Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Carbon Budget between Rice-barley Double Cropping and Rice Mono Cropping Field in Gimje, South Korea

국내 벼-보리 이모작지와 벼 단작지의 탄소수지 비교

  • Received : 2016.09.07
  • Accepted : 2016.12.21
  • Published : 2016.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and methane ($CH_4$) were measured in a rice-barley double cropping and rice mono cropping paddy fields, which are located in the southwestern coast of Korea, over a one-year period. Net ecosystems $CO_2$ exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (Re) were estimated by the eddy covariance (EC) method, and an automatic open/close chamber (AOCC) method was used to measure $CH_4$ fluxes. Environmental factors (solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation etc.) were also measured along with fluxes. After the quality control and gap-filling, the observed fluxes were analyzed. As a result, NEE was -603.0 and $-471.5g\;C\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$ in rice-barley double cropping and rice mono cropping paddy field, respectively. $CH_4$ emissions increased during the course of flooded days and were similar in two cropping paddy field. Accoding to rough results considering only fluxes of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$, it was estimated that the carbon absorbation in rice-barley double cropping paddy field was higher than that in rice mono cropping paddy field by $128.9g\;C\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$.

본 연구에서는 전라북도 김제시 부량면 신용리의 벼단작지 및 벼-보리 이모작의 논 생태계에 설치된 플럭스 관측시스템으로부터 1년간 연속적으로 관측된 $CO_2$ 플럭스 자료 및 $CH_4$ 배출량 자료를 활용하여, 논 생태계의 탄소수지를 평가하고자 하였다. 벼 단작지 및 벼-보리 이모작 논 생태계의 $CO_2$ 플럭스는 대표적인 미기상학적 방식인 에디공분산 방법을 이용하였고, $CH_4$ 발생량은 개폐형 챔버방식의 자동화 시스템을 이용하여 측정하였다. 또한, 여러 가지 기상인자(복사, 기온 및 지온 등)도 함께 조사하였다. 관측된 $CO_2$ 플럭스자료는 보정과 결측보충의 과정을 거친 후 탄소수지 분석에 활용되었다. 2014년도의 벼 단작 및 벼-보리 이모작 논 생태계의 $CO_2$의 순생태 교환량은 각각 단위면적($m^2$)당 -436.8, -587.5g C로 분석되었고, $CH_4$ 발생량은 각각 +16.04, $+18.61g\;C\;m^{-2}$로 분석되었다. 벼 재배 기간 동안 $CH_4$ 발생량은 물 관리에 따라 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났는데, 담수상태에서 $CH_4$ 발생량이 배수상태보다 더 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 국내에서 벼 단작과 벼-보리 이모작의 논 생태계의 $CO_2$ 플럭스와 $CH_4$ 배출량을 기반으로 탄소수지를 정량화한 1차적인 연구결과로서, 벼-보리 이모작의 논 생태계가 벼 단작의 논 생태계보다 1년에 약 $128.9g\;C\;m^{-2}$를 더 흡수하는 것으로 평가되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alberto, M. C. R., R. Wassmann, T. Hirano, A. Miyata, A. Kumar, A. Padre, and M. Amante, 2009: $CO_2$/heat fluxes in rice field; Comparative assessment of flooded and non-flooded fields in the Philippinesm. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149, 1737-1750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.003
  2. Alberto, M. C. R., R. Wassmann, M. Gummert, R. J. Buresh, J. R. Quilty, T. Q. Correa, C. A. R. Centeno, and G. M. Oca, 2015: Straw incorporated after mechanized harvesting of irrigated rice affects net emissions of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ based on eddy covariance measurements. Field Crops Research 184, 162-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.10.004
  3. Aubinet, M., C. Moureaux, B. Bodson, D. Dufranne, B. Heinesch, M. Suleau, F. Vancutsem, and A. Vilret, 2009: Carbon sequestration by a crop over a 4-year surgar beet/winter wheat/seed potato/winter rotation cycle. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149(3-4), 407-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.09.003
  4. Baldocchi, D., E. Falge, L. Gu, R. Olson, D. Hollinger, S. Running, P. Anthoni, Ch. Bernhofer, K. Davis, R. Evans, J. Fuentes, A. Goldstein, G. Katul, B. Law, X. Lee, Y. Malhi, T. Meyers, W. Munger, W. Oechel, U. K. T. Paw, K. Pilegaard, H. P. Schmid, R. Valantini, S. Verma, T. Vesala, K. Wilson, and S. Wofsy, 2001: FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 82(11), 2415-2434. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2415:FANTTS>2.3.CO;2
  5. Baldocchi, D., 2003: Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: past, present, and future. Global Change Biology, 9, 479-492. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00629.x
  6. Beziat, P., E. Ceschia, and G. Dedieu, 2009: Carbon balance of a three crop succession over two cropland sites in South West France. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149(10), 1628-1645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.05.004
  7. Bhattacharyya, P., S. Neogi, K. S. Roy, and K. S. Rao, 2012: Gross primary production, ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem exchange in Asian rice paddy: an eddy covariance-based approach. Current science 104(1), 67-75.
  8. Bhattacharyya, P., S. Neogi, K. S. Roy, P. K. Dash, A. K. Nayak, and T. Mohapatra, 2014: Tropical low land rice ecosystem is a net carbon sink. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 189, 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.013
  9. Chun, J. A., K. M. Shim, S. H. Min, and Q. Wang, 2016: Methane mitigation for flooded rice paddy systems in South Korea using a process-based model. Paddy Water Environment 14(1), 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-015-0484-0
  10. Hong, J, H. J. Kwon, J. H. Lim, Y. H. Byun, J. Lee, and J. Kim, 2009: Standardization of koflux eddy-covariance data processing. Korean journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 11(1), 19-26. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2009.11.1.019
  11. IPCC, 2007: Climate change 2007: the physical science basis, contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 996pp.
  12. Kim, Y, M. S. A. Talucder, M. S. Kang, K. M. Shim, N. Kang, and J. Kim, 2016: Interannual variations in methane emission from an irrigated rice paddy caused by rainfalls during the aeration period. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 223, 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.032
  13. KOSIS, 2016: Agricultural land area, Statistical Database of Agriculture. http://kosis.kr.
  14. Lee, J. T., Y. S. Lee, K. Y. Kim, and K. M. Shim, 2005: $CO_2$ and Water Vapor Flux Measurement by Eddy Covariance Method in a Paddy Field in Korea. Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 7(1), 45-50.
  15. Lee, X., W. Massman, and B. Law, 2004: Handbook of Mirometeorology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dorderch, The Netherlands, 250pp.
  16. Li, C. F., Z. Zhang, L. Guo, M. Cai, and C. Cao, 2013: Emissions of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ from double rice cropping systems under varying tillage and seedling methods. Atmospheric Environment 80, 438-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.027
  17. Meijide, A., C. Gruening, I. Goded, G. Seufert, and A. Cescatti, 2016: Water management reduces green hous gas emissions in a Mediterrancean rice paddy field. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, note to users, in press.
  18. Min, S. H., K. M. Shim, Y. S. Kim, H. Hwang, M. P. Jung, and I. T. Choi, 2014: Seasonal variation of $CO_2$ exchange during the barley growing season at a rice-barley double cropping paddy field of Gimje. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 16(2), 137-145. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2014.16.2.137
  19. Moon, B. K., J. K. Hong, B. R. Lee, J. I. Yun, E. W. Park, and J. Kim, 2003: $CO_2$ and energy exchange in a rice paddy for the growing season of 2002 in Hari, Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 5(2), 51-60.
  20. Papale, D., M. Reichstein, M. Aubinet, E. Canfora, C. Bernhofer, W. Kutsch, B. Longdoz, S. Rambal, R. Valentini, T. Vesala, and D. Yakir, 2006: Towards a standardized processing of Net Ecosystem Exchange measured with eddy covariance technique: algorithms and uncertainty estimation. Biogesciences 3, 571-583. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-571-2006
  21. Reichstein, M., E. Falge, D. Baldocchi, D. Papale, M. Aubinet, P. Berbigier, C. Bernhofer, N. Buchmann, T. Gilmanov, A. Granier, T. Grunwald, K. Havrankova, H. Ilvesniemi, D. Janous, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lohila, D. Loustau, G. Matteucci, T. Meyers, F. Miglietta, J. M. Ourcival, J. Pumpanen, S. Rambal, E. Rotenberg, M. Sanz, J. Tenhunen, G. Seufert, F. Vaccari, T. Vesala, D. Yakir, and R. Valentini, 2005: On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration review and improved algorithm. Global Change Biology 11(9), 1424-1439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x
  22. Saito, M., A. Miyata, H. Nagai, and T. Yamada, 2005: Seasonal vatiation of carbon dioxide exchange in rice paddy field in Japan. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 135(1-4), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.10.007
  23. Shim, K. M., S. H. Min, Y. S. Kim, M. P. Jung, and I. T. Choi, 2015: Estimation of net biome production in a barley-rice double cropping paddy field of Gimje, Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest 17(2), 173-181. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.2.173
  24. Swain, C. G., P. Bhattacharyya, N. R. Singh, S. Neogi, R. K. Sahoo, and A. K. Nayak, 2016: Net ecosystem methane and carbon dioxide exchange in relation to heat and carbon balance in lowland tropical rice. Ecologicla Enginnering 95, 364-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.053
  25. Takimoto, T., T. Iwata, S. Yamamoto, and T. Miura, 2010: Characteristics of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ flux at barley-rice double cropping field in southern part of Okayama. Japanese Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 66(3), 181-191. (in Japanese with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.66.3.5
  26. Webb, E. K., G. I. Pearman, and R. Leuning, 1980: Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapor transfer. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorology Society 106(447), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710644707
  27. Yagi, K., T. Haruo, K. Kenichi, and M. Katsuyuki, 1996: Effect of water management on methane emission from a Japanese rice paddy field: Automated methane monitoring. Global biogeochemical cycles 10(2), 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1029/96GB00517