• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.361-364
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• 2002

This study was performed to establish a simple and accurate method for the determination of oxygen that is a processing aid in various beverage. The quantitative determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) contents in 30 cases of samples were performed by traditional titration method and polarography. As a result of the study, the analysis of DO contents in fruit-extract beverages containing oxygen by titration method was time consuming and large sample volumes were needed. Besides, serious interferences with compounds such as hydroxylamine and nitric oxide were observed, leading to false response. Although the polarography is easily affected by $H_2S$, proteins, and various organic compounds, it is a simple and practical method that provides inexpensive and relatively rapid analysis. The polarography is best suited to the routine determination of DO in a large number of samples and it is expected that the polarography can directly be applied to the quality control of the beverages containing added oxygen. The analysis results of DO contents in various fruit-extract beverages with oxygen and without oxygen were as follows: 23.10 ppm to 32.60 ppm for various frutis extract beverages with oxygen, 0.70 pp to 2.54 ppm for mixed beverages without oxygen, 7.63 ppm to 8.28 ppm for drinking water.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.569-580
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the associations of Korean fermented cabbage kimchi consumption with the incidence risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean adults. Methods: We used the community-based cohort data from the 2001 ~ 2012 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). General characteristics, food group frequencies and nutrient intakes at baseline from 3,560 healthy individuals aged 40 ~ 69 years and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its component from 2,259 participants, after excluding the data with incomplete anthropometric and blood test, during 10-year follow-up were analyzed. The participants were classified into three groups according to their daily consumption frequency of Korean fermented cabbage kimchi: 'less than once (< 1/day)', 'once or twice (1 ~ 2/day)', and 'three times (3/day)'. Results: After controlling for potential confounders such as age, education, income, residence area, alcohol drinking and energy intake, the consumption frequencies of rice and legumes were significantly higher, and the consumption frequency of meat was significantly lower in the 3/day group compared to that of the other two groups in men and women. The average intakes of energy and most nutrients, except fat and cholesterol, were higher in the 3/day group compared to those of the other two groups in men and women. Frequent consumption of kimchi was associated with a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in all the models (unadjusted, age-adjusted, and multivariable-adjusted models) in women. When examining the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratio for metabolic syndrome was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.47 ~ 0.86) for the 3/day group compared to that of the < 1/day group in women. However, there was no significant association between kimchi consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in men. Conclusion: Our results show that consumption of kimchi at every meal was significantly associated with a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 1993

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of seleniumc (Se) and vitamin E on activity of enzyme relevant to lipid peroxidation in alcohol administrated rats. Seventy two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 58~62g were divided into 12groups. The dietary Se levels were 0, 0.4 and 10mg and the dietary vitamin E levels were 0 and 150mg per kg diet, respectively. Alcohol-administrated groups received drinking water solution containing 10% of ethanol from the 3-weeks of experimental periods. The obtained experimental results are summarized as follow: The ${\gamma}$-GTP activity in plasma was higher in alcohol administrated groups and high selenium group (HSe) and low selenium group (LSe) than in control groups (CSe). The ${\gamma}$-GOT and GPT activities were higher in alcohol groups. The ${\gamma}$-GTP activity was significantly influenced by alcohol in LSe groups than in other groups. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of plasma was significantly lower in LSe groups than HSe and CSe groups. The GSH-Px activity of microsomal and cytosolic fraction was slightly lower in alcohol groups and was about a half value lower in HSe and LSe groups than CSe groups. There was negative correlation between plasma Se level and GSH-Px activity of cytosolic fraction in HSe groups (r=- 0.662, p<0.001) and positive correlation in LSe groups (r=0.640, p<0.001). The GSH S-transferase activity in microsomal and cytosolic fraction was slightly higher in alcohol administrated but vitamin E nonadministrated groups, and significantly higher in LSe groups than in other groups. The catalase activity in mitochondria was lower in HSe than CSe groups, but rather higher in LSe groups. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cytosolic fraction of liver was not found any effect in all groups. The cytochrome P-450 was higher in alcohol groups, but significantly lower in HSe groups. In conclusion, the deficiency of Se and vitamin E develops the hyperoxidation of liver lipid through the increase of activity of enzyme related to the lipid peroxidation and alcohol administration appears to further increase of hyperoxidation of liver lipid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.841-846
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of laminaran from Eisenia bicyclis on serum lipid composition of rats fed high fat and cholesterol diets. Fourty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $70{\pm}2.5g$ of 4 weeks old were fed experimental diets for 6 weeks with high fat diet consisting of basal diet plus cholesterol (1%) and lard (10%) for the inducement of hyperlipidemia. The effect of laminaran supplements via drinking waters on serum lipid composition of rat were investigated for 5 weeks by administration of experimental diet group fed basal diet only as normal group, control group fed high fat diet, LL group fed high fat diet plus 0.25% laminaran containing water, and LH group fed high fat diet plus 0.5% laminaran containing water, respectively. As a results of experiments, it was found that LL and LH groups showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight gain and liver weight as compared with control and it may caused by decreased FER. The weight of cecum and adipose tissue (EFP) of LL group showed a significantly (p<0.05) decreased patterns compared with control. It was also found that LL and LH diet groups affects the intestinal length and transit time of rat as significantly (p<0.05) increased in length of intestine and decreased in transit time. In addition, LL and LH diet groups showed a dramatic decrease in triglyceride, total and LDL-cholesterol, and significant increase in HDL-cholesterol compared with control diet group, by which results in decreased in AI. These results indicate that crude laminaran from Eisenia bicyclis has a strong hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic activities in rat fed high fat and cholesterol diet.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2006

Background: Luteolin, a flavone found in various Chinese herbal medicines is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties through its ability to inhibit various proinflammatory signaling pathways including NF-${\kappa}B$ and p38 MAPK. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of luteolin on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Materials and Methods: We used a transgenic mouse model expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of NF-${\kappa}B$ $cis$-elements. C57BL/6 NF-${\kappa}B^{EGFP}$ mice received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for six days in combination with daily luteolin administration (1mg/kg body weight, 0.1ml vol, intragastric) or vehicle. NF-${\kappa}B$ activity was assessed macroscopically with a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera and microscopically by confocal analysis. Results: A significant increase in the Disease Activity Index (DAI), histological score (p<0.05), IL-12 p40 secretion in colonic stripe culture (p<0.05) and EGFP expression was observed in luteolin and/or DSS-treated mice compared to water-treated mice. Interestingly, a trend toward a worse colitis (DAI, IL-12p40) was observed in luteolin-treated mice compared to non-treated DSS-exposed mice. In addition, EGFP expression (NF-${\kappa}B$ activity) strongly increased in the luteolin-treated mice compared to control mice. Confocal microscopy showed that EGFP positive cells were primarily lamina propria immune cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that luteolin is not a therapeutic alternative for intestinal inflammatory disorders derived for primary defects in barrier function. Thus, therapeutic intervention targeting these signaling pathways should be viewed with caution.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2016

Objectives : Despite the increased popularity of highly caffeinated beverages, there is little research examining psychiatric adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among pattern of highly caffeinated beverage intake and depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt in Korean adolescents. Methods : The data was obtained from the 2014 Korean Youth's Risk Behavior Web-based Study by Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. All participants conducted web-based questionnaire survey. Chisquare test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association among highly caffeinated beverage intake pattern, depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt adjusting for differences in age, gender, academic achievement, socioeconomic status. Results : A total of 71,638 participants were enrolled in this study. Depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt were significantly more frequent in the group with presence of highly caffeinated beverage intake within 1 week than in non-drinker group(p<0.01). Highly caffeinated beverage intake was significantly associated with suicidal attempt(OR=1.99 ; 95% CI, 1.77-2.22). In addition, depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt were significantly more common in the group with heavy-drinker who exceed recommended daily intake dose of caffeine than in the group with light-drinker(p<0.01). Heavy drinking of caffeinated beverage was significantly associated with suicidal attempt(OR=4.05 ; 95% CI, 3.02-5.43). Conclusions : We found that highly caffeinated beverage intake was related to more frequent depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, plan, attempt in adolescents. Also, caffeine intake which exceed recommended daily intake dose identified the predictor of suicidal attempt. Our result suggested that clinicians need to be aware of the possible psychiatric adverse effects of highly caffeinated beverage in vulnerable population including young adolescents.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.124-134
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• 2021

Water in the Mulgol pond on Dokdo (island), Korea, was historically used for drinking water, but now it has been no longer used for this purpose due to regionally low water quality. Since 2007, this pond has been covered with a metal lid to protect from pollutants of seabirds, indicating limited light penetration into the Mulgol pond. Here, we investigated water quality in the pond and potential relationships of nitrogen components and microbes in May, June, August, and November 2020. The source salinity ranged from 1.39 to 1.57 psu. Suspended solids (0.8~5.1 mg L^-1) and chlorophyll-a (<0.01~0.49 ㎍ L^-1) remained low. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was between 35.9 and 47.2 mg L^-1. Thus, water in the Mulgol pond proves to be brackish water with low chlorophyll-a and high nutrients. This unique environment may be established by limited light intensity, sea fog (or seawater), and fecal pellets from many seabirds. Although the light source (800~8000 lux) was exposed to the four subsamples, chlorophyll-a concentrations were below <0.5 ㎍ L^-1 during the incubation periods. This result suggests that the biomass of phytoplankton does not increase along with an increase in light intensity. Furthermore, the content of nitrate constituted more than 90% of DIN, and a significant negative correlation between nitrate concentration and bacterial abundance was shown in May and June 2020 during the light exposure experiments (R=-0.762, p<0.05). Thus, it is possible that bacteria may be a significant agent to reduce nitrate concentration in the Mulgol pond, the relationship between nitrate concentration and bacterial abundance may vary seasonally.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.280-294
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of social capital characteristics, socio-demographic characteristics, physical condition, and health behavior characteristics on health-related quality of life of the elderly in Korea. Methods: T-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis were performed by applying a complex sample design to 57.787 people aged 65 and over using the 2019 Community Health Survey. Results: First, as a result of complex-sample T-test and ANOVA analysis, it was found that there were differences in health-related quality of life according to social capital characteristics, physical condition & health behavior characteristics, and socio-demographic characteristics. Complex Sample Regression Analysis Results, the explanatory power of the model was 28%. When living in the metropolitan area, living in an apartment building, having a spouse, having a higher household income, economic activity, higher educational attainment, increase sleeping time, walking time, frequent binge drinking, health checkup, networking, trust, and social participation showed higher health-related quality of life. When people were older, their gender was female, higher BMI, number of chronic diseases, and severe stress that showed lower health-related quality of life. Conclusions: It was proved that the factors affecting the health-related quality of life of the elderly are not only physical condition and health behavior factors, but also social capital and socio-demographic characteristics. It was found that the role as a member was important.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2018

Background: Recently, the prevalence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) has been increasing rapidly worldwide over a short period. In Korea, the prevalence of obesity has also increased rapidly due to the rapid socio-economic development and lifestyle changes, with differing patterns according to gender. This study aimed to compare the change in obesity prevalence according to gender among the adult population in Korea using representative data, the National Health Check-up Database (NHCD), to follow-up individuals who had undergone checkups during both years in Korea (2011~2013). Methods: To analyze the changes in obesity prevalence in the recent two years, data regarding men and women who had undergone health check-ups in both two years (2011, 2013) were extracted. The final study population comprised 144,934 persons: 83,604 (58%) males and 61,330 (42%) females. Chi-square test within a univariate analysis, and the level of factor difference was verified with t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison. Results: In 2011, one out of three participants was obese (BMI ${\geq}25kg/m^2$; male, 37.7%; female, 27.3%) and more than half of the subjects were overweight (BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$; male, 65.6%; female, 50.4%) requiring obesity management. For the two years, the BMI of the participants significantly increased (p < .0001) and the prevalence of obesity increased among both males and females. The prevalence of obesity was higher among both genders with a longer duration of smoking, more smoking, family history of hypertension, and family history of diabetes. However, residence, income level, drinking status, psychiatric disorder, disability status and severity of disability were the opposite gender. Conclusion: In the analysis of data, the prevalence of obesity among both men and women was increasing. The degree of change in the prevalence of obesity among men and women was different in each variable. Thus, it will need to consider gender in developing health policies for obesity mediation and to provide integrated healthcare and management for those people.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.7-29
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze comprehensive lifestyle assessment and other assessments which evaluate essential lifestyle factors, including physical activity, nutrition and activity participation. Methods: To analyze the comprehensive lifestyle assessment, from January 2001 to June 2019, a literature search was conducted using the CINANL, NDSL, PubMed, and RISS databases. The search terms were 'lifestyle assessment' OR 'lifestyle profile' OR 'lifestyle test'. In terms of other assessments of essential factors of lifestyle, from January 2010 to June 2019, articles were searched using similar databases. The search terms were 'physical activity assessment' OR 'physical activity participation profile', 'nutrition assessment', 'activity participation assessment' OR 'activity participation and lifestyle'. Results: A total of 4,165 articles were obtained, and finally 31 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Among 31 articles, there were five with comprehensive lifestyle assessments, and all of them were self-report questionnaires. The most popular assessments were the Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile (HELP) and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), which were used in three articles (33%). In terms of assessment of physical activity, the most frequently used evaluation method was the self-report questionnaire, which was used in seven articles (58%) followed by objective assessments, which were used in four articles (33%). It was demonstrated that the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was the most frequently used for nutrition assessment in the elderly. There were five types of assessment tool used for activity participation. Among them, meaningful activity participation assessment (MAPA) was the most frequently used tool. Conclusion: As a result of the systematic review, it was found that there are 21 assessments related to the evaluation of lifestyle in the elderly. Most assessments employed the self-report questionnaire method and mainly evaluated frequency and duration of participation in drinking, smoking, exercise, nutrition and social activities. Assessments of essential lifestyle factors were the self-report questionnaire method and the participation and frequency of activity. Therefore, by analyzing assessment tools, types of items and measurement methods of comprehensive lifestyle assessments and other assessment of essential lifestyle factors, this study provides the basic data on which to develop a standardized assessment tool that can evaluate the multifaceted lifestyle profile of the elderly.