• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 1995

The aims of this study are to enhance the students' knowledge of the drinking water and its reliability by investigating drinking water situation on the drinking water. The results are as following 1. Status and drinking behavior about school drinking water (1) 97.82% of the schools are using the tap water as the resource of drinking water. (2) 46 schools are in possession of water tank and 18 schools of them are using the water tank as the resource of drinking water. The clearing and sanitization of the tank are carried out once in a year with hypochloronatrium by the low-level officials. (3) 51.28% of the schools are providing the students with drinking water and 75% of them with boiled water. The drinking water supply managers are low-level officials, nurse teachers, and dietitian. 2. Analysis of the drinking water quality (1) Most of the drinking water provided by the school are tap water 35.8%, barely tea 5.85%, filtered water 6.3%, ground water 1.1% and all turned out to be suitable for drinking. (2) The drinking water carried from home turned out to be unsuitable for drinking except pH criterion, especially the test of APC(Aerobic Plate Count) and Coliform group showed worse degree. These results were caused by the hygiene problem and maltreatment in water container.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.275-279
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• 2003

A water quality analysis of rainwater collected from catchment equipment(2m${\times}$1m) was conducted to determine its suitability for domestic purposes, in this study. As the results of analysis, the pH of rainwater was 6.3${\pm}$0.3, and the turbidity of rainwater was over the 5 times than drinking water guidelines. For the usage of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water, the rainwater is need to treat. The analysis value of BOD was about 3 mg/L and the values of heavy metal as the Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cr$\sub$6/$\^$+/and Cu was satisfied with drinking guidelines. Overall results of analysis support the possibility of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2005

The analytical methods for dioxins in water sample from wastewater to tap water were reviewed. For extraction method, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been widely used, however, this process needs too much time and man power. New approach including solid phase extraction (SPE) is now applicable to large volume of water sample with high extraction efficiency. Column clean up in classical analytical methods were very complex and time consuming procedures during decade. Modifications were tried to decrease solvent and reagents volume. Moreover, use of column connection method has been demonstrated in the environmental matrices. Instrumental configurations also have been improved, in which GC/MS/MS with large volume injection approach can analyze picogram levels. Absolute sensitivities of HRMS increased compared to old versions of double focusing sector type mass spectrometers. Based on these analytical evolutions during last 10 years, we tried to optimize the analytical method for dioxins in water sample from sample extraction to instrumental analysis.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

We surveyed the citizens opinion about springs in Seoul for two years from 2008 to 2009. It was found that spring water was mostly used by citizens older than 50, and that 29.5% of citizens used purified tap water as drinking water, 27.2% of them used boiled tap water, 21.1% of them used spring water, and 12.1% of them used bottled water. Citizens who store spring water more than a day are 76.7%. Although many citizens (70.3%) knew that water quality had been tested, 40% of them didn't care about checking the certificate of water quality analysis. Once recognized that the spring water was unfit for drinking exceeded standard of drinking water, 85% of citizens would rather not use the spring water.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

For survival of human beings clean water is an essential commodity whereas contamination in drinking water threatens to mankind. The main cause of water contamination is social and development activities of human being along with increasing population. The community in the study area has acute shortage of drinking water along with about 40 to 60% has no access to safe drinking water. This study indicates drinking water quality of two major sources of coastal belt of Karachi one is supplied by Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB) as tap water and the other through groundwater. The physicochemical analysis was carried out by following the standard methods for checking the quality of drinking water. The analyzed results showed that the quality of groundwater was unfit as potable water. The most critical situation was observed as high level of contamination followed by high turbidity and increased salinity levels. TDS in surface water were found 12% above and TDS in groundwater was 20% below the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) of Pakistan as well as the permissible WHO drinking water quality guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2005

This study evaluated the effect of factors influencing the initial biofilm formation in drinking water distribution pipe by running experiments using a $2^{4-1}$ fractional factorial experimental design with a replicate. Important variables used for assessing biofilm formation included BDOC(biodegradable dissolved organic carbon), viable heterotrophic bacteria present in drinking water, water temperature, and shear stress at two levels each. Based on the statistical analysis of biofilm levels measured as attached HPC(heterotrophic plate count) and community-level assay, the main factors that have significant effects on biofilm formation were found to be viable heterotrophic bacteria and BDOC. Water temperature only exhibited significant effect on the levels of attached HPC, while shear stress was not a significant factor under given conditions. Moreover, the statistical analysis revealed that interactions between the important variables were not statistically significant at a 0.05 significance level.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.1-20
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• 1997

The present standard of drinking water quality is not reached to the guidelines of WHO and US EPA recommended. The appraisal of safety is not appropriate by the results of intermittent and limitted analysis. 45 items of drinking water quality are regulated in the Korean standard and 9 items for inspection designated by Seoul City. This report is the results of analysis of the water quality in the water stations of Seoul which are concerned with the items of Korean water quality standard and the priolity pollutnats recommended by WHO. In the results, 45 items of water quality, and the priolity pollutants were not exceeded to the standard and criteria, while DDT, heptachlor-epoxide, THMs, benzo(a)pyrene, Ba, Al, Gross beta, $^{226}$Ra, $^{90}$Sr were detected, the levels were not exceeded to the WHO guidelines. In ordes to evalute the safety of drinking water quality, besides of the existed items of standard, new hazardouse pollutants should be considered monitored continenously. For the regulation of hazardous pollutants, it may be introduced from the risk assessment. According to the relevant assessment, the acceptable risk of pollutants estimated could be applied to set the water quality standard or recommendations or quidelines as well as the number of monitoring.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.275-281
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• 2022

To maintain water quality after water treatment, monitoring whether the quality of treated tap water quality changes is essential. However, current investigations are insufficient to prevent secondary contamination in drinking water supply systems. This study investigated Gyeonggi's e apartment where a red water problem occurred and monitored the water quality and corrosiveness of the overall water supply system to the apartment from June 2021 to April 2022. In a comparison of drinking water quality after water treatment and the influent of the reservoir, turbidity and heavy metal concentrations were increased and residual chlorine was decreased due to increases in temperature. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that a low level of residual chlorine may cause the abscission of Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ through microorganism activation, which also causes a high level of turbidity. The corrosion index (LI) in the influent of the reservoir tank was increased due to Ca²⁺ and temperature. These results indicate that the corrosiveness of drinking water and the deterioration of drinking water quality were mainly increased between the drinking water treatment plant and the reservoir tank's influent. The findings provide clear evidence that it is essential to manage water supply systems and reservoir tanks to prevent the secondary contamination of drinking water.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3B
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• pp.355-361
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• 2008

A water quality analysis of rainwater collected from catchment equipment ($2m{\times}1m$) was conducted to determine its suitability for domestic purposes, in this study. As the results of analysis, the pH of rainwater was $6.3{\pm}0.3$, and the turbidity of rainwater was over the 5 times than drinking water guidelines. For the usage of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water, the rainwater is need to treat. The analysis values of heavy metal as the Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, ${Cr_6}^+$ and Cu was satisfied with drinking guidelines. Rainwater quality was improved in the rainfall duration. Overall results of analysis support the possibility of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.87-104
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data as a improvement method through the fact-revealing concerning the drinking water management of school and utilization of student. The problems of the research are as follows: First, to investigate status of management of drinking water by area and school. Second, to investigate student's utilization of drinking water by area and school. 1,400 students was selected at 45 elementary and middle-high schools located in Kang-won province, and this study was constituted of two questionnaires(for school's questionnaire and student's questionnaire). The results was analyse through the frequency analysis, $x^2$-test on the basis of the above research problem by SPSS program. The findings of this research are as follows; 1) The Management of School Drinking Water First, the source of school drinking water was mostly piped water. Inspection of water quality has been fulfilled under four times a year, in the other hands, from the result inspection, the schools which was given inadequate determination was 22.2%. Second, reservoir cleaning and hygiene inspection failed far short of the regulations. Especially, reservoir cleaning was managed by exterior consignment industry not low-level officials. Third, school water drinking was the most supplied through the type of water purifier. Water purifier has been distributed to city-located and middle-high school highly, factually the water from water purifier was served with water cup. Fourth, the selection standard of water drinking manager showed slightly differently by school, accordingly there need to develope integrated system with the respective to its effective systematic management. Fifth, water cup was mostly treated by only water clear, which is to vindicate the problems concerning hygiene management. 2) Utilization of school student on Drinking Water First, Disbelief on drinking water of school student was very high. Especially, proportion of middle-high school student's disbelief of drinking water was higher than elementary school student, also girls higher than boys. Many of student have heard to don't drink water from around people. And there were showed meaningful differences by area and school. Second, It was showed many student recognize had to utilize water purifier, boiled water. However, they have still drunken the tap water or portable water from their home. Third, Many of student showed negative response with the respective to the management conditions of drinking water in classroom, There were showed meaningful differences by area and school. From the fact-revealing of water cup management, Students mostly answered to 'only water clear' and the answer of 'None use' or 'With personal cup' was higher. Fourth, In bad experience of Drinking Water, student mostly answered to 'occasionally' and there were showed meaningful differences by school. student's disease experience with school drinking water was few and there were showed meaningful differences by area and gender.