soil generally shows a large volumetric expansion when they freeze. And, the stability and durability of the soil have shown decreased with repetitive freezing and thawing processes. These unique charcteristics may cause various construction and management problems if the soil is used as a construction material and foundation layers. This project was initiated to investigate the soil's physical and engineering characteristics resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing processes. Research results may be used as a basic data in solving various problems related to the soil's unique characteristics. The following conclusions were obtained: The degree of decomposition of weathered granite soil in Kangwon-do was very different between the West and East sides of the divide of the Dae-Kwan Ryung. Soil particles distributed wide from very coarse to fine particles. Consistency could be predicted with a function of P200 as LL=0.8 P200+20. Permeability ranged from 10-2 to 10-4cm/sec, moisture content from 15 to 20% and maximum dry density from 1.55 to 1.73 g /cmΥ$^3$ By compaction, soil particles easily crushed, D50 of soil particles decreased and specific surface significantly increased. Shear characteristics varied wide depending on the disturbance of soil. Strain characteristics influenced the soil's dynamic behviour. Elastic failure mode was observed if strain was less than 1O-4/s and plastic failure mode was observed if strain was more than 10-2/s. The elastic wave velocity in the soil rapidly increased if dry density became larger than 1.5 g /cm$^3$ and these values were Vp=250, Vg= 150, respectively. Frost heave ratio was the highest around 0 $^{\circ}C$ and the maximum frost heave pressure was observed when deformation ratio was less than 10% which was the stability state of soil freezing. The state had no relation with frost depth. Over freezing process was observed when drainage or suction freezing process was undergone. Drainage freezing process was observed if freezing velocity was high under confined pressure and suction frost process was occurred if the velocity was low under the same confined process.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

슬로싱과 같은 액체의 동적 거동을 측정하고 제어하는 연구가 다양한 공학분야에서 활발히 진행중이다. 건축공학분야에서도 건축물의 풍진동을 저감시키는 동조액체감쇠기의 연구에 액제 진동이 측정되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 파고 측정 센서의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 레이저 장비 중 LDV와 스캐닝 장비 중 갈바노미터스캐너를 이용하여 동조액체감쇠기 내의 액체 진동을 측정하는 방법을 제안하고 검증하였다. LDV가 속도와 변위를 측정하는 원리를 기술하였고 갈바노미터스캐너의 구동 원리에 따라 LDV의 단일 포인트로 다점측정이 가능한 시스템을 구성하였다. 동조 액체감쇠기의 4점 액체 진동을 측정하여 각 점의 시간 영역 데이터를 기존에 사용하던 비디오 센싱 데이터와 비교하였고 파형 분석을 통해 진행파와 정상파를 구별할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 측정 딜레이가 있는 데이터를 상호 상관을 취하여 특이값 분해를 하고 이론 및 비디오 센싱 결과와 일치하는 고유진동수와 모드형상을 도출하였다.