• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

N fertilizer required by rice could be reduced greatly in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system. This study was conducted to investigate how much of the N fertilizer during the early stage of rice in the rice-barley double cropping system, could be saved compared to that in the rice single cropping system. This experiment was carried out at the paddy field of the National Crop Experiment Station in Suwon, Korea during three years from 1999 to 2001. Amounts of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and SPAD values of rice leaf during rice growing season in the rice-barley double cropping system were higher than those in the rice single cropping system under the same amount of N application during two years. Yield and N uptakes of rice at harvesting time were also higher in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system during two years. Yield and N uptake of rice in the rice single cropping system were decreased when basal N fertilizer was omitted, but those reductions were not found by either omitting basal N fertilizer or omitting N fertilizer at tillering stage in the rice-barley double cropping system during 2000 and 2001. But yield and N uptakes of rice were decreased by 70 kg/10a and 2kgN/10a by the omission of both N application at basal and tillering stages in the rice-barley double cropping system in 2002. It was concluded that N fertilizer as much as tillering N fertilizer could be saved in the rice-barley double cropping system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2016

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and methane ($CH_4$) were measured in a rice-barley double cropping and rice mono cropping paddy fields, which are located in the southwestern coast of Korea, over a one-year period. Net ecosystems $CO_2$ exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (Re) were estimated by the eddy covariance (EC) method, and an automatic open/close chamber (AOCC) method was used to measure $CH_4$ fluxes. Environmental factors (solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation etc.) were also measured along with fluxes. After the quality control and gap-filling, the observed fluxes were analyzed. As a result, NEE was -603.0 and $-471.5g\;C\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$ in rice-barley double cropping and rice mono cropping paddy field, respectively. $CH_4$ emissions increased during the course of flooded days and were similar in two cropping paddy field. Accoding to rough results considering only fluxes of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$, it was estimated that the carbon absorbation in rice-barley double cropping paddy field was higher than that in rice mono cropping paddy field by $128.9g\;C\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.488-490
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• 2006

In double cropping fields, there has been a risk of increase rice stripe viral disease outbreaking as the vector, small brown planthopper that overwinter in barley fields increases. Especially rice cultivation in Honam region has two types of cropping system such as rice only cropping in a season and double cropping both of rice and barley. In double cropping system, harvesting of barley could induce migration of the vector from barley to rice field. We found that the vector's density was different in rice fields by distance from barley field. The vector's density in rice field was highest 63 numbers within one meter from the neighbor barley field, and the numbers reduced greatly as the distance from barley field increases. The disease incidence according to rice cultivation methods was different, Donjin 1 was appeared to be a susceptible variety showing 2.4% and 2.5% of disease incidence in direct and transplanting cultivation, respectively. The small brown planthopper in a nearby rice field reach peak 3 days after the barley field was harvested.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.459-463
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• 2001

Changes of rice yield and soil physicochemical properties of the dry-seeded rice-barley double cropping system were investigated for 10 years from 1990 to 1999. Generally, seedling stand was more unstable in the rice-barley cropping system regardless of barley straw addition or removal than in the rice single cultivation as indicated by higher standard deviation of seedling stand across year. Rice yield in rice-barley double cropping cultivation was increased due to barley straw application starting from the second year, recording 2 to 19％ increase (average of 9％ for 10 years) due to higher spikelet number. Protein content and Mg/K equivalent ratio were similiar among the barley straw applied field, rice single crop and barley straw removed plots. Also, amylose content was not significantly different among cropping patterns. Physicochemical properties of soil was improved by applying the barley straw; soil porosity was higher and content of organic matter and cation exchange capacity of Ca increased but those of Mg and K did not differ.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

Because main barley straw management is changing these days from off-fields to burning that may relate to air quality concerning the global warming, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of barley-straw management practices on greenhouse gas emissions during rice cultivation in rice-barley double cropping system. The treatments were barley straw burning, off-field usage of barley straw and incorporation of barley straw in paddy fields. Laboratory experiment showed that burning of barley straw at the rate of $4.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ emitted GHGs in the amounts of 4,607, 19.5, and $0.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$, respectively. During the rice cultivation of the rice-barley double cropping system, the highest GHG emission by evaluated close-static chamber method was observed from the soil incorporation of barley straw with 387 and $1.0kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$, respectively. The GHGs emissions from the barley straw burning and off-field usage treatments were 233 and $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ for $CH_4$ and 0.80 and $0.79kg\;ha^{-1}$ for $N_2O$, respectively. The barley straw burning treatment showed the greatest GHGs emission among barley straw management practices in rice-barley double cropping system when considering GHGs emissions both during burning and from paddy fields during the cropping seasons. As a result, the GHGs emissions recorded in the barley straw incorporation to soil and off-field usage treatments were 22.4 and 66.8%, respectively, less than sum of GHGs emissions from the burning of barley straw and from paddy fields during rice cultivation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

In this study, changes in virus disease occurrence and yield were monitored in conventional cropping system(rice-barley) and soybean-barley double cropping system in virus-prone area for 5 years. Also, changes in the density of Polymyxa graminis, a fungal vector, was investigated. In assay tests, mixed infection of Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) was observed. Disease severity was in the range of 7~9 in conventional cropping system. In continuous cropping of soybean-barley and 3-yearfallow land, disease severity also was around 7. However, disease severity was reduced to medium level (5) when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years in soybean-barley cropping. When barley cultivation was paused for a year, the density of P. graminis, a fungal vector for BaYMV and BaMMV, reduced in barley root and soil. Similarly, barley growth was also enhanced by adopting fallow seasons. Compared with the fifth year of conventional cropping, the number of tillers per $m^2$ was increased by 158 when barley cultivation was paused for an year in soybean-barley cropping. When soybean and barley were cultivated continuously or complete fallow period was extended to three years, plant height and the number of tillers of barley were decreased. Yield components of barley in soybean-barley cropping were superior to those in rice-barley cropping. Compared with the fifth year of conventional cropping and soybean-barley cropping, culm length of barley was 1.3~2.3 cm higher and the number of tillers per $m^2$ was 36~90 higher when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years. However, those in continuous cropping of soybean-barley and 3-year-fallow land were lower compared with conventional cropping. Similarly, yield was increased when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years in the third, forth, and fifth years when compared with conventional cropping.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

Fluxes of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) were measured above crop canopy using the Eddy Covariance (EC) method, and emission rate of methane ($CH_4$) was measured using Automatic Open/Close Chamber (AOCC) method during the 2012-2013 barley and rice growing season in a barley-rice double cropping field of Gimje, Korea. The net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of $CO_2$ in the paddy field was analyzed to be affected by crop growth (biomass, LAI, etc.) and environment (air temperature, solar radiation, etc.) factors. On the other hand, the emission rate of $CH_4$ was estimated to be affected by water management (soil condition). NEE of $CO_2$ in barley, rice and fallow period was -100.2, -374.1 and $+41.2g\;C\;m^{-2}$, respectively, and $CH_4$ emission in barley and rice period was 0.2 and $17.3g\;C\;m^{-2}$, respectively. When considering only $CO_2$, the barley-rice double cropping ecosystem was estimated as a carbon sink ($-433.0g\;C\;m^{-2}$). However, after considering the harvested crop biomass ($+600.3g\;C\;m^{-2}$) and $CH_4$ emission ($+17.5g\;C\;m^{-2}$), it turned into a carbon source ($+184.7g\;C\;m^{-2}$).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.355-363
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate suitable rice cultivars for various rice based cropping systems in a paddy field in the Yeongnam plain area. Thirteen rice cultivars (5 early, 3 medium and 5 mid-late maturing cultivars) and three transplanting dates (June 5, June 25 and July 5) were evaluated in this study. The mid-late and early maturing cultivars for the July 5 and June 25 transplanting headed before August 30 which is the safe heading date in the Yeongnam plain area, ranging from Aug. 26 - 28 and Aug. 18 - 23, respectively. The safe harvest time of rice for double and triple cropping systems should be before the middle of October for the cultivation of the succeeding winter crops. The rice yield was the highest for the June 5 transplanting regardless of the rice cultivars, and it gradually decreased as the transplanting date was delayed from June 5 to July 5 due to a decrease in the spikelet numbers per panicle number and in the ripened grain rate. In contrast, the other yield parameters that include the panicle number per $m^2$, the 1,000-brown rice weight, and the ripened grain ratio were not significantly affected. The result indicates that based on the milled rice, heading time and harvest time, a medium maturing cultivar (Haiami and Samdeog) would be applicable to a winter barley/wheat, garlic/onion-summer rice double cropping, while a mid-late cultivar (Saeilmi, Saenuri and Hyunpoom) would be suitable for a spring potato/waxy corn-summer rice double cropping in the Yeongnam plain area. On the other hand, an early maturing cultivar (Unkwang, Jokwang and Haedamssal) would be preferable for a triple cropping because of the short growth period of rice.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2000

To investigate the effect of amount of nitrogen application on decomposition of barley straw, growth and yield of rice in paddy field of double cropping, this study was conducted to Jeonbuk series at the Honam area from 1997 to 1998. Carbon persistence of barley straw was lowered while nitrogen persistence rate was increased as increasing amount of nitrogen application and carbon -nitrogen ratio was not decreased as increasing amount of nitrogen application. Soil microflora under barley straw application was high in order of actinomycetes>cellulosedecomposer>bacteria>fungi. Nitrogen starvation under barley straw application showed at tillering stage of rice, but this was not appeared in plot of N $144kg\;ha^{-1}$ application. Plant height, culm length and ear length of rice plant by barley straw application were short, but those of N $108kg\;ha^{-1}$ application was not different from compared with none-application barley straw. Rice yield of N $108kg\;ha^{-1}$ applied barley straw was smiliar to none-application barley straw, but that of N 90. $144kg\;ha^{-1}$ was highly decreased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.562-568
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• 1995

Changes in rice yield and soil chemistry of dry seeded rice in double cropping of rice and barley were investigated at National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station during 5 years (1990-1994). Barley straw added or removed dry seeding had safe rice seedling stand for good rice production. However, the coefficient of variation of seedling stand by year was higher than dry seeding in rice single crop. Rice seedling height was slightly reduced by barley straw incorporation. However, it recovered soon as rice growing progressed. Heading time delayed 4 days in flat seeding method but not in high-ridged seeding method which imply that. this is more safe seeding technology than flat seeding method. Comparing to rice single crop, barley straw added dry seeding increased rice yield by 2∼19%(Average of 5 years: 8%) from second year due to higher panicle and spikelet number. Contents of organic matter was 2.71% in 1990. In 1994, it decreased 2.61% for rice single crop, while increased 3.02% and 3.41% for barley straw removed or added field, respectively. Rice grain quality was not significantly different among cropping patterns.