• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.171-187
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to determine if Orostachys japonicus A. Berger herbal acupuncture (OjB) provides the protective effect against the loss of cell viability and DNA damage induced by oxidant in renal proximal tubular cells. Methods : The cell viability was evaluated by a MTT reduction assay and DNA damage was estimated by measuring double stranded DNA breaks in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established proximal tubular cell line. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : H2O2 increased the loss of cell viability in a time-dependent manner, which were prevented by 0.1% OjB. The protective effect of OjB was dose-dependent over concentration range of 0.05-0.5%. H2O2 caused ATP depletion and DNA damage, which were prevented by OjB and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. The loss of cell viability by H2O2 was not affected by the antioxidant DPPD, but lipid peroxidation by the oxidant was completely inhibited by DPPD. Generation of superoxide and H2O2 in neutrophils activated by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate was inhibited by OjB in a dose-dependent manner. OjB inhibited generation of H2O2 in OK cells treated with antimycin A and exerted a direct H2O2 scavenging effect. Exposure of OK cells to 1 mM tBHP caused a significant depletion of glutathione which was prevented by OjB. OjB accelerated the recovery in cells cultured for 20 hr in normal medium without oxidant following oxidative stress. Conclusions : These results suggest that OjB exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced cell injury and its protective effect was resulted from radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.497-502
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• 2012

Since the year 2000, the production and consumption of broccoli have rapidly increased in Korea. And, the average production area and amount were about 1,700 ha and 29,000 ton for the past 5 years. Even with the increase of these cultivation and consumption, more than 95% of the broccoli seeds are currently imported from foreign countries such as Japan and Netherlands. Therefore, development of domestic broccoli varieties is needed to relieve Korean farmers' production cost for broccoli. In this situation, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Korea has tried to develop F1 hybrid varieties from elite lines that were obtained by microspore cultivation method from 2008. As the results, about 850 lines of broccoli were obtained and self-pollinated. Then their ploidy levels of the genome were confirmed to select double haploid (D.H.) lines. And the D.H. lines' horticultural traits were evaluated in open field. After the selection of 17 elite D.H. lines, they were cross-pollinated with a male sterile (MS) line to produce F1 hybrid seeds. After 2 to 3 years field trials of these F1 hybrid varieties at the area of Suwon, Gangneung, and Jeju respectively, two hybrid varieties such as 'Wongyo8011' and 'Wongyo8012' are selected for the application of variety protection. With these 4 years of research, we found that the microspore cultivation method is a powerful tool for the conventional breeding program, especially for the development of various inbred lines and even F1 hybrid varieties in short time.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2009

We found that silymarin exhibited the inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in a spontaneously immortalized mouse melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. Silymarin is a standardized extract obtained from the dried seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn.). Silymarin significantly prevented melanin production in a dose-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ value of 28.2 ${\mu}g/mL$ without effects on cell viability. Also, silymarin inhibited tyrosinase activity in melanocyte, while it did not affect the catalytic activity of cell-free tyrosinase. Furthermore, Western blot analysis indicated that silymarin decreased the expression of tyrosinase protein. Silybin A/B and isosilybin A/B were also able to inhibit melanin production and tyrosinase expression in protein level. Double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 2 % silymarin showed that silymarin have a significant skin whitening effect. Therefore, this study suggests that silymarin may be useful as a natural skin whitening agent.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.56-72
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• 1998

Vest is a general term for a sleeveless upper garment and it derives from a kolobus of a sleeveless tunic style that was started to be worn as a substitution of a chiton by the peasantry in Greek period. The kolobus started to be called a colobium or a tunica from Roman period and the former was named for a vest style tunica which was worn by the people of the lower classes in early Roman period. Similarly, a German colobium of North Europe which was worn during the same period was the same kind of clothe as the Roman colobium. The colobium came to be worn over a dalmatica as an outer garment by early Christians when it was the Middle Ages, who succeeded the tradition of colobium as they went through ancient Rome, Creek and Byzantine days. North Germans also succeeded the colobium tradition of ancient Germans as it was and so continued to wear it in tight style. The simple vest style of colobium was getting vanished from the mid of the Middle Agnes and a new style of vest named jupon was started to be worn by soldiers. The jupon was to protect soldiers' bodies from either were cold weather or enemies wearing under armors as it was made with double cotton pad by quilt. From 14th century, the jupon began to be worn by not only soldiers but also the humble of lower classes. All the jupon which were made in quilting and padding of that time began to be named a pourpoint by the humble. When Renaissance in 16th century came, the pourpoint began to be developed to an exaggerating body-line style. The neckline of pourpoint was getting highly influenced by Spain and a peacecod-belly of it emphasized the exaggerated masculine beauty of Renaissance by padding in round. The sleeves were puffed out and the whole purpoint was made to expose an inner chemise by slashing vertically or obliquely. But in 17th century, the pourpoint has been changed into more simple style without padding, puffing out and slashing influenced by the citizens' clothes of Netherlands. The pourpoint came to be more comfortable bulky style with short sleeves or sleeveless and straight side lines. The pourpoint in mid 17th century turned to be a bolero jacket style by gradually being tightened. It had been then changed into a vest style with sleeves and worn under an overcoat with the name of vest in the end of 17th century. The early vest was 2∼3 inches les in length than the overcoat and had long sleeves and many ornamental buttons on front. It was also made as a home wear to be worn it alone at home. In 18th century, the length of the vest became shorter compared with that of 17th century and the most important decorative item in clothes. It again came to have complete sleeveless vest style and had very short length reaching waist in the end of 18th century. When it was in 19th century, the vest had developed into more various style and colors and style had been applied to be worn by individuals with their tastes. Around the end of 19th century, the increasing tendency to be casual by industrialization influenced on clothes in all aspects of life and so the male vest has been gradually changed into more casual style. Nowadays, it has been developing into various uses in modern male clothes to show their characters.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.54-70
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• 2017

The accumulator is a passive safety injection device for emergency core cooling systems. As an important safety feature for providing a high-speed injection flow to the core by compressed nitrogen gas pressure during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), the accumulator injects its precharged nitrogen into the system after its coolant has been emptied. Attention has been drawn to the possible negative effects caused by such a nitrogen injection in passive safety nuclear power plants. Although some experimental work on the nitrogen injection has been done, there have been no comparative tests in which the effects on the system responses and the core safety have been clearly assessed. In this study, a new thermal hydraulic integral test facility-the advanced core-cooling mechanism experiment (ACME)-was designed and constructed to support the CAP1400 safety review. The ACME test facility was used to study the nitrogen injection effects on the system responses to the small break loss-of-coolant accident LOCA (SBLOCA) transient. Two comparison test groups-a 2-inch cold leg break and a double-ended direct-vessel-injection (DEDVI) line break-were conducted. Each group consists of a nitrogen injection test and a nitrogen isolation comparison test with the same break conditions. To assess the nitrogen injection effects, the experimental data that are representative of the system responses and the core safety were compared and analyzed. The results of the comparison show that the effects of nitrogen injection on system responses and core safety are significantly different between the 2-inch and DEDVI breaks. The mechanisms of the different effects on the transient were also investigated. The amount of nitrogen injected, along with its heat absorption, was likewise evaluated in order to assess its effect on the system depressurization process. The results of the comparison and analyses in this study are important for recognizing and understanding the potential negative effects on the passive core cooling performance caused by nitrogen injection during the SBLOCA transient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.165-165
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• 2010

$1.55\;{\mu}m$ 대역의 레이저 다이오드를 제작하기 위해, InP(001) 기판에 InAlGaAs 물질을 장벽층으로 하는 InAs 양자점 구조를 분자선증착기 (MBE)를 이용하여 성장하고 구조 및 광학적 특성을 Double Crystal X-ray Diffraction (DCXRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Photoluminescence (PL)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 일반적으로 InAlGaAs 물질은 고유한 상분리 현상 (Phase Separation)이 나타나는 특성이 있으며, 이는 양자점 성장에 중요한 요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 이러한 InAlGaAs 물질의 상분리 현상을 기판온도 ($540^{\circ}C$, $555^{\circ}C$, $570^{\circ}C$)를 비롯한 성장변수를 변화시켜 제어하고 InAs 양자점 형성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 540의 성장온도에서 InP(001) 기판에 격자정합한 InAlGaAs 장벽층이 성장온도를 $570^{\circ}C$로 증가시킬 경우 기판에 대하여 인장 응력 (Tensile Strain)을 받는 구조로 변화되었다. 인장응력을 받는 InAlGaAs 장벽층을 Ga Flux 양을 조절하여 격자정합한 InAlGaAs 층을 형성할 수 있었다. AFM을 통한 표면 형상 분석 결과, 서로 다른 기판온도에서 성장한 InAlGaAs 물질이 InP(001) 기판에 격자정합 조건일지라도 표면의 거칠기 (Surface Roughness)는 매우 다른 양상을 보였고 InAs 양자점 형성에 직접적으로 영향을 주었다. $570^{\circ}C$에서 성장한 InAlGaAs 위에 형성한 InAs 양자점의 가로방향 크기를 세로방향 크기로 나눈 비율이 1.03으로서, 555와 $540^{\circ}C$의 1.375 와 1.636와 비교할 때 모양 대칭성이 현저히 개선된 것을 알 수 있다. 상분리 현상이 줄어 표면 거칠기가 좋은 InAlGaAs 위에 양자점을 형성할 때 원자들의 이동도가 상대적으로 높아 InAs 양자점의 크기가 증가하고, 밀도가 감소하는 현상이 나타났다. 또한 InAlGaAs 장벽층이 InP(001) 기판을 기준으로 응력 (Compressive 또는 Tensile)이 존재하는 경우, InAs 양자점 모양이 격자정합 조건 보다 비대칭적으로 변하는 특성을 보여 주었다. 이로부터, 대칭성이 개선된 InAs 양자점 형성에 InAlGaAs 장벽층의 표면 거칠기와 응력이 중요한 변수로 작용함을 확인 할 수 있었다. PL 측정 결과, 발광파장은 $1.61\;{\mu}m$로 InAs 양자구조 형상에 따라 광강도 (Intensity), 반치폭 (Line-width broadening) 등이 변화 되었다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.128-132
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• 2013

A new pink gerbera (Gerbera hybrida Hort.) cultivar 'Party Time' was developed from a cross between 'Hope' and 'Sunnyeo', followed by seedling and line selections at the Flower Research Institute of Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) in 2007. Detailed characteristics of the new cultivar were evaluated from 2005 to 2007. 'Party Time' has semi-double type large flowers in a good harmony with pink (RHS, 65-C) ray floret and brown center. It has a good, stable flower shape and strong peduncles, and its vase life was 12.7 days. The average flower yield of 'Party Time' was about 47.3 stems per plant a year in greenhouse yield trails carried out 2005 to 2007. 'Party Time' (Grant No. 2691) was registered to the Korea Seed and Variety Service (KSVS) for commercialization in 2009.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.789-795
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• 2015

The new garden chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) cultivar 'Nuri Ball' was developed at Yesan Chrysanthemum Experiment Station of Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2011. 'Nuri Ball' was bred through a cross between the '02-145-01' line as the female parent with yellow flower color and '02-04-32' as the male plant with white flower color in 2004. Three years of adaptation trials were conducted from 2006 to 2009 under natural conditions. This study compared the external shape type with that of 'White Miri' and conducted ploidy and RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) marker analyses. These tests showed that 'Nuri Ball' cultivar has its own characteristics compared with the control 'White Miri'. 'Nuri Ball' was a shrub type variety with semi-double flowers of 4.0 cm in width with white petals. It could produce 1025.2 flowers per plant in autumn. Compared with the control 'White Miri', 'Nuri Ball' was similar in terms of shape and color of flowers, but was different in flower size and number. The natural flowering time of 'Nuri Ball' was late September. It had very vigorous growth and an early budding plant. 'Nuri Ball' was demonstrated to be a new cultivar based on ploidy test and RAPD analysis. 'Nuri Ball' is intended for use as a bed chrysanthemum and expected to contribute to farm incomes in landscaping.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2941-2946
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• 2016

Background: The limitations of total serum PSA values remain problematic, especially after an initial negative prostate biopsy. In this prospective study of Chilean men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer due to a persistently elevated total serum PSA, abnormal digital rectal examination and initial negative prostate biopsy were compared with the use of the on-line Chun nomagram, detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) and free percent PSA to predict a positive second prostate biopsy. We hypothesized that men negative for circulating prostate cells have a small risk of clinically significant prostate cancer and thus may be conservatively observed. Men positive for circulating prostate cells should undergo biopsy to confirm prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Consecutive men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer underwent 12 core TRUS prostate biopsy; age, total serum PSA and percentage free PSA and Chun nomagram scores were registered. Immediately before biopsy an 8ml blood simple was taken to detect primary mCPCs. Mononuclear cells were obtained by differential gel centrifugation and identified using double immunostaining with anti-PSA and anti-P504S. Biopsies were classifed as cancer/no-cancer, mCPC detecton test as negative/positive and the total number of cells/8ml registered. Areas under the curve (AUC) for percentage free PSA, Chun score and CPCs were calculated and compared. Diagnostic yields were calculated with reference to the number of possible biopsies that could be avoided and the number of clinically significant cancers that would be missed. Results: A total of 164 men underwent a second biopsy; 41 (25%) had cancer; the AUCs were 0.65 for free PSA, 0.76 for the Chun score and 0.87 for CPC detection, the last having a significantly superior prediction value (p=0.01). Using cut off values of free PSA <10%, Chun score >50% and ${\geq}1$ CPC detected, CPC detection had a higher diagnostic yield. Some 4/41 cancers complied with the criteria for active surveillance, free PSA and the Chun score missed a higher number of significant cancers when compared with CPC detection. Conclusions: Primary CPC detection outperformed the use of free PSA and the Chun nomagram in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer at repeat prostate biopsy.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.595-598
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• 2009

A new yellow gerbera (Gerbera hybrida Hort.) cultivar "Golden Time" was developed from a cross between '99-ga-2' and '99-na-7-6', followed by seedling and line selections at the Flower Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (ARES) in 2007. Detailed characteristics of the new cultivar were evaluated from 2004 to 2007. "Golden Time" has semi-double type large flowers in a good harmony with yellow (RHS, 17-B) ray floret and brown center. It has good, stable flower shape and strong peduncles, and its vase life was 12.3 days. The average flower yield of "Golden Time" was about 49.5 stems per plant/year in greenhouse trails during 2004 and 2007. This cultivar was registered to the Korea Seed and Variety Service (KSVS) for commercialization in 2009. Year-round production of this cultivar is possible in the greenhouse condition throughout the Korean climate.