• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.181-201
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• 2018

The cartoon industry in Korea has continued to decline due to the contraction of published comics market and decrease in the number of comic books rental stores until the 2000s when it rapidly started to experience qualitative changes and quantitative growth due to the emergence of webtoon. The market size of webtoon industry, valued at 420 billion won in 2015, is expected to grow to 880.5 billion won by 2018. Notably, most cartoonists who draw cartoon strips are using digital devices and producing scripts in data, thereby overcoming the geographical, spatial and physical limitation of contents. As a result, a favorable environment for the creation of local ecosystems is generated. While the infrastructures of human resources are steadily growing by region, cartoon industries that are supported by the government policy have shown good performance combined with factors of creative infrastructures in local areas such as webtoon experience centers, webtoon campuses and webtoon creation centers, etc. Nevertheless, it is true that cartoon infrastructures are substantially based on a capital area which leads to an imbalanced structure of cartoon industry. To see the statistics, companies of offline cartoon business in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province make up 87%, except for distribution industry. In addition, companies of online cartoon business which are situated outside of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province form merely 7.5%. Studies and research on local webtoon are inadequate. The existing studies on local webtoon usually focus on its industrial and economic values, mentioning the word "local" only sometimes. Therefore, this study looked into the current status of local webtoon of the present time for the current state of local cartoon ecosystem, middle and long-term support from the government, and an alternative in the future. Main challenges include the expansion of opportunities to enjoy cartoon cultures, the independence of cartoon infrastructure, and the settlement of regionally specialized cartoon cultures. It means that, in order to enable the cartoon ecosystem to settle down in local areas, it is vital to utilize and link basic infrastructures. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider independence and autonomy beyond the limited support by the government. Finally, webtoon should be designated as a culture, which can be a new direction of the development of local webtoon. Furthermore, desirable models should be continuously researched and studied, which are suitable for each region and connect them with regional tourism, culture and art industry. It will allow the webtoon industry to soft land in the industry. Local webtoon, which is a growth engine of regions and main contents of the fourth industrial revolution, is expected to be a momentum for the decentralization of power and reindustrialization of regions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

Purpose: Recently, there is an increase of the number of hospitals using auto dispenser to reduce occupational radiation exposure when drawing up of the $^{18}F-FDG$ dose (5.18 MBq/kg) in a syringe from the dramatic high activity of $^{18}F-FDG$ multidose vial. The aim of this study is to confirm that using auto dispenser actually reduces the radiation exposure for technologists. Also we analyzed the reproducibility of auto dispenser to find optimized dispensing method for the device. Materials and Methods: We conducted three experiments. Comparison of radiation exposure on chest and hands: The chest and hands exposure dose received by technologists during the injection were measured by electronic personal dosimeter (EPD) and ring TLD respectively. Reproducibility of dispensed volume: We draw up the normal saline into 5 and 2 mL syringe using auto dispenser by changing the volume from 1 to 15 mm for 5 times in the same setting of the volume. The weight of 5 normal saline dispensed from the device at same volume was measured using micro balance and calculated standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Reproducibility of dispensed radioactivity: We dispensed 362.6 $MBq{\pm}10%$ of $^{18}F-FDG$ in 5 and 2 mL syringes from the multidose vial of different specific activity. In the same setting of volume, we repeated dispensing for 4 times and compared standard deviation and coefficient of variation of radioactivity between 5 syringes. Results: There was significant difference in the average of chest exposure dose according to the dispensing methods (P<0.05). Also, when dispensing $^{18}F-FDG$ in manual method, exposure dose was 11.5 times higher in right hand and 4.8 times higher in left hand than in auto method. In the result of reproducibility of dispensed volume, standard deviation and coefficient of variation shows decline as the dispensing volume increases. As a result of reproducibility of dispensed radioactivity, standard deviation and coefficient of variation increases as the specific activity increases. Conclusion: We approved that the occupational radiation exposure dose of technologists were reduced when dispensing $^{18}F-FDG$ using auto dose dispenser. Secondly, using small syringes helps to increase reproducibility of auto dose dispense. And also, if you lower the specific activity of $^{18}F-FDG$ in multidose vial below 915-1,020 MBq/mL, you can use auto dispenser more effectively keeping the coefficient of variation lower than 10%.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2007

This research was based on self-filling survey which 128 dental hygienists who work in dental clinic and dental hospital on May 2006 through July 2006. This survey was analyzed the prevention against virus infection in dental hygienist at medical treatment. As follows analyzed results The experience of get a hand pricked by an infected needle rate is 76.6 percent and the majority of the dental hygienist are sterilize by disinfectant after wash hand and draw blood. The most of dental hygienist are experienced the education of the prevention infection in student and they think that It is necessary to prevention infection in medical treatment. The proportion of use the glove and mask in medical treatment and disuse the glove after medical treatment and the mask when mask get damped is high but the rate of put on the goggle in medical treatment and use the glove in washing and re-treat is low irrespective of age, clinical career, work place. As a result of Independent-sample T Test, the Hygienist who have experience the education of the prevention against virus infection are more excellent work than in-experience group in medical treatment. So we can find that the experience of the education of the prevention infection is very significant to prevention infection in dental hygienist.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.75-100
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• 2006

This treatise puts with ecology that important topic is becoming in Multimedia age today. Is appearing to some meaning that symbol that. Is nature friendship and nature assimilation in korean verse and modern novel. And is the purpose to draw diachronic and synthetic thought between age and genre is forming by ecological imagination how. Our korean verse thinks of nature as residing space, and is singing life that is nature friendship and nature assimilation in relation of indivisibility sto of human and nature. And nature space of metaphor or symbol is forming by ecological imagination in the modern novel. Therefore, these two genres see that traffic is available in diachronic synthetic relation. First, must escape resolutely in ideas that literature is basing in actuality and search the literature-ecological imagination. Therefore, forward literature may have to look for the literature-ecological imagination with many interests to green literature ecology and show image that move constantly. And must approach appearing common view of nature and the literature-ecological imagination in principle of integration of expropriation and production now all round to our literary productions. Therefore, must do so that can be nature friendship and become practical education model that expropriation of ecological literary productions and production activity foster literary sensibility and imagination. Also, lively research and groping about each genre of a Korean literature are to premised in diachronic and synthetic veins I will. Method groping that adapt on New Age as defending peculiar special quality that founder is keeping korean verse with opened thinking may have to be spread more hard. Therefore, genre of novel can may ready the one clue to grope confrontation method naturally to secure new identity in new literature environment of digital age.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2011

Recent outbreak of new diseases and pests which were introduced from abroad, seriously hampered both quality and safety of paprika fruits. This study has been carried out to aid an establishment of guideline for safe use of pesticides and reduction of their residues on paprika. Systemic fungicides boscalid and pyraclostrobin of either mixed (a.i.; 13.6+6.8%) or single (a.i.; 47 and 18.8%, respectively) water dispersible granule formulation(WG) products were sprayed with recommended or double dosage on paprika grown in green house at March and June. To draw pre-harvest residue limit, residues of each fungicide were analyzed from fruits collected eight times from 18 to 1 day pre-harvest. The biological half-lives of both boscalid and pyraclostrobin in mixed formulation in March and June were slightly shorter than those of single formulation which ranged from 14.4 to 20.1 days. Residue levels of both fungicides of single formulation in fruits in June were about one lower compared to those in March. However, application of double dosage frequently exceeded MRLs from fruits grown both seasons. These results showed that residue levels on fruits persisted longer period of time, more than two weeks, and so the case applied in winter season. The dissipation of fungicides on leaves and fruits was compared. The distribution of both fungicides in leaves was 20-200 times higher than that of fruits and persisted up to 18 days of pre-harvest period at the concentration of 10-40 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. This study indicated that the mixed formulation product exhibited low residues in fruits, but high and long enough to pathogen growth in leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.142-151
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• 2020

This study is designed to deduce an implication for an effective implementation of the Special Act for Conservation, Management and Utilization of World Heritage in Korea which was legislated in February, 2020. To draw an implication, which is regarded as highly valuable for preparing for the implementation of the act, several case studies were performed focusing on four World Natural Heritage sites in Japan, and the result is as follows. First, it is enormously crucial for the central administration agencies and the local government to have a system through which they communicate one another regularly. All the target areas in Japan consist of three national parks and a prefectural park with natural monuments, and the national forest covers a tremendously large proportion of the areas. The Japanese central agencies including Ministry of the Environment, Forestry Agency and Agency for Cultural Affairs have communication with the local government through a system named Regional Liaison Committee in order to manage the sites effectively. Also, in the case of Japan, de facto administrating agencies involving non-profit organizations and the tourism association also participate in the regular conferences to communicate. Second, a specific committee consisting of academic advisers is strongly needed. In the case of Japan, Scientific Committee provides academic grounds for the management plan established by the members of Regional Liaison Committee, and an active system which allows the members to organize consultative committees and subcommittees has been established. Scientific Committee plays an important role in preventing the local government, which tends to manage the world natural heritage in more economically profitable ways, from damaging the environment of the site. The establishment of this type of committee is thought to be extremely desirable because the World Natural Heritage requires comprehensive and sustainable management plans on the ecosystem. Third, establishment of comprehensive management plan based on continuous monitoring on the environment and detailed action plan is exceedingly needed. To sum up, it is vital to establish a management plan considering environmental aspect, and detailed guidelines, which help execute the plan both properly and effectively, are required for systematic and sustainable management.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.43
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• pp.177-204
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• 2015

The Korean Criminal Code ${\S}10$ (1) provides that "The act of a person who, because of mental disorder, is unable to make discriminations or to control one's will, shall not be punished". Therefore, it'll not be able to be given criminal punishment if a mentally defective person is determined to lack the criminal liability. The problem about judging the criminal liability for the mentally defective person exists in areas where the criminal law intersects with psychiatry. Although the supreme court ultimately judges whether the criminal liability by mental defectiveness exists or not, the judgment of mental defectiveness, which is biological element, needs psychiatric knowledge and it is no wonder to rely on this. In particular, a change is required in the procedure and contents of mental examination for a mentally defective person as implementation of the Civil Participation in Criminal Jury Trial. It is needed the improvement of procedure to submit more accurate mental examination and the result of it in order that jurors are able to understand the result of mental examination and make an decision. This is because jurors consisting of ordinary citizens take part in trial. For guaranteeing the precise result of mental examination in the criminal justice procedure, it is necessary to establish the pool of manpower consisting of psychiatrists or psychologists who have completed the specific educational programs about the criminal justice and legal psychiatry, and it is desired to carry out the psychiatric test with selecting appraisers who belong to a pool of manpower. Furthermore, it is required to draw up and submit the written appraisal of mental examination which is easy to be known because of considering the nonprofessional of jurors consisting of ordinary citizens in the Civil Participation in Criminal Jury Trial. In order to gain a fair verdict of the jury about whether mental defectiveness exists or not, it is recommended the prompt submission of the written appraisal of mental examination, the presentation of the written appraisal of mental examination summarizing the important contents, and making out the written appraisal of mental examination for jurors to understand it easily.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.56-74
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to draw an implication regarding "Han-jeong-rok" as the proposal on modern lifestyle. This study classified the behavioral patterns pursued in "Han-jeong-rok" in addition to the 'psychological method of practice' and the 'practical method of practice' for the realization of such behavioral patterns pursued in conducting the study. The outcome of this study can be summed up as follows. The result of reviewing the mainstream modern lifestyle indicated that in the well-being craze, practical and selfish tendency were prominent and the side effect of distorted culture of consumerism were also evident. Lohas faced the limitations of lifestyle led by marketing. The slow movement can be differentiated in that it takes even immaterial aspects into consideration including the value of life and etc. However it faces the limitation of being led by community. In the healing craze, modern day people thirst for something that can heal them. All of these people have strong tendency of relying on the external factors for their personal health and well being, and it possesses a weak point in that it can easily be linked to commercial viability. Compared to the same, the implication that Heo Gyun can gain from "Han-jeong-rok" can be summed up as follows. First, "Han-jeong-rok" emphasizes the point that the agent of life is one's self. The modern lifestyle is practical and relies on the external factors, where as Heo Gyun emphasizes that it should start with a serious introspection of life itself. Second, it emphasizes the psychological aspects in leading a leisurely life. Starting with elegant scenic beauty to reading and sophisticated hobbies among others, it indicates that internal satisfaction can be gained and that self-contentment free from cares, is possible. Third, it proposes standardized 'psychological method of practice' and the 'practical method of practice' for the leisurely life. Materialistic and psychological balance is also emphasized in 'practical method of practice'. The limitations of this study is that it was not a clear comparison with "Han-jeong-rok" between contemporary lifestyle and it had stayed in a review study for implications. Furthermore, there is a need for additional study regarding the concept related to landscape and cases included in the "Han-jeong-rok".

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.146
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• pp.307-328
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• 2018

The use of thought experiments has a long history in many disciplines including science. In the field of philosophy, thought experiments have frequently appeared in the pre-existing literature on the contemporary Analytic Philosophy. A thought experiment refers to a synthetic environment where the designer of the experiment-with his or her intuition and imagination-tests common-sense knowledge. It can be understood as a conceptual tool for testing the validity of the common understanding of an issue or a phenomenon. However, we are not certain about the usefulness or efficacy of a thought experiment in knowledge production. The design of a thought experiment is meant to lure readers into believing as intended by the experiment itself. Thus, regardless of the purpose of a thought experiment, many readers who encounter the experiment could feel deceived. In this paper, to analyze the logic of thought experiments and to seek the source of uneasiness the readers and critics may feel about thought experiments, I draw lessons from three renowned thought-experiments: Thomson's 'ailing violinist', Putnam's 'brain in a vat', and Searle's 'Chinese room'. Imaginative thought experiments are usually constructed around a gap between the reality and the knowledge/information at hand. From the three experiments, several lessons can be learned. First, the evidence of the existence of a gap provided via thought experiments can serve as arguments for counterfactual situations. At the same time, the credibility and efficacy of the thought experiments can be damaged as soon as the thought-experiments are carried out with inappropriate and/or murky directions regarding the procedures of the experiment or the background of the study. According to D. R. Hofstadter and D. C. Dennett(1981), the 'knob setting' in a thought experiment can be altered in the middle of a simulation of the experimental condition, and then the implications of the thought experiment change altogether, indicating that an entirely different conclusion can be deduced from thought experiment. Lastly, some pre-suppositions and bias of the experiment designers play a considerable role in the validity and the chances of success of a thought experiment; thus, it is recommended that the experiment-designers refrain from exercising too much of their imagination in order to avoid contaminating the design of the experiment and/or wrongly accepting preconceived/misguided conclusions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.491-514
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• 2022

Public reforms based on New Public Management have made the public sector specialized, and accordingly the role of public administration has expanded as well as the demand on professional jobs has increased. On the other hand, with the rapid development of information and communication technology, the data produced by public sector organizations has also significantly increased. This environmental changes made data management and a data management job in the public sector critical. However, there have been very few studies of conceptualizations and systematic investigations on data management jobs. Moreover, specific definitions, types or qualifications of/for a data management job or a person who do this job are rarely reflected in relevant laws and regulations. Based on the systematic literature review, this study conceptualized professionalism, identified its multiple dimensions, and draw a conceptual research framework. Focusing on the professional control on personnel management which is one of the dimensions of professionalism, relevant laws, work guidelines and job descriptions included in job openings were analyzed with regard to a data management job in the public sector. The findings are as follows. First, an assigned role and responsibility associated with a data management job have vague boundaries. Second, work guidelines and manuals only focus on the post quality control stage rather than equally addressing all the eight stages of the data lifecycle. Third, neither a data management job in the public sector nor a person who take care of this job is not appropriately defined. Therefore, a role and responsibility of/for the job and a person in charge should be reflected in the relevant laws and guidelines in a tailored way. More importantly, job analyses and evaluations should be thoroughly conducted to enhance professionalism on data management jobs in the long term.