• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1995

A wastewater purifying system using phototrophic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, is currently in operation in several countries, One of them, is a continuously aerated bioreactor(CABR) system, which treats concentrated swin wasterwater using small amounts of phototrophic bacteria as additive bacterial seeding. Using this plant, total biochemical oxygen demand was decreased to 13%, and most of volatile fatty acids were removed. About 40% of the wastewater(Influx) was evaporated during aerobic digestion for 24h, and 60% of that erupted in a decodorized foam(Efflux). The efflux had enough nutrients, N, P and K kor growing plant, as well as organic matters. When the efflux was applied to Italian ryegrass with high dose, fresh shoot and root weights were significantly greater, and $NO_3-N$ contents of the dried shoot were lower than those of control plant (CDU). These results indicate that the CABR plant is useful for reduction and deodorization of swine wastewater and the efflux from CABR can be used for crop production as an organic fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.408-412
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• 1984

This study was intended to investigate the physiological effect of gamma irradiation at 50, 100 and 500 Gy on the garlic bulbs stored at low temperature of $3\;{\pm}\;1\;^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 70-80%, and room temperature of $12\;{\pm}\;5\;^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 75-85%, respectively for 10 months. Irradiation treatment stimulated temporary the respiration of garlic, which was greatly affected by storage conditions later. Sprouting of garlic was effectively inhibited in the all irradiated and low temperature groups until 10 months of storage, while the nonirradiated and 50 Gy groups were partially rooted around the 4th month after storage under both conditions. Weight loss and spoilage were shown to be little affected by irradiation until the nonirradiated garlic sprouted, and at the latter stage of storage period, the optimum dose of irradiation showed a significant effect on the reduction of weight loss and spoilage in stored garlic. It was also found that irradiation for sprout inhibition did not influence the firmness of garlic cloves.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.311-315
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of disregarding of heat detection on embryo production in superovulation of Hanwoo cows. Donors which showed 1 or 2 times of normal heat and had no abnormality of reproductive tract were selected The superovulation was performed injection of 2.5 mL FSH (Antorin R-10, Japan) 2 times on 5 days before next heat and continuously with the reduction of dose to 0.5 mL of first injection 2 times in a day for next 3 days. Otherwise, the donors of CIDR group were inserted CIDR plus (with the capsule of estradiol benzoate 10 mg) on Day 10 from standing heat for 9 days. On 6 days from insertion of CIDR, FSH was injected above same manners. The response according to the natural heat and CIDR were $82.2\%,\;89.7\%$, respectively. There were no difference between both treatments. The recovery rates of embryos were 7.7, 10.5, respectively and transferable embryos were 3.4, 3.8. There showed significant difference between both treatments (p<0.05). These results suggested that disregarding of heat detection in superovulation could be produced transferable embryos for embryo transfer and preserve the donors from the excess hormonal administration and maintain the economical lift span of genetically available Hanwoo donors.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.490-494
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• 1997

Anticarcinogenic activity of astaxanthin-containing egg yolks (designate AEY) was investigated for benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mouse forestomach tumorigenesis initiating regimen. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age) were housed in polycarbonated cages (5 mice/cage; 20 mice/treatment) in a humidity-and-temperature-controlled facility and permitted free access to water and food. One week later, four and 2 days prior to p.o. treatment with BP (2 mg/0.2 ml corn oil), mice were given 0.2 ml PBS containing 50 mg AEY, 100 mg AEY, 150 mg AEY, or 150 mg CEY. Control mice were only given 0.2 ml PBS. Three days later this sequence was repeated for a total of 4 times. Beginning with the first intubation and continuing thereafter, body weight and food intake were recorded once weekly. All surviving mice were sacrificed 24 weeks after the first dose of BP. Mice treated with AEY developed only about one third as many neoplasms/animal as mice in control or CEY-treated group (p<0.05). Reduction effect of tumor development by AEY was dependent upon doses applied. Tumor incidence was also reduced by AEY treatments, but significantly reduced only by 150 mg AEY treatment when compared to that by control or CEY. Food intake and body weight were not affected by AEY treatment. These results indicate that AEY inhibits tumorigenesis of mouse forestomach induced by BP.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2009

Background and Objectives : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a medical plant that has been widely utilized as a tonic and nutritional agent since ancient times in Korea. Ginseng has anti-metastatic property of cancer and immunomodulating activity. The novel acidic polysaccharide compound(MB40) was isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. To determine immunomodulating activities of MB40, we evaluate anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects of MB40 in tumor bearing immune competent mice. Material and Methods : C3H mice were divided into three equal groups(Cisplatin treatment group, MB40 treat-ment group, Cisplatin and MB40 treatment group) and were transplanted SCC(Squamous Cell Carcinoma) cells(2${\times}$106) to the lateral side of abdomen. From day 4 after transplantation, MB40 was administrated at dose of 10mg/kg, respectively, every other day by intratumoral injection. Cisplatin was systemically administrated at doses of 1mg/kg, respectively, every week by intraperitoneal injection. Results : 5 days after administration, tumors can be palpated in every mice group. After 13 days of administration, the mice group to which MB40 were administrated exhibited reduction in tumor size respectively, compared to cisplatin group. Overall status of mice such as body weight and activity were superior in MB40 group than cisplatin group. Conclusion : The result of this study indicates MB40 may have significant therapeutic effect and decreases complications induced by systemic chemotheraphy. MB40 may be developed as a novel and potent immunotropics to improve the cell immune system and anti-cancer drug for the treatment of cancer patients in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.525-533
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• 2015

The effect of the hot water extract of defatted green tea seed cake (GTSE) on lipid metabolism and the underlying mechanisms of lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated. In this study, we found that the naringenin content of GTSE was 5.5 mg/g; however, catechins were not detected. The intracellular lipid droplets were stained with Oil Red O dye and quantified. Compared to the control, lipid accumulation was significantly decreased by 52%, and intracellular triglyceride (TG) level was reduced by 33% after treatment with GTSE at a concentration of $40{\mu}g/mL$. To determine the mechanism of reduction in TG content, we determined the level of fatty acid synthase (FAS), phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in the cell model. Incubation of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes with GTSE stimulated AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased the expression of FAS.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.574-579
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• 2008

To develop a yogurt for sensitive consumer such as infants, children or immuno-compromised patients using gamma irradiation, the effects of gamma irradiation on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory quality in a commercial plain yogurt were investigated. No viable coliform bacteria were detected in the sample and approximately a 6 decimal reduction was achieved in the number of total aerobic bacteria by irradiation at 5 kGy. The initial population of lactic acid bacteria observed in the commercial plain yogurt was 8.95 log CFU/g. Gamma irradiation significantly reduced the initial microbial level to 6.47 and 2.85 log CFU/g after irradiation at 1 and 3 kGy, respectively (p<0.05). However, irradiation dose up to 5 kGy could not completely eliminate the lactic acid bacteria in commercial plain yogurt. pH, color, lactose and lactic acid content, and sensory quality were not affected by irradiation treatment and storage. Our results suggest that irradiation can improve the microbial quality of commercial plain yogurt without impairing the physicochemical and sensory quality.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.222-231
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• 2008

This study was carried out to develop a method for decreasing the heavy metal composition of living stock. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were pre-treated with heavy metals administered i.p. at the limits of regulation according to the feed CODEX in Korea. Herbal medicine remnant was administered p.o. (2, 4 ppm of average feeding amount) for the entire period of study with organic selenium (2 ppm of average feeding amount) before any other treatment. 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was also administered i.p. in a single dose of 60 mg/kg body weight before animals were sacrificed. The TBARS test with the FOX assay demonstrates a decrease of heavy metals due to these functional materials in vitro. Moreover, this decrease in heavy metals was also demonstrated by in vivo tests based on SD rats hair analysis and organ analysis after 6 weeks. A good linear correlation between hair analysis and organ analysis represented by liver and blood was shown. The present findings suggest that measurement method of heavy metal composition using hair analysis for healthy livestock can be used in place of detection methods carried out by organ and blood analysis, and herbal medicines with organic selenium may be very effective at decreasing heavy metals of feed materials in feed manufacture industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 2004

The ovarian hormone-deficiency induced ovariectomy rat is widely used as an aging model due to its practicality, convenience, and cost effectiveness. The surgically ovariectomized rat induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation like aging phenomena. Free oxygen radicals have been proposed as important causative agents of aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to prevent ovariectomy (OVX)-induced oxidative stress. The OVX rats were given intraperitoneally CS at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg daily for fifteen weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced-glutathione (GSH), oxidized-glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver. The liver antioxidative enzyme activity was elevated while MDA concentration decreased in all CS treated animals. The results demonstrated that CS reduced oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that CS might be a useful candidate for antioxidative reagent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.784-790
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• 2014

Housefly (Musca domestica L.) maggots are used as biomedical material. Ethanolic extracts of fly maggot (EM) were orally administered to male rats at levels of 0 (control group), 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mg per 100 g live weight for 40 days. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C decreased by 17.90, 17.60, and 16.37%, respectively, whereas HDL-C increased by 20.48% in the EM group compared with these parameters in a control group (p<0.05). Thymus and spleen weights dose-dependently increased by 21.42% and 21.42%, respectively, but abdominal fat decreased by 39.66% after EM administration compared with that in the control group (p<0.05). IgG, IgA, and IgM increased 35.14, 68.65, and 190.16%, respectively, in the EM groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased by 41.68% and 35.55%, respectively, in the EM groups compared with the control group, and Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Streptococcus decreased by 24.96, 46.37, 25.00, and 34.05%, respectively, in the EM groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, total organic acids, acetic acid, and propionic acid increased by 31.11, 49.34, and 24.88%, whereas butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid decreased by 30.79, 72.64, 32.90, and 63.16% respectively, in the EM groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that EM has a bifidogenic effect on immune cell development, blood lipid levels, and abdominal fat reduction by increasing the production of organic acid and numbers of cecal microorganisms in animals.