• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2005

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of Clonorchis Sinensis infestation and to determine the associated risk factors among a population in a part of the rural area of Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, which is an area known to have a high mortality from liver cancer and a high infection of C. sinensis. Methods : The study populat ion consisted of those people who have lived in rural areas and who were over 40 years old. This study was performed in 5 areas during the period from 1999 to 200 3. Informed consents were obtained from the 2,381 study participants, and these people were interviewed about their life style habits with using the structured questionnaire that was administered by trained staff members. The subjects underwent blood sampling and their stool specimens were examined by using the Formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Results : Among the study subjects (N=2,381), the positivity for C. sinensis in the stool was 34.4% (95% CI=36.3-42.5); it was 39.4% (95% CI=36.3-42.5) in the males and 30.9% (95% CI=28.5-33.3) in the females . The positivity for C. sinensis was associated with current alcohol drinking (odds ratio=1.8, 95% CI: 1.5-2.1) and raw fish consumption (odds ratio 1.2, 95% CI: 0.9-1.6). Conclusion : The present study confirmed the high prevalence of C. sinensis in the study subjects. It is necessary to establish consistent medical management and education programs for the treatment and prevention of C. sinensis infestation in the rural inhabitants of Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.332-346
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• 1993

성인 남성들에서 여가시간의 육체적 활동량의 분포를 파악하고 관상동맥질환의 위험인자들과의 관련성을 보기위해 경상북도에 소재하는 일개 제철회사의 남성 근로자 277명을 연구대상자로 선정하였다. CARDIA 연구의 Physical Activity History questionnaire를 변형한 설문지를 이용하여 연구대상자들의 여가시간의 육체적 활동에 대해 면담조사하였다. 공복시 혈액 5ml를 채취하여 혈청 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 혈당량을 측정하였고, 신장, 체중 및 혈압을 측정하였다. 흡연습관과 음주습관, 교육 수준 및 그 밖의 사항들은 설문지를 이용하여 면담조사하였다. 연구대상자들의 여가시간의 육체적 활동에 의한 에너지 소모량의 기하 평균치는 212.80 kcal/week이었고, 전체 대상자 중 여가시간에 2,000 kcal/week이상 육체적 활동을 하는 사람의 비율은 22. 4%이었다. 설문지의 항목들 중 대상자들이 여가시간에 하는 운동으로 가장 많은 것은 산보나 등산, 조깅 혹은 달리기 등이었다. 전체 대상자들에서 연령별, 교육수준별, 근무기간별, 흡연 및 음주습관별 주당 여가시간의 육체적 활동량이 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 작업 중 격렬한 노동을 하는 사람들이 안 하는 사람들에 비해 주당 여가시간의 육체적 활동량이 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 여가시간의 육체적 활동량과 관상동맥질환의 위험인자들과의 관련성을 보고자 여가시간의 육체적 활동량을 중등도 이상의 활동을 전혀 안 하는 경우, 총 활동량이 2,000 kcal/week 미만인 경우 그리고 총 활동량이 2,000 kcal/week 미만인 경우의 세 군으로 나눈 후 BMI, 수축기 및 이완기혈압, 혈청 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 공복시 혈당량의 평균을 비교하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 것은 없었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2005

Objective : To elucidate the correlates of self-rated fatigue in Korean employees. Methods : The data for 10,176 (men, 7,984; women, 2,192; mean age, 34.2; SD: 8.8) employees recruited from a nationwide sample were examined. A structured questionnaire was used to measure the participants' fatigue, sociodemographics (sex, age, education, and marital status), job-related characteristics (work duration, grade at work, work hours, shiftwork, employment type, and magnitude of workplace), and health-related habits (smoking, drinking, coffee intake, and exercise). Two types of measurement for fatigue were used to evaluate the magnitude of fatigue: self-rated question and a standardized measurement tool (Multidimensional Fatigue Scale: MFS). Results : According to the self-rated fatigue, 32% of employees reported that they felt fatigue for the past two weeks, and 9.6% of males and 8.7% of females had experienced excessive fatigue (6 months or more). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that fatigue measured by MFS was more common in women, younger, college or more graduated, single, and employees who do not regularly exercise. Fatigue was also associated with long work hours, and the size of the workplace (<1,000 employees). Conclusions : These results suggest that fatigue has been considered as a common complaint, and that it is affected by job-related factors like work hours and the workplace size as well as sociodemographics or health-related behaviors. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of fatigue on adverse health outcomes, work performance, work disability, sick absence and medical utilization, and to examine the relationship of job characteristics (e.g.: work demand, decision latitude) to fatigue.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.3487-3493
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• 2009

본 연구는 임상 치과위생사들의 우울수준을 파악하고, 관련요인을 알아보고자 D도시 소재 치과의원에 근무하는 치과위생사 221명을 대상으로 2009년 6월 1일부터 6월 30일까지의 기간 동안 구조화된 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상치과위생사의 우울수준은 정상군 79.1%, 경도 우울군 15.4%, 중등도 우울군 4.1%, 중증 우울군 1.4%로 나타났다. 2. 우울수준은 전문대졸 이하 군일수록, 월평균급여가 적을수록, 업무에 대한 만족도가 "만족하지 못하다"는 군일수록, 업무에 대한 적성이 "맞지 않는다"는 군일수록, 직장에서의 상사나 동료 간의 "유대관계가 좋지 않다"는 군일수록, 주관적인 건강상태가 "건강하지 못하다"는 군일수록, 아침식사를 하지 않는 군일수록, 음주를 하는 군일수록, 운동을 규칙적으로 하지 않는 군일수록, 업무요구도가 높을 때, 업무자율성이 낮을 때, 직장 내 상사의 지지도가 낮을 때 우울수준이 유의하게 높았다. 3. 우울수준과 관련변수들과의 상관관계는 업무에 대한 만족도, 업무에 대한 적성, 직장에서의 상사나 동료 간의 유대 관계, 주관적인 건강상태, 상사의 지지도, 동료의 지지도와는 음의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 업무의 요구도와는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 우울수준을 감소시키기 위하여 여러 요인들을 개선 할 수 있는 프로그램의 시행 및 관리방안이 모색되어 향상을 통한 우울관리가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2016

이번 연구는 2008년도 대전시 건강증진사업단이 의뢰하여 한국갤럽조사연구소에서 각 구별 인구분포에 맞게 표본을 추출한 대전 시민 20세 이상 성인 1,013명의 건강실천행위 전화설문조사를 바탕으로 대전 시민의 인구사회학적 특성, 일반건강행위 실천, 칫솔질 횟수의 관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 흡연은 성별, 연령대, 직업, 비만도에 따른 차이가 있고, 음주는 성별, 연령대, 수입, 직업, 비만도에 따른 차이가 있었다. 또한 신체활동은 성별, 직업에 따른 차이가 있었으며, 칫솔질 빈도는 성별, 연령대, 수입, 직업, 비만도에 따른 차이가 있었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 1일 2회 이상 칫솔질할 교차비는 남자에 비해 여자가 1.88, 20대에 비해 65세 이상이 0.51, 월수입 200만 원 미만에 비해 200만 원대가 1.58, 규칙적인 운동을 하지 않는 군을 기준으로 운동을 하는 군이 1.60이었다. 점심 후 칫솔질할 교차비는 남자에 비해 여자가 1.76, 20대에 비해 65세 이상이 0.38, 자영업자에 비해 화이트칼라가 3.12, 학생이 2.19, 무직이 1.88, 고강도 신체활동을 안하는 군을 기준으로 하는 군이 1.37, 규칙적인 운동을 안하는 군을 기준으로 하는 군이 1.45이었다. 그러므로, 대상자의 일반적 특성은 구강보건행위와 관계가 있으며 흡연, 음주, 규칙적 운동을 제외한 신체활동 등의 일반건강행위는 구강보건행위는 관계가 없다고 생각되었다. 따라서, 보건소 구강보건사업을 다른 보건사업과는 독립적으로 실행할 수 있으며, 다른 사업과의 통합사업보다는 대상자 특성에 맞는 적절한 구강보건사업이 대전 시민의 구강건강증진에 더욱 효과적일 것이라고 제안한다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2012

목적: 한국인을 대상으로 장년층과 노년층에서 남녀 각각 백내장 발병의 관련 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 40-95세까지 총 5,024명 (남자 2,163명, 여자 2,861명)을 대상으로 하였고, 남녀각각 연령에 따라 두 그룹으로 분류하였다(그룹 1: 40-64세, 그룹 2: 65-94세). 백내장은 적어도 한 눈에 수정체의 혼탁이 발견된 경우로 정의하였다. 남녀 각각 두 연령 그룹에서 당뇨, 고혈압, 고중성지방혈증, 실외 활동, 흡연과 음주 습관을 보정한 후에 비만과 사회경제적 요인으로 가구 소득수준과 최종학력을 기준으로 교육수준이 백내장의 발병에 영향을 미치는지 비차비 값을 구하였다. 결과: 소득수준과 교육수준은 남녀 모든 연령 그룹에서 백내장 발병과 강한 관련이 있었다. 모든 다른 요인들을 보정한 후에 최종 다중분석 모델에서 남자의 경우는 저 소득(그룹 1:OR, 1.84[1.17-2.91], 그룹 2: 3.47[2.53-4.74]), 저 학력(그룹 1: OR, 3.00[1.90-4.74], 그룹 2: 7.44[5.41-10.23])과 실외 활동시간(그룹 2: OR, 1.26[1.06-1.49]이 백내장의 발병 위험을 높였다. 여자의 경우에는 저 소득(그룹 1: OR,1.72[1.14-2.60], 그룹 2: 2.32[1.70-3.16]), 저 학력(그룹 1: OR, 4.48[2.72-7.38], 그룹 2: 29.99[20.31-44.28])과 비만(그룹 1: OR, 1.40[1.10-1.82], 그룹 2: 1.27[1.04-1.54])이 유의한 위험 요인이었다. 결론: 한국 성인 남녀에서 낮은 사회경제적 상태는 백내장의 위험 요인이었고, 특히 여성의 경우는 비만도 백내장과 관련이 있었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제11권1_2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1996

Human exposure to volatile compounds in tap water can occur from inhalation and dermal absorption as well as direct ingestion. The relative contribution to total human exposure from these pathways has been considered to be important especially for VOC's (volatile organic compounds). In an attempt to reduce the uncertainty of the risk assessment, it has been suggested that the exposure assessment process could be significantly improved by adopting Monte-Carlo simulation. However, there is no actual data in Korea for each exposure parameter to determine the level of exposure, and the distributional pattern. Therefore, we surveyed water use patterns and behavior related to multi-route exposure to VOC's in household tap water in Korea, and compared these values to the those in western countries. In the first survey, we calculated daily water intake using data from a sample of 1322 persons of several cities in Korea. In the second survey, we obtained questionnaire data on exposure time for showering, bathing and household activities, and tap water intake from 851households in Korea. In the last survey, we measured the exposure parameters (exposure time, water use rate etc.) related to showers, baths, toilets, dish washing, washing and cooking, and tap water intake was surveyed. Also, the subjects were measured their body weight, height and tidal volume, etc. A diary, a flow meter and a measuring cup were used to measure these values as precisely as possible. Average daily water intake was ranged 0.79-1.71 L/day for adults in three surveys. Tap water intake measured by log-sheet during one week in third survey was 1.26 (average), 1.98 L/day (90 percentlie), respectively. These results were comparable with results from EPA (1.4, 2L/day). The average amount of water used by housewives in the third survey was 515.0 $\pm$ 564.6L/day. In usual activity, the amount of water used in the bathroom, the laundry and the kitchen was 140.0 $\pm$ 538.9, 148.0 $\pm$ 174.5, 229.3 $\pm$ 205.4 L/day, respectively. Exposure parameters such as water intake rate, exposure duration, body weight, inhalation rates in surveyed data of Korean people differed from those published from western countries. This could be attributed to variations in lifestyle, dietary habits and physiological characteristics.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1986

The present survey was designed to investigate correlations among blood pressure, nutritional intakes, and various environmental factors in Korean adult males, and to observe the difference in dietary intakes between hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. Two hundred forty-three adult men from Seoul and rural areas were interviewed about their food intakes, dietary patterns, food habits, and general environmental factors from December 20, 1982 to February 15, 1983. Their dietary intakes were surveyed by means of 24-hour recall diet method. Dietary score card was used in order to evaluate the quality of routine diet of the subject. Variables of environmental factors and factors related to hypertension were expressed as percentage, and the differences in nutrient intake and food score of each sub-group were examined by means of t-test. Correlation of all the variables were analyzed by Pearsons Correlation Coefficient. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. 38% of the subjects were between the ages of 40~49, and about one-half of the subjects were middle or high school graduates. 28% of the subjects earned 210, 000~350, 000 Won per month, and income distribution was almost identical to that of the urban population of Korea. 2. There was more overweight or obese found in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive subjects. About 40% of the hypertensive patients reported a family history of hypertension, and their knowledge about hypertension was rather poor, but slightly better than the normotensive subjects. The patient group had less adherence to smoking and alcohol compared with the normotensive subjects, but no difference was observed in coffee drinking. The mean value of the blood pressure for the normotensive subjects was 127/86mmHg and 175/109mmHg for the hypertensive group. 3. Nutrient intake for the hypertensive group was lower for most of nutrients than in the healthy group. Hypertensive patients on diet therapy consumed less calories and carbohydrates compared with those who do not follow diet therapy. 4. There was no difference intake of these food groups between patients and the healthy group. Food score was strongly related to consumption of animal protein, saturated fats, Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, and Vitamin C, which are prone to be deficient in the typical Korean diet. 5. Blood pressure had a strong positive correlation with age, body weight, and socioeconomic level. In addition, monthly income was positively related with age and education level. 6. Three was a positive relationship between blood pressure and consumption of vegetable protein, and a negative relationship with consumption of Calories, Carbohydrates, Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Niacin, and Vitamin C. Animal protein intake increased as income and education levels increased, but this tendency was opposite for carbohydrates. In summary, nutritional intakes are strongly correlated with various environmental factors and the level of blood pressure. There was no difference between normotensive and hypertensive subjects with respect to the quality of food consumed except restricting energy and carbohydrate in the patient group.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2005

Family has emerged as a key concept for health, and it has been identified as one of the most important conditions. The relationship between health habit and its management is different depending on family. The odd pair family, mostly rural lower income class, worry to have poor health because of no spouse and small family size. One thousand eight hundred and seventy(1870) subjects were collected in 9 provinces through the sampling of Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Questionnaire method was conducted on health checking, bath states, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the prevalence of farmer's health related problems. The main results were as follows: 1) The characteristics of odd pair families are that the head of household is female(77% ), the size of family is small(1.76 persons), the education level is low(7.5 years for male, 3.1 years for female) and the age group is old (male: 89.78 year old, female: 73.69 year old). 2) For the odd pair family, the frequency of health checking is quite low with one or two times per year(l0.2%) and the rate of no-health checking is much higher(35.8%) .3) Bathing utility is not available 29.6% of the odd pair family and only cold water is supplied at home for the 11.5 % of them. However, for the paired family, 9.8 % of them has no bathing utility and the rate of the family supplied with only cold water is just 7.9%. 4) The bathing frequency score of odd pair family is l.74points for male and 1.25 points for female. 5) The rate of smoking habits for odd pair family is 68.5 % and specially it is 7.6% for female, which is higher comparing with that of pair family. 6) The smoking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.57 points. 7) Alcohol drinking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.79 points for male, and 3.24points for female. 8) Farmers' syndrome(FS) revealed 38.7% of odd pair family and it is lower than that of pair family(57.3%). Special pain of FS was huckle bone and muscle(28.4%) and articular pain(24.l %). The pain rate of huckle bone and muscle(43.l %) and articular pain(33.5%) were higher in a year in odd pair family were lower than those of pair family: farming machine caused accidents(6.5%) and pesticide poisoning(5.7%). l0) The odd pair family use more frequently medical clinic or public health center for the treatment of FS(74.7%) and pesticide poisoning(62.5%) than the pair family for FS(69.0%) and for pesticide poisoning(.53.6%). The score of FS treatment is 5.70 points for odd pair family and it is not significantly different from 5.62 points of the paired family. The result of pesticide poisoning treatment score is as same as that of FS.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.276-287
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• 2008

Diabetic mellitus in an older population is associated with increased basal oxidative stress and free radical accentuated by hyperglycemic challenge. Enhanced free radical in diabetic elderly can cause the oxidative damage and such damage can be protected by antioxidant defense system. It is believed that vitamin C, A and E are the most abundant and effective antioxidants in human plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant status in Korean diabetic elderly using the case-control study. The antioxidant status was examined by determining plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, A, E, ${\beta}$-carotene), total antioxidant status (TAS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and intakes of vitamin C, A, ${\beta}$-carotene and retiol. Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and serum lipid profiles (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also determined. Diabetic subjects were 122 elderly persons over 60 years old, visiting public health center, and control subjects were 96 healthy elderly persons living in Ulsan, Korea and they were matched by age, gender, smoking and drinking status. The diabetic and control subjects were divided into sub-groups according to the status of using diet therapy and vitamin supplement. The subjects were interviewed to collect data on their general characteristics, disease history, vitamin supplement, diet therapy and health-related habits by questionnaires. Their dietary intakes were obtained by means of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SQFFQ). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetes than in control subjects, and plasma total cholesterol level of diabetes was not significantly different from that of control subjects. However serum HDL cholesterol level of diabetes was significantly lower and serum TG level of diabetes was significantly higher than those of control group. The average vitamin A and ${\beta}$-carotene intakes of diabetes were significantly higher than those of control subjects. There was no significant difference in plasma vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, and TBARS levels between two groups, but plasma vitamin A, E and TAS levels were significantly higher in diabetes than those in control group. Plasma vitamin A and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using diet therapy were higher than those of control using diet therapy, and plasma vitamin E, ${\beta}$-carotene and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using vitamin supplements were significantly higher than those of controls using vitamin supplements. These results suggested that diabetic mellitus could enhance antioxidant defences against reactive oxygen species and interest in healthy eating such as consumption of more antioxidant nutrients.