• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.783-792
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary level of extruded poultry manure, corn and tapioca mixture (EPM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition in korean native goats. Total 15 heads of Korean native goats (10 kg B.W.) were randomly assigned into five treatment groups (EPM 10, 20, 30, 40% and control.) and feeding trial was done for six weeks with ad libitum. Protein level of the extrudate with poultry manure was directly proportional to corn supplements rate. NFE and Ca content in EPM also were functional of the tapioca supplements levels. Daily body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in EPM 40% group, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Concentrate feed intake was high in EPM 10 to 30% groups, compared to the control. Feed conversion ratio also was relatively higher in EPM groups than in the control. As EPM level increased, dry matter digestibility was proportionally decreased, but that of crude protein was enhanced. Dressed carcass percentage was significantly (p<0.05) reduced with the increase of EPM level, showing control 49.7, EPM 10% 49.8, EPM 20% 48.3, EPM 30% 47.9 and EPM 40% 45.2, respectively.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.353-359
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• 2018

In this study, fused deposition modellig(FDM) 3D printing technology has been applied directly to polyester voil fabric to produce 3D printed lace/voil composite fabrics. A stereolithograpy(STL) file with a lace type 3D modelling under the various thickness were prepared and transformed into a g-code file using a g-code generator. The extrusion conditions for FDM 3D printing were controlled by 50mm/s of nozzle speed, $235^{\circ}C$ of nozzle temperature, $40^{\circ}C$ of heating bed temperature. 3D printed lace/voil composite fabriscs manufactured by 3D printing based on FDM using a thermoplactic polyurethane(TPU) filaments were obtained. To evaluate the mechanical properties and washability of the fabricated 3D printed lace/voil composite fabric, KES-FB system test, washing fastness test and dry cleaning resistance test were conducted. As 3D printing thickness increased, KOSHI, NUMERI, and FUKURAMI of 3D printed lace/voil composite fabric increased. From the results of the primary hand value test, 3D printed lace/voil composite fabrics were confirmed to be applicable to women's summer garments. As a result of the washability and dry cleaning resistance test of the 3D printed lace/voil composite fabrics, all samples were graded 4-5.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1350-1364
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• 2019

The ice damage occurs frequently in cold and dry region of western China in winter ice period and spring thaw period. In the drift ice condition, it is easy to form different extrusion force or impact force to damage tunnel lining, causing project failure. The failure project could not arrive the original planning and construction goal, giving rise to the water allocation pressure which influences diversion irrigation and farming production in spring. This study conducts the theoretical study on contact-impact algorithm of drift ices crashing diversion tunnel based on the symmetric penalty function in finite element theory. ANSYS/LS-DYNA is adopted as the platform to establish tunnel model and drift ice model. LS-DYNA SOLVER is used as the solver and LS-PREPOST is used to do post-processing, analyzing the damage degrees of drift ices on tunnel. Constructing physical model in the experiment to verify and reveal the impact damage mechanism of drift ices on diversion tunnel. The software simulation results and the experiment results show that tunnel lining surface will form varying degree deformation and failure when drift ices crash tunnel lining on different velocity, different plan size and different thickness of drift ice. The researches also show that there are damages of drift ice impact force on tunnel lining in the thawing period in cold and dry region. By long time water scouring, the tunnel lining surfaces are broken and falling off which breaks the strength and stability of the structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.427-432
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• 2004

Effect of gamma irradiation on porridge viscosity was studied. Vegetable, beef and pine nut dry flour porridges were irradiated at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 kGy, and rheological characteristics and sensory qualities of irradiated porridge were evaluated. Hunter color lightness were decreased, while redness were increased in dry flour porridge with the increase of irradiation dose. Firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and viscosity of dry flour porridge were significantly decreased with the increase of irradiation dose (p<0.05). Vegetable, beef and pine nut dry flour porridges at dose of 10 kGy reduced the viscosity with 93%, 71% and 55%, respectively Irradiation greatly reduced the viscosity of porridges, probably by starch depolymerization. Irradiation increased the total solids and thus, can improve the calorie up to 30 ㎉. Gamma irradiation was effective in enhancing calorie value of porridge due to reduction of viscosity. As a result of sensory evaluation, overall acceptability and the quality characteristics of irradiated porridges (up to S kGy) were not significantly different from those of the control (p<0.05). In the vegetable porridge, the irradiated porridge at dose of 2.5 kGy was a significantly better overall acceptability than the non-irradiated porridge (p<0.05).

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 2008

The use of tartary buckwheat flour as a source of dietary rutin has been limited because of the enzymatic degradation of rutin during the dough-making process, which results in a bitter taste. A variety of pretreatment regimes, including heating, steaming, boiling, and extruding, were evaluated in relation to the inactivation of the rutin-degrading enzyme responsible for rutin loss and color change during dough-making. Steaming (120 see), boiling (90 see) buckwheat grains, or extruding (180 rpm/min at $140^{\circ}C$) the flour resulted in the retention of >85% of the original rutin and eliminated the bitter taste in the hydrated flours. In contrast, dry heating at $140^{\circ}C$ for 9 min or microwaving at 2,450 MHz for 3 min did not reduce the rutin loss, and the bitter taste remained. Unlike in the flour, the rutin degradation in water-soaked grains was insignificant at room temperature. Moreover, the samples treated by steaming, boiling, or extrusion were darker and more reddish in color.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.745-754
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• 2011

To improve the textural properties of gluten free rice flour based products, the physicochemical and pasting properties of extruded non-waxy rice flours using extruder were investigated. The high yielding Tongil type rice variety, Hanarum was used. Hanarum rice flour was prepared by dry milling from soaked and dried rice grain. The operation conditions of twin screw extruder were 250 rpm of screw speed, $160^{\circ}C$ of barrel temperature, and 24, 27, and 30% of moisture content. Hanarum extruded rice flour (HERF) were lower in crude lipid and ash contents, but higher in crude protein than Hanarum rice flour (HRF). The color values of HERF showed significantly different (p<0.05) with different moisture contents. Water binding capacities, apparent amylose contents, and damaged starch of HERF were higher than those of HRF. Moisture contents affected water binding capacities of HERF. Solubility increased with increasing heating temperature and solubilities of HERF differed significantly (p<0.05). X-ray crystallinity was changed after extrusion cooking and that of HERF showed sharp peaks at $2{\theta}=18-20^{\circ}$. The pasting viscosities of HERF kept lower values (~ 10 RVU) constantly.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.300-306
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• 2014

To recycle coal bottom ash(denoted here as CBA) generated from thermal power plants as a functional construction material, artificial soil(denoted as AS) containing CBA with dredged soil(denoted as DS) at a ratio(wt%) of 70 : 30 was manufactured by means of material engineering with sintering in a rotary kiln at $1125^{\circ}C$ using a green body formed via extrusion processing. The properties of the soil mechanics of the AS and the as-received CBA were analyzed and compared. Compaction testing results determined an optimum moisture content of the AS and CBA at 18%. During these tests, the maximum dry unit weights of the materials were similar, at 1.57 and 1.58 $t/m^3$, respectively. The compressive strength levels of the AS and CBA concrete specimens were 5.1 and 5.4 $t/m^3$, respectively, both of which increased after materials engineering processing. In a consolidation test, the compression index of the AS and CBA was found to be $0.114{\pm}0.001$ in both cases. The values were similar regardless of the materials engineering processes, but during the consolidation of AS, its coefficient was higher than that of the CBA materials.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.511-515
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• 2006

The dispersion hardened $Cu-TiB_2$ composites are a promising candidate for applications as electrical contact materials. The $Cu-TiB_2$ composites for electrical contact materials can reduce material cost and resource consumption caused by wear, due to their good mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, we investigated the wear phenomenon for $Cu-TiB_2$ composites fabricated with hot extrusion, by varying particle sizes and volume fractions of $TiB_2$. The wear tests were performed under the dry sliding condition with a fixed total sliding distance of 40 m. The contact loads at a constant speed of 3.5 Hz were 20, 40, 60, and 80 N. The friction coefficients and wear losses were measured during wear tests. Worn surfaces and wear debris after wear tests were investigated using the scanning electron microscope and the optical microscope. The microstructures of interface between Cu matrix and $TiB_2$ particle before and after wear tests were studied by the transmission electron microscope.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.824-828
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• 2005

In this study the effect of the content of $TiB_2$ on wear properties was investigated. $Cu-TiB_2$ composites have been fabricated by hot extrusion. Sliding wear tests were peformed by a pin-on-disk type wear test machine under dry condition and loads varied with from 20N to 80N at sliding speed 3.5Hz. The test results showed that the wear losses and the friction coefficients decreased with increasing $Cu-TiB_2$ volume fraction and increasing the size of $Cu-TiB_2$ particle. Wear property of $10{\mu}m,\;5 vol\%\; TiB_2$ specimen was excellent all of the wear specimens. It is thought that the increase of plastic flow resistivity due to uniform distribution of $10{\mu}m,\;5 vol\%\; TiB_2$ wear specimen would improve wear property. The worn surface and wear debris were examined by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.405-417
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• 2014

In a high-level waste repository, the gap fill of the engineered barrier is an important component that influences the performance of the buffer and backfill. This paper reviewed the overseas status of R&D on the gap fill used engineered barriers, through which the concept of the gap fill, manufacturing techniques, pellet-molding characteristics, and emplacement techniques were summarized. The concept of a gap fill differs for each country depending on its disposal type and concept. Bentonite has been considered a major material of a gap fill, and clay as an inert filler. Gap fill was used in the form of pellets, granules, or a pellet-granule blend. Pellets are manufactured through one of the following techniques: static compaction, roller compression, or extrusion-cutting. Among these techniques, countries have focused on developing advanced technologies of roller compression and extrusion-cutting techniques for industrial pellet production. The dry density and integrity of the pellet are sensitive to water content, constituent material, manufacturing technique, and pellet size, and are less sensitive to the pressure applied during the manufacturing. For the emplacement of the gap fill, pouring, pouring and tamping, and pouring with vibration techniques were used in the buffer gap of the vertical deposition hole; blowing through the use of shotcrete technology and auger placement and compaction techniques have been used in the gap of horizontal deposition hole and tunnel. However, these emplacement techniques are still technically at the beginning stage, and thus additional research and development are expected to be needed.