• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.114-126
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• 2020

With the growth of information technology, people consume online video contents via mobile phone without time and location constraints. Drawing upon uses and gratification theory, this study examines the effects of usage motives and affinity on user activities on YouTube. Specifically, user activities are subdivided into pre-viewing and during-viewing activities in this study. Results show that convenient entertainment and social interaction are the significant indicators for pre-viewing activities, whereas five different motives significantly influence during-viewing activities. Furthermore, affinity is the significant determinant of the both activities. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.321-334
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• 2005

This research investigated television and video viewing of young children in early childhood all-day program settings and teachers' recognition of its effects on young children through the survey of 452 early childhood teachers. The results show that television and video viewing is used as a whole group activity during transition period and/or waiting time activity for children who come earlier in the morning and remain late until closing time. It means television and video viewing at early childhood settings is mainly used as a group baby sitter or pacifier. Daily viewing time is about 44.02 minutes and early childhood teachers show low recognition of their role in children's viewing habits. Young children's viewing patterns and time are differed by teachers' variables so that young children of beginning teachers at small size settings appear more viewing time. Teachers show more negative recognition of television and video viewing on young children when they are older and have higher educational level and longer education experiences. The results also show that the more teachers have positive recognition on television and video viewing, the more young children are exposed to television and video viewing in their classes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.370-379
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• 2000

Autonomic responses were analyzed in 323 college students exposed to visual stimulation with Korean Affective Picture System (KAPS). Cardiac, vascular and electrodermal variables were recorded during 30 sec of viewing affective pictures. The same slides intended to elicit basic emotions (fear, anger, surprise, disgust, sadness, happiness) were presented to subjects in 2 trials with different experimental context. The first time slides were shown without any instructions (passive viewing), while during the second with instruction to exert efforts to magnify experienced emotion induced by pictures (active viewing). The aim of the study was to differentiate autonomic manifestations of emotions elicited by KAPS stimulation and to identify the role of instructed emotional engagement on physiological response profiles. The obtained results demonstrated reproducibility of responses in both trials with different contexts. Pairwise comparison of physiological responses in emotion conditions revealed the most pronounced differentiation for "ear-anger" and "fear-sadness" pairs (in electrodermal and HR variability parameters). "Fear-surprise" pair was also well differentiable. The typical response profile for all emotions included HR acceleration (except happiness and surprise), an increase of electrodermal activity, and a decrease of pulse volume. Higher cardiovascular and electrodermal reactivity to fear observed in this study, e.g., as compared to data with IAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of KAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of KAPS in producing certain emotions such as fear in Koreans.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2003

Ultrasonic pulsed Doppler velocimetry has become a standard international method of classifying carotid disease. Because the measured angle adjusted velocity increases as the Doppler angle increases, examinations should be performed at a convenient standard Doppler examination angle. An angle of 60 degrees is achievable throughout most examinations. Multiple Doppler viewing angles allow the acquisition of velocity vectors during the cardiac cycle, revealing the complex velocity patterns. Ultrasonic velocimetry (whether Doppler or time domain) is based on changes in the phase of the ultrasound echo. Other examinations can be done based on the echo phase. Slow motions of organs such as the brain can be used to monitor changes in edema. Measurements of tissue strain due to the pulsatile filling of the arterioles. This plethysmographic imaging method can display differences in tissue perfusion because of different tissue types and changes in autonomic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.262-270
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• 2015

In this paper existing buildings, not a new buildings and house for living people not just a displaying and a viewing, created by the imagine effect or virtual simulation was applied various Active and Passive elements. After constructing zero-energy houses, through default case happened during operation period it is described problems and solutions about field part, work classification, installation by Location part, and Installation equipment part. Since then, to take advantage of this thesis, it's the purpose of this paper using as the baseline data for building a zero-energy house in another similar case.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.639-649
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• 2021

Background and objective: Various images from visual display terminals (VDTs) as well as living lighting are important parts of our daily life; thus, properly controlling the lighting environment - that is, illuminance, color temperature and good images from VDTs - can have a substantial effect on improving the mental health and work efficiency in everyday life. We examined electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses to various lighting conditions in 25 university students as they viewed images of a green landscape or traffic congestion. Methods: EEG was performed in darkness and when the room was illuminated with 10 different light-emitting diode (LED) color temperatures, while the EEG and HRV responses to green landscape or traffic congestion image stimuli were measured in darkness and during room illumination with three different LED color temperatures. Results: We found a significant difference between darkness and high LED illumination (400 lx) at 7 (CZ, F4, FZ, O1, O2, OZ, and T6) of 30 channels, while the alpha wave activity increased during darkness. In the second experiment, the green landscape image stimuli in the 30 lx-2600 K lighting condition elicited theta wave activity on the EEG, whereas the traffic congestion image stimuli under high LED illumination elicited high beta and gamma wave activities. Moreover, the subjects exhibited better stress coping ability and heart rate stability in response to green landscape image stimuli under illuminated conditions, according to their HRV. Conclusion: These results suggest that lower color temperatures and illumination levels alleviate tension, and that viewing green landscape image stimuli at low illumination, or in darkness, is effective for reducing stress. Conversely, high illumination levels and color temperatures are likely to increase tension and stress in response to traffic congestion image stimuli.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.192-200
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• 2013

Objectives: To measure the prevalence of behavioural risk factors for obesity among urban adolescent school children in Chennai, India. Methods: This study was performed as a cross-sectional study using a World Health Organization-designed Global School-based Student Health Survey questionnaire (modified for India) among adolescent school children studying in 30 randomly selected secondary and higher secondary schools in Chennai city. 1842 adolescents studying in the VIII to XII standards were randomly selected for the study. Results: In the present study, 40.7% of the students ate fruit one or more times per day and 74.5% of the students ate vegetables one or more times per day. Nearly 20% of the students ate fast food items on 4 to 7 days during the previous week. Among the students, 30.4% watched television for more than two hours per day. Nearly 68% of the girls and 22% of the boys did not participate in outdoor sports activities. When the pattern of physical activity of the students was assessed, it was observed that 15.6% were inactive, 43.4% were minimally active, and the remaining 41.0% belonged to the category of health enhancing physical activity. Among the students, 6.2% were overweight and 5.2% were obese. Conclusions: The prevalence of risk factors for obesity was quite high among the adolescents. This study also showed that a great proportion of overweight/obese adolescents had a correct perception of their body weight and they were making efforts to modify risk factors such as television viewing, computer use, a sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy dietary habits.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of leisure programs over 8 weeks on elderly women 60 and over who lived in a rural area. Did the program affect feelings of depression and self-esteem? Method: The leisure programs in this study included rhythm gymnastics for elderly women, recreation, balloon art, paper folding, viewing movies, shuttle cock game, exhibition and evaluation activity. As a Quasi-Experimental study, the design of this study was a Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Results: It was shown that leisure programs for elderly women for 8 weeks, consisting of rhythm gymnastics, self-introduction, hobby activities and recreation can reduce depression and enhance the feeling of self-esteem in elderly women in the rural area. Conclusion: It is concluded that public health centers in rural areas should conduct leisure programs during the farmers' slack season, and that the community halls for elders can contribute to improving the life quality of elderly women by being more affirmative and positive if they develop as healthy and active cultural centers where elderly women will want to come and participate.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school teachers' perception and the status of education program on science museum field trips by using a questionnaire (188 teachers) and interview (6 teachers). The results of the research are as follows. First, factors influencing elementary school teachers who choose the science museum as a place for field trips were 'student's interest', 'teacher's own experience related to the science museum', 'science curriculum', 'suggestions from a fellow teacher', 'space available for field work' and so on. Second, 82% of the respondents conducted pre-education program, but they mainly conducted safety education. Third, the teacher conducted post-education program less than pre-education program. In the post-education program, the most activities were to express and share knowledge and experience gained from the science museum. Fourth, 52.2% of the teachers provided tasks or activity sheets during science museum field trips. Fifth, the teachers mainly served as safety guide. In addition, the teachers thought that safety guide was the most important role of teacher in science museum field trips. Sixth, the teachers thought that the method of viewing the science museum's collection, which emphasizes the role of docent rather than the teacher, was more educational.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.413-425
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• 2017

Objectives: Accurate assessment of energy expenditure is important for estimation of energy requirements in athletic children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of accelerometer for prediction of selected activities' energy expenditure and intensity in athletic elementary school children. Methods: The present study involved 31 soccer players (16 males and 15 females) from an elementary school (9-12 years). During the measurements, children performed eight selected activities while simultaneously wearing the accelerometer and carrying the portable indirect calorimeter. Five equations (Freedson/Trost, Treuth, Pate, Puyau, Mattocks) were assessed for the prediction of energy expenditure from accelerometer counts, while Evenson equation was added for prediction of activity intensity, making six equations in total. The accuracy of accelerometer for energy prediction was assessed by comparing measured and predicted values, using the paired t-test. The intensity classification accuracy was evaluated with kappa statistics and ROC-Curve. Results: For activities of lying down, television viewing and reading, Freedson/Trost, Treuth were accurate in predicting energy expenditure. Regarding Pate, it was accurate for vacuuming and slow treadmill walking energy prediction. Mattocks was accurate in treadmill running activities. Concerning activity intensity classification accuracy, Pate (kappa=0.72) had the best performance across the four intensities (sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous). In case of the sedentary activities, all equations had a good prediction accuracy, while with light activities and Vigorous activities, Pate had an excellent accuracy (ROC-AUC=0.91, 0.94). For Moderate activities, all equations showed a poor performance. Conclusions: In conclusion, none of the assessed equations was accurate in predicting energy expenditure across all assessed activities in athletic children. For activity intensity classification, Pate had the best prediction accuracy.