• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.306-316
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to various children's drinks on the color stability of anterior primary teeth and different esthetic restorative materials clinically used in pediatric dentistry. Exfoliated maxillary primary central incisors that had been unaffected by caries were chosen as control group. Maxillary primary central incisor-shaped specimens made of strip crown and Nu-smile zirconia crowns were chosen as test groups. Polished strip resin crowns were additionally prepared to compare with unpolished strip resin crown. Each specimen and teeth were divided into 4 groups in which the test samples (n=5 each) were immersed in 4 different drinks (distilled water, cola, grape juice, jelly juice) for 6 days. In all 4 drink groups, all specimens generally showed increasing ${\Delta}E^*$ value (color difference) with time. Polished resin strip crown had higher ${\Delta}E^*$ value than the unpolished in cola, grape juice and jelly juice groups. ${\Delta}E^*$ value of zirconia crown in cola, grape juice and jelly juice groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary control of children's drinks is required for preventing discoloration of restorative materials.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1345-1352
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• 2010

We investigated the effect of brown-rice vinegar (BRV) ingestion after strenuous Wingate tests on energy substrates during a 2 hr recovery period. For this, seven healthy male adolescents were chosen as subjects. They performed 3 Wingate tests to induce fatigue, after which they ingested brown-rice vinegar (BRV) drink and/or water as a control (CON) after 15 min of the test. Blood was obtained pre-exercise and 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min post-exercise, and blood glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, ammonia, and cortisol were analyzed. After 120 min of recovery period, the 4th Wingate test was conducted to calculate the power recovery ratio of the 3rd and 4th trials. Breathing frequency, oxygen saturation, and heart rate did not show significant changes. Blood glucose level was lower in CON than BRV after 120 min of recovery, and blood lactate and ammonia levels were lower in BRV at 60 and 120 min. The higher free fatty acids were found at 60 and 120 min in BRV. In addition, Wingate power recovery ratio of peak power and peak power/body weight was significantly higher in BRV compared to CON. These results suggested that BRV ingestion after strenuous exercise facilitates fatigue recovery. Therefore, BRV might be effectively used as an ergogenic aid for events in which competitors compete two or more times a day.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.751-759
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• 2014

In this study, we examined the hepatocyte toxicity and protective effects of an extract of Hericium erinacium cultivated with Artemisia capillaris (HEAC), and also examined the hepatocyte protective and antioxidative effects of a mixture of the HEAC and black garlic. At a concentrations of more than 0.05 mg/mL, the HEAC extract significantly reduced cell viability. The extract of HEAC treated with the same ratio of water and ethanol at $80^{\circ}C$ showed the highest hepatocyte protective effect. No significant difference in the hepatocyte protective effect was observed between the mixtures of HEAC with and without black garlic. In addition, higher antioxidative activity was shown with the addition of less black garlic. As a result of the sensory evaluation, a significant difference of sweetness was observed with varying liquid fructose concentration, but there were no significant differences in bitterness, flavor, thickness and overall acceptability according to the liquid fructose concentration.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.85-98
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• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective dental education program and no smoking and no drinking program for high school students who do smoking and drinking, executed investigation by own recording way using smoking and questionnaire consisted of actual conditions and caries prevention awareness and dental health knowledge degree of drinking to some man high school. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence. Result of this study is as following. 1. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a drinking student and main current received most soju. Third-year student appeared by thing which receive a lot of soju than 1 or 2 class student but different other difference was not seen by class. 2. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a smoking student and a student who smoke more than 3 years was the most. I can know was old since third-year student smokes than 1 or 2 class student. 3. It was not difference that keep in mind by drinking, smoking availability although there were many students who recognize that all of the on-time dental medical examination, sugar intake limitation, fluorine inclusion toothpaste, teeth fluorine application are seldom effective on caries prevention. 4. Recognized that right brushing is effective relatively on caries prevention. I was shown difference that recognized that righter brushing is effective on bad tooth courtesy call than a student who a student who do not smoke does, and keeps in mind according to smoking availability ($x^2$=6.78, p<0.05). 5. I knew best about question of 'A caries may not treat if is painless' among that question ask knowledge for a caries, and appeared by thing which do not know best about question of 'Know that method that supply fluorine in water'. 6. A student who do not drink general dental know-how for a caries was high knowledge degree for a caries than a drunk student but it was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability. Also, a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high knowledge degree for a caries than a done student but difference that keep in mind statistically was not seen. 7. It was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability, but a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high relation knowledge degree with food and a caries than a smoked student, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). 8. Awareness and synthetic estimation degree of knowledge degree a student who do not smoke than a smoked student mouth knowledge degree high, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). When see as result such as singularity, family, school, all social institutions may have to help by national business coming and try so that can become national business based on special know-how for development of effective and epoch-making education program as quickly as possible.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4030-4037
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between oral dryness and stress and to collect baseline data for health promotion plan of college students. This research design is correlation study. Data of 835 were collected from May 2 to June 17, 2011, and analyzed using the SPSS PASW Statistics 18.0 Program. There was a statistical significant between oral dryness and perceived health status(p<.001). there were statistical significant in gender(p<.001), age(p<.001), grade(p<.01), major(p<.01), perceived health status(p<.001), exercise(p<.001), smoking(p<.001), drinking(p<.01) between general characteristics and stress. The mean score of oral dryness level was $12.89{\pm}10.15$ from 0 to 60 score range. Higher percentage in oral dryness action was "When I swallowing dry food, drink water or beverage"(48.7%). The mean score of stress was $7.17{\pm}4.78$ from 0 to 20 score range. Oral dryness level was positively related to stress(p<.01) and oral dryness action(p<.001). It is necessary to develop the educational program for health promotion of college students.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.507-515
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of the potential erosion of enamel induced by three different types of commercial fermented milk using the pH cycle model. Methods: Specimens were treated and soaked up in three types of fermented milk and in mineral water for 10 min, four times a day for 8 days, and all of the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva outside of treatment times. The microhardness of the surface was measured by a microhardness tester, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to identify the enamel surface morphology. Results: The differences in the surface microhardness (ΔVHN) of enamel were different among the groups (p<0.05). The four groups were in descending order of ΔVHN: the liquid type group, condensed-drink type group, condensed-stirred type group, and control group. The liquid type group had a higher ΔVHN than the other two fermented milk groups (p<0.05). Based on SEM observation, the most severe surface damage was due to the liquid type of fermented milk. Conclusions: Customers' careful discretion is advised when purchasing these types of fermented milk. This information is anticipated to be of much value in the prevention of dental erosion.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.417-424
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine how combined exercise and acaiberry intake make effects on insulin and glycated hemoglobin of middle-aged women. The middle-aged women in their 40s and 50s were classified into three groups - group A which only had acaiberry intake, group B which both had acaiberry intake and combined exercise, and group C which only underwent the combined exercise. The combined exercise was held three times a week for 8 weeks, each for 60 minutes including warming up and cooling down. The aerobic exercise was carried out for 20 minutes with a treadmill walk with HRmax 50-60% and the resistance movement was carried out for 20 minutes with a strength of 50-60% based on 1RM. The participants were told to have the acaiberry drink before breakfast and dinner, by melting 5g of acaiberry powder to water. 2-way RGRM ANOVA was carried out to process the data for comparing each groups. In conclusion, the 8-weeks of combined exercise and acaiberry ingestion therapy did not improve the insulin and glycated hemoglobin. It is more likely to show clear changes in both elements with longer treatments and controlling the amount of ingestion and exercise intensity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.790-798
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• 2021

The objective of this study was evaluation of pig behavior changes related to temperature, relative humidity, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and illuminance. A total of 24 growing pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were used in the experiment. A sensor was installed at a height of 0.5 m in the center of the pig house. In experiment 1, temperature was changed every four days to 18℃ (T1), 22℃ (T2), 26℃ (T3), and then 30℃ (T4). In experiment 2, relative humidity was adjusted to 45% (low humidity [LH]), 60% (middle humidity [MH]), and then 75% (high humidity [HH]) for four days. In experiment 3, after cleaning the pig house just before experiment, only minimal ventilation was provided. VOCs and pig behaviors were observed for 7 days without cleaning the pig house. In experiment 4, three light bulbs of 40 W (470 lumens / 45 lx; low illuminance [LI]), 75 W (1,055 lumens / 103 lx; middle illuminance [MI]), and 100 W (1,521 lumens / 146 lx; high illuminance [HI]) were used for four days each. Pig behavior analysis was performed for following criteria : Feed intake, Standing, Lying, Sitting, Drink water, Rooting, Posture transition (lying-standing), Posture transition (standing-lying), Wallowing, and Biting. In experiment 1, feed intake time was lower (p < 0.05) for the T3 than other treatment groups. Standing time was highest (p < 0.05) for the T1 and lowest (p < 0.05) for the T3. Lying time was shorter (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 compared to T3 and T4. Drinking frequency was higher (p < 0.05) for the T4 than other treatment groups. In experiment 2, the frequency of rooting and wallowing increased (p < 0.05) with increasing humidity. LH showed the lowest (p < 0.05) rooting frequency and HH showed the highest (p < 0.05) rooting frequency. In experiment 3, VOCs concentration did not (p > 0.05) change pig behavior. In experiment 4, lying time was the longest (p < 0.05) at LI and shortest (p < 0.05) at HI. Therefore, pig behavior is heavily influenced by the environment, especially temperature and humidity. However, correlation between pig behavior to VOCs and illuminance seems to be needed more research.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.355-366
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study was performed to investigate health-related lifestyle, dietary habits, and depression according to exercise frequency to understand complex factors that affect effective health management. Thus, exercise frequency, health-related lifestyle, dietary habits, and depression were evaluated in college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A survey was conducted on college students, aged 19-29, in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas from May 13 to May 31, 2020. A total of 594 questionnaires were collected and 566 (269 from males, 297 from females) were statistically analyzed, except 28 with incomplete responses. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The sex distribution of the 3 groups according to exercise frequency was significantly different; the ratio of males in over 3 times/week group was significantly higher than those in 1-2 times/week group and no-exercise group (P < 0.001). The height (P < 0.001), weight (P < 0.001), and body mass index (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in over 3 times/week group compared to no-exercise group. The ratio of subjects who answered 'good' or 'very good' for subjective health condition was significantly high in the order of 'over 3 times/week' group (59.1%), '1-2 times/week' group (34.5%), and 'no-exercise' group (25.0%) (P < 0.001). The ratio for meal regularity was high as 56.6% in 'over 3 times/week' group and the ratio for irregular meals was significantly higher in 'no-exercise' group (67.2%) and '1-2 times/week' group (54.9%) (P < 0.001). Among questions on dietary habits, 'Eat meat, fish, egg or beans' (P < 0.01) and 'Eat fruit' (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in 'over 3 times/week' group compared to 'no-exercise' group. 'Drink more than 2 liters of water' (P < 0.001) was 0.70 in 'over 3 times/week' group, which was significantly higher than 0.54 in '1-2 times/week' group and 0.38 in 'no-exercise' group. Moderate depression and severe depression that need treatments were significantly lower in 'over 3 times/week' group (18.7%) compared to '1-2 times/week' group (26.0%) and 'no-exercise' group (29.7%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is considered that combined intervention for exercise habits, proper dietary habits, and depression management is needed for effective health management.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2007

The presence of benzene in 31 products of vitamin drinks purchased from 20 retail outlets was determined using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample (25 ml) was stirred at 1200 rpm for 4 min using a magnetic bar with a $100{\mu}m$ SPME fiber as an adsorbent for benzene which was then desorbed from the fiber for 1 min in the GC injector. Quantitation was achieved using the standard addition method. The limit of detection was determined as 0.56 ng/ml and over a concentration range 0-40 ng/ml the coefficient of correlation was greater than 0.999. The concentration of benzene in the drinks examined was in the range not detectable to 47.35 ng/ml. Benzene was detected in 15 of the drinks with concentration in 5 of them greater than 10 ng/ml which is the limit set for the presence of benzene in the Drinking Water Regulations. The concentrations of benzene in the 5 drinks which exceeded the limit of 10 ng/ml were 16.99, 35.14, 16.03, 47.35 and 14.28 ng/ml respectively.