• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 2019

A barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Youjin' with hooded spike type having good silage quality was developed at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. 'Youjin' showed both high yielding and cold resistance through the preliminary and advanced yield trials(PYT, AYT) from 2012 to 2013. We conducted regional yield trials(RYT) of 'Youjin' in six locations around Korea for three years from 2014 to 2016. It had erect plant type, growth habit of II, the green leaf and hooded awn type. In the paddy field its heading date was April 24 and the maturing date was May 25. Plant height was 99 cm and the number of spikes per ㎡ was 696. It has high rate of leaf blades, resistance to BaYMV(Barley Yellow Mosiac Virus) and good winter hardiness. The average dry matter of Youjin was about 17.2 MT ha^-1 in the field. And feed quality of 'Youjin' was 10.6% of crude protein content, 24.8% of ADF(Acid Detergent Fiber), 43.5 % of NDF(Neutral Detergent Fiber), 69.1% of TDN(Total Digestible Nutrients). And also 'Youjin' had grade I of silage quality.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2013

This study was conducted to estimate organic Hanwoo carrying capacity when whole crop wheat and triticale as winter forage crops were grown on different applying sources (no fertilizer, organic fertilizer or cattle slurry), and mixed sowing in combination with hairy vetch and forage pea at the level of 50% cattle slurry application during the period of 2009~2011. The experimental plots were consisted of 5 treatments. Each treatment was triplicates and allocated in the randomized complete block design. For whole crop wheat, annual mean dry matter (DM) yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher for fertilizer application treatments than for no fertilizer treatment, and crude protein (CP) yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher for forage pea and hairy vetch-mixed sowing treatments than for no fertilizer and organic ferilizer treatments. Mean CP, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) contents of legumes-mixed sowing treatments was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. As diets replaced with 70% whole crop wheat were provided for 450kg of Hanwoo heifers, legumes-mixed sowing treatments could raise more heifers than organic fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. For triticale, annual mean DM, CP and TDN yields were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fertilizer application treatments than for no fertilizer treatment, and CP content of legumes-mixed sowing and cattle slurry application treatments was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of other treatments. When 450kg of Hanwoo heifers were fed on diets replaced with 70% triticale, it was estimated that legumes-mixed sowing treatments at the level of 50% cattle slurry application could rear average 3.3~3.4 heads/ha/year, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than no fertilizer treatment (2.5 heads/ha/year). It was indicated that DM yields of whole crop wheat and triticale were much more effective in cattle slurry application than organic fertilizer, and Legumes-mixed sowing at the level of 50% cattle slurry application rather than whole crop wheat or triticale alone increased yields per unit area and nutritional value such as CP content. In conclusion, it is conceived that whole crop wheat or triticale produced in the manner above can be used instead of grains imported as dietary protein sources in the organic Hanwoo feeding regimen.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

This study was carried out to examine the effect of cattle manure and chemical fertilizer application on productivity and nutritive value of silage corn in the reclaimed paddy field of Sukmoon at Dangjin Province in Korea. The cultivars of silage corn used in this experiment were Kwangpyungok and Pioneer (P32B33). The fertilizer was applied according to recommended dose of application. The reclaimed paddy field of Sukmoon was created for farming in 1985 and approximately 5 to 10 years ago rice was cultivated in full-scale. Recently, reclaimed paddy field of Sukmoon has a limitation to cultivate the crops, due to increased salinity caused by drought and poor drainage system. The total area of reclaimed paddy field of Sukmoon was 305 ha, and silage corn was sown on 149 ha of the reclaimed paddy field in nine regions, such as Songsan 28 A and B, Songsan 27 A and B, Songsan 42 A, B and C, and Songsan 43 A and B. The productivity and nutritive value of corn were evaluated collected from each of nine experimental regions. Dry matter (DM) yields of P32B33 in Songsan 28 A and B, and Songsan 27 A were 13 to 15 ton/ha and it was increased 3 to 5 ton/ha as compared to those of Songsan 27 B. DM yields of Kwangpyungok in Songsan 42 A, and Songsan 43 A and B were 23 to 27 ton/ha and it was increased 15 to 16 ton/ha as compared to Songsan 42 A and B. The nutritive value of corn was not significantly different between Kwangpyungok and P32B33, but the yield of Kwangpyungok corn silage was higher compared to P32B33. Therefore, this study suggests that good drainage system is important to maintain normal growth and productivity of corn in the reclaimed paddy field.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to comparison study on the productivity for certified varieties of import adaptability of silage corn in Pyeongchang area. Total eight varieties (Gangpyeongok, 31N27, 32P75, 32W86, P3156, P3394, DK 689 및 DK 729) were evaluated. The experimental design was 8 treatment of randomized block with three replications. Corn varieties were cultivated in experimental field of Pyeongchang campus, SNU from 1 May to 2 September, 2015 and plot size was $15m^2$. Plant height of 32W86 and ear height of Gwanpyeongok was the highest (p<0.05). Tasseling and silking date was 27 July-3 August and silking occurred after 1-3 day of tasseling. Average day to silking was 92 days and that of 31N27 variety was short (p<0.05). The varieties of DeKalbo Company (DK 689 and DK 729) required more times to silking. Average GDD (growth degree day) of eight varieties was $1,023^{\circ}C$ and P3352 was the lowest GDD. In the trials of resistance evaluation, P3394 was strong in disease, P3156 was the highest in insect. All varieties did not show the lodging and variety of DK 729 showed the highest stay green score (p<0.05). Average dry matter content was 30.77%, it showed higher trend in DM. 32W86 was the highest DM content among the varieties, but there was no significant difference among varieties (p>0.05). The weight per ear was the highest in 32W86 and the lowest in Gwanpyeongok. The ration of ear to whole plant was higher in 32W86 and P3394, but it was not found the significant difference (p>0.05). Average yield of fresh and DM was 59,017 and 13,476 kg/ha, respectively. DK 689 showed higher DM and TDN yield than others, but there was not significant difference (p>0.05). According to results, the difference of productivity was not found among certified variety of import adaptability of silage corn. The varieties Gwanpyeongok, 32W86 and 32P75 would be recommendable in Pyeongchang area for stable cultivation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal harvesting time, feed value and fermentation quality of barley and wheat for the making of chopped whole crop silage substitute for formula feed. As a result, the moisture content of barley and wheat decreased with a late harvest, and barley progressed faster than wheat. The plant height was similar with harvesting time, and the number of spikes decreased with prolonged period after heading. The dry matter yield and TDN yield of barley harvested at 35 and 40 days after heading were significantly higher than those at 30 days after heading and wheat was significantly higher at 40 and 45 days than at 35 day after heading(p<0.05). Crude protein content of barley and wheat were increased with later harvesting time, and crude fiber, crude fat and crude ash were slightly decreased, but not statistically significant. NDF and ADF content of barley decreased with later harvesting time, and those showed similar level in wheat. TDN content of barely was slightly increased but there was no difference in wheat. Comparing the effects of fermentation on feed value of chopped whole crop silage, the approximate compositions were slightly increased after fermentation, but the difference was not significant. Fermentations resulted in increasing the pH value of barley silage with late harvesting time, but decreasing the lactic acid content(p<0.05). A pH value of wheat silage showed similar level in different harvest time, and lactic acid content was decreased. Considering the quantity and quality of fermentation, barley and wheat can be used for making chopped silage of whole crop silage when they were harvested at 35 days and 40~45 days after heading, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2018

This study was conducted to explore the effects of seeding rate of a seed mixture on grassland productivity and botanical composition. Seeding rates were composed of four different treatments varying by the amount of seed: T1, 50% decrease in seeding rate from standard; T2, standard seeding rate; T3, 50% increase in seeding rate from standard; and T4, 100% increase in seeding rate from standard. In 2016, seasonal changes in grass botanical composition revealed T2, T3, and T4 in portion of grass ratio were the highest with a range of 87-100%, whereas T1 was the lowest of all treatments. In 2017, the botanical composition in T1 showed that the grass ratio in of the first cutting was 91%, but in the fourth cutting its ratio decreased by 75%. The results from both years were combined for each treatment, T4 ($11,435kg\;ha^{-1}$) and T3 ($11,162kg\;ha^{-1}$) demonstrated the highest dry matter yield of the treatments (T1: $8,196kg\;ha^{-1}$; T2: $9,521kg\;ha^{-1}$) (p<0.05). As a result, a 50-100% increase in the seeding rate from the standard demonstrated the best grassland yield and botanical composition.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2011

This study was conducted to obtain basic a information on growth characteristics, productivity, and feed values of whole crop barleys with different awn types. The field experiments were conducted on land at Iksan, Jeollabuk-do province in Korea for one year. Six barleys with three different awn types, such as Youngyang (rough), Yuyeon (hood), Youho (hood), Iksan449 (hood), Iksan456 (hood), and Iksan448 (awnless), were used in this study. Barleys were harvested on five growth stages after (DAH); 20 days after heading (20 DAH), 25 DAH, 30 DAH, 35 DAH, and 40 DAH. Heading was earlier in Yuyeon (April 22), while was later in Iksan448 (April 29). The maximum dry matter and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields, 11.8 and 8.1 ton per ha, respectively, was recorded in Ikan456 harvested at 35~40 DAH, followed by Youngyang, Yuyeon, Iksan448, Youho and the lowest in Iksan449. They were increased significantly with advancing crop maturity. Crude protein content was the highest in Iksan448 (10.9%) and the lowest in Youho (9.7%) and that was decreased significantly with late harvest. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) were the highest in Iksan448 (73.0%, 183.8, respectively) and the lowest in Iksan456 (68.0%, 135.4, respectively) and they were increased significantly with late harvest. The mean RFV evaluated by awn types was the highest in Iksan448 (183.8) of awnless, the lowest in Youho (149.5) and Iksan456 (135.4), indicated the insufficiency of hooded type barleys as good fodder use. Therefore, in this study suggest that hooded barley should improve forage productivity as well as quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1994

Lysimeter experiments were conducted to elucidate the behavior of $NO_3-N$ derived from urea applied at different rates and accompanying cations in soils and to further provide fundamental information of rational nitrogen-fertilizer management. Urea was applied at rates of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35kg N/10a to sandy loam pakced into PVC cylindrical lysimeter(vol. : $0.187m^2$, area $0.43m^2$). Leachates from the lysimeter with or without grass grown were collected periodically and analyzed for $NO_3$ and cations. Grass growth and yield responses to N fertilization were also examined. Dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake increased with the urea application rate. The amount of leachate from the lysimeter was negatively correlated with urea application ratesl($r=-0.95^{**}$). The nitrate leaching loss with grass grown was 230 g N/10a at the maximum rate of 35kg N/10a, but the highest leaching loss was observed as 1,607 g N/10a from the bare plot. Increase in urea application rates decreased significantly leaching losses of Ca, Mg, K and Na(>0.01). The highest leaching loss from the bare plot was observed for Ca but only 6.5% of exchangeable form and 14.0% for K from the grass plot respectively. Equivalent ratio of cations to nitrate leached were 3.2 % for the bare plot and the ratio for the grass plot increased with the urea application rate, ranging from 18.6 to 32.7%.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 1989

A study was conducted to obtain acid tolerant and superior Rhizobium meliloti strain for alfalfa on hilly acid soils. With host plant, eight isolates of R, meliloti selected in the vicinity of Milyang were evaluated for their ability to establish symbiotic effectiveness in acidified tube culture medium and vermiculite pot with different urea levels. Among isolates "YA03" was characterized for the ability to manifest to acid tolerance in three different soils of which pH were 5.0, 6.0, and 7.5. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Of eight isolates "YA03" and "YA09" performed nodule in the tube medium of pH5.0, and in the symbiotic effectiveness YA03 was superior to others. 2. Alfalfa growth and $N_2-fixing$ activity by the inoculation of "YA03" isolate were better than others at the level of urea 1.25mM as well as nonurea. 3. Application of urea with inoculation of "YA03" islate to alfalfa was one of the effective factors for symbiotic effectiveness. 4. In infertile soil of pH5.0 inoculation of R. meliloti "YA03" to alfalfa caused the increase of shoot dry matter of 320% as compared to the control, and the total amount of yield was 131% as much yield in moderate fertile soil of pH7.5. Finally R. meliloti "YA03" isolate was selected as an acid tolerant strain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2018

In this study, we created grassland establishment(paddock No.39), grassland improvement(Paddock No.44), and tall fescue seeding(paddock No.64), and the rate botanical composition, DM yield, nutritive value were examined through 2016 to 2017. The rate of botanical composition was 81% in 2016, 75% in 2017, up to 21% higher than No.39 67%, 60%, No.44 58% and 54%. The annual average DM yield was the highest at 13,234kg/ha in the district, followed by No.39, No.44, followed by 10,636kg/ha and 10,235kg/ha, respectively. The crude protein content was the highest at No.39 12.16%, with No.44 and No.64 showing 10.7%, respectively. NDF content (average for two years) was 55.90% in No.44 and No.39, slightly lower than 58.42% and 57.00%, respectively. The two-year ADF average content was 31.07% for the same trend as the NDF capacity in the No.44, below 31.71% and 32.65%, respectively. To sum up the results, Although there was a high level of incentive sowing plot(No.39) in nutritive value, considering the botanical composition and productivity of the pasture, it is also deemed desirable to have a tall fescue plot(No.64).