• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-32
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• 1999

The aim of the study was the application of Radix Aconiti(附子) in the treatment of heart-systemic disease(心系疾患). We inquired into the prescriptions with Radix Aconiti (附子) in the treatment of heart-systemic disease(心系疾患) in many other aspects through 'Sanghanron'(傷寒論). The results were obtained as follows; The prescriptions with Radix Aconiti(附子) form about 18%, it's related text forms about 11%. Radix Aconiti(附子) was used with other 20 kinds of herbs in 7 categories-hyepyo(解表), jesp(除濕), selyul(泄熱), hwagihyengsu(化氣行水), onjungsanhan(溫中散寒), ikum(益陰), anhejitong(安蛔止痛). Among these herbs, the combination with Zingiver officinale Roscoe(乾薑) is focal usage, because the combination was used in 8 prescriptions out of 20. A fresh Radix Aconiti(附子) which was used with Zingiver officinale Roscoe(乾薑) is efficacious against poison of Radix Aconiti(附子). When this combination was used, it had been boiled for a long time in most cases, it is also helpful of counteracting poison. A Steamed Radix Aconiti(附子) was used with Zingiver officinale Roscoe (生薑). In the special feature of dosage of Radix Aconiti(附子), it was considerately used in many different conditions which includes strength or weakness of patients, and the critical or slight condition of illness. In the taking frequency and dosage of the medicine, it was applied the same. There are 2 methods of boiling, one is boiling separately from other herbs and the other is boiling all together. When boiling seperately, it works more quikly and strongly. In the case of severe 'rehan'(裏寒) which refuses warmed medicine, it was used with 2 other herbs(猪膽汁, 人尿) that take down from yang(陽) to ying(陰). The foci of prescriptions that contain Radix Aconiti(附子) is the type of Sayektang(四逆湯類), because Gungangbujatang(乾薑附子湯) does the important work in the prescriptions. The paradigm of Radix Aconiti(附子) treated palpitation, edema, diziness, confusion, numbness, iced limbs in the treatment of heart-systemic disease(心系疾患). In the usage of Radix Aconiti(附子), the above results need to be referred and further clinical studies will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3704-3712
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• 2012

Recently, antiwashout underwater concrete has been increasingly used for marine foundations of long span bridges. However, to shorten the construction period of antiwashout underwater concrete used in marine foundations, high fluidity antiwashout underwater concrete should be manufactured largely improving fluidity than the previous one. Thus, the objective of this experimental research is to suggest optimum mix proportions of high fluidity antiwashout underwater concrete. For this purpose, concrete specimens containing ground granulated blast furnace slag were manufactured according to the dosage of antiwashout admixture for unit binder contents of 550 and 600kg/$m^3$, respectively. And then, their quality performances such as slump flow, setting time, underwater segregation resistance, and ratio of compressive strength were evaluated according to the related specification of Korea Concrete Institute. It was observed from the test results that the minimum dosage of antiwashout admixture was necessary to satisfy the related specification.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2012

Alkali-activated slag (AAS) is the most obvious alternative materials that can replace OPC. But, AAS industrial usage as a structural material should be evaluated for its durability. Carbonation resistance is one of the most important factors in durability evaluation. Test results for 18 slag-based mortars activated by sodium silicate and 6 OPC mortars were obtained in this study to verify the carbonation property. Main variables considered in the study were flow, compressive strength before and after carbonation, and carbonation depth. Mineralogical and micro-structural analysis of OPC and AAS specimens prior to and after carbonation was conducted using XRD, TGA, FTIR FE-SEM. Test results showed that CHS was major hydration products of AAS and, unlike OPC, no other hydration products were found. After carbonation, CSH of hydration product in AAS turned into an amorphous silica gel, and alumina compounds was not detected. From the analysis of the results, it was estimated that the micro-structures of CSH in AAS easily collapsed during carbonation. Also, the results showed that this collapse of chemical chain of CSH lowered the compressive strength of concrete after carbonation. By increasing the dosage of activators, carbonation resistance and compressive strength were effectively improved.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.72-83
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• 2022

This paper studied the effect on the microstructure, electrical properties, and compressive strength of cement mortar containing carbon fiber (CF) and steel fiber (SF), which are conductive materials. The resistivity of conductive fiber-reinforced cement mortar (FRCM) was measured using the 4-probe method, and the compressive strength was measured based on the compression test. Their performance was compared and reviewed with plain mortar (PM). Furthermore, the surface shape and composition of the fracture surface of the conductive FRCM were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy disperse X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that the resistivity gradually increased as the curing time increased in all specimens, whereas the resistivity decreased significantly as the fiber volume fraction increased. Adding steel fibers up to 1.25% did not affect the resistivity of cement mortar considerably. On the contrast, the resistivity of carbon fiber was somewhat decreased even at low contents (ie, 0.1 to 0.3%), and thereafter, it was significantly decreased. The percolation threshold of the conductive CFRCM containing CF used in this experiment was 0.4%, and it is judged to be the optimum carbon fiber dosage to maximize the conductive effect while maintaining the compressive strength performance as much as possible. For the surface shape and composition analysis of conductive FRCM, the fracture surface was observed through SEM-EDS. These results are considered to be very useful in establishing the microstructure mechanism of reinforcing fibers in cement mortars.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.375-386
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• 2011

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR), a dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg with bioactivities in bone metabolism is one of the most famous tonic traditional medicines. To observe in vivo anti-osteoporotic efficacy of PMR extracts, we orally administered once a day for 28 days (Qd ${\times}$ 28) to bilateral ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis ddY mice after 1 week of recovery periods at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg (of body weight). A positive control drug, Alendronate (FOSA) 10 mg/kg-dosing group was added. As results of OVX-induced osteoporotic process, estrogen-deficient osteoporotic changes were also dramatically decreased in all PMR extracts-dosing groups. Especially middle dosage of PMR extracts, 250 mg/kg constantly and significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) inhibited the loss of bone strength and bone quality. Based on the results, it was concluded that PMR extracts (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg; orally dosing) has relatively good favorable effect to prevention and/or treatment of OVX-induced osteoporosis. Therefore, although the efficacy was slighter than that of Alendronate on the inhibition of bone loss, it is expected that PMR extracts will be promising as a new anti-osteoporotic agents for prevent the fracture induced in osteoporotic patients because natural herbal medicine origin PMR extracts will be dose not show serious side effects especially the problem in upper alimentary irritation by bisphosphonate and hypercalcaemia of parathyroid hormone analogs.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2014

In this study, we modified the surface of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) through LbL (Layer-by-Layer) multilayering process with polyelectrolytes and investigated the effects of the NFC modification on the charge of NFC surface and the dewatering ability of NFC suspension. The multilayering process was done onto NFC fibers using polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and poly-sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (PSS) under different dosage and washing conditions. When the washing was carried out in every adsorption stage, the modified NFC had strong cationic or anionic charge depending on the type of polyelectrolyte in the outermost layer and the dewatering ability was not affected. In the case of no washing treatment or washing in the final adsorption stage, however, the zeta potential of NFC was close to an isoelectric point so that the dewatering ability increased remarkably. Low addition level of polyelectrolytes also showed the similar results. The mixing of NFC suspensions with opposite charge resulted in higher network strength and improved dewatering ability due to the flocculation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2015

Bio-binder is well known as a promising alternative binder for SB latex because it is eco-friendly and inexpensive, compared to synthetic latex. SB latex in top coating color was substituted with starch-based bio-binder to investigate its effects on the coating color and its coated paper properties. Bio-binder contributed to the increase of coating color viscosity, and the improvement of water retention. Most optical properties except opacity were deteriorated by the increase of bio-binder dosage. It was also found that the increase of bio-binder substitution in top coating color brought about the increase of roughness, and decrease of coated paper gloss, print gloss, dry and wet pick strength. However the stiffness and the ink set-off of the bio-binder coated paper were improved. Overall, mostly adverse effects of bio-binder on the properties of coating color and its paper were observed. Therefore, it is not recommended to use bio-binder as top coating color.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.413-427
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• 2017

Objectives : This report describes 75 studies related to the use of Zingiberis siccatum Rhizoma mainly blended from Dongeuibogam. Methods : The 75 Prescriptions of Consumptive part in DonguiBogam analysed frequency of basic prescriptions, symptoms of prescriptions and the pathology. Results : Prescriptions that Zingiberis siccatum Rhizoma was taken as a monarch drug are utilized for 25 therapeutic purposes, for example, cold disease, stool disease, cough disease. In particular, 16.0% of prescriptions appear in the chapter of cold. Prescriptions that utilize Zingiberis siccatum Rhizoma as the main component are used in the treatment of cold, stool and cough disease. Zingiberis siccatum Rhizoma is used in pathogenic factors such as weakness cold and cold strength and used in pathology related to the spleen and stomach system. The dosage of Zingiberis siccatum Rhizoma is 5pun(about 1.88g) to 4nyang(about 150.4g), however 1don(about 3.75g) has been taken the most for clinical application. Ijungtang is the most useful base prescriptions which use the Zingiberis siccatum Rhizoma as the main ingredient. Conclusions : As a result of Study on Analysis all Prescriptions of Zingiberis siccatum Rhizoma in DonguiBogam. We can understand more about basic prescriptions, symptoms of prescriptions and the pathology that are using for Zingiberis siccatum Rhizoma.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 1993

Retaining a drug in the stomach by some means is sometimes necessary to extend the G1 absorption time of the drug more than 6-8 hrs. Hydrogel has often been examined for its feasibility as a dosage form, so called platform, that could be retained in the stomach due to its excellent swelling properties in the gastric fluid. In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogel crosslinked by albumin or acrylated albumin was synthesized in a tablet form and evaluated for its possibility as the platform. The synthesis of the hydrogel was performed by $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-ray$ irradiation of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (monomer) in the presence of a crosslinking agent: aqueous solution of albumin or acrylated albumin. Synthetic conditions such as radiation dose, dose rate and concentration of crosslinking agent were varied in order to optimize the swelling and mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Degree of swelling of albumin-crosslinked PVP (Al-PVP) was highly dependent on radiation dose, dose rate and albumin concentration: it was decreased as they increased. On the other hand, that of acrylated albumin-crosslinked PVP (Acryl-PVP) was almost independent on them except dose rate: it was decreased as the radiation dose rate increased. The compressive strength of the two hydrogels was decreased as the dose rate increased. Digestion of both PVP in artificial gastric fluid containing pepsin was delayed by the ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation. In conclusion, Al-PVP and Acry-PVP with diverse swelling and mechanical properties could be obtained by controlling synthetic conditions, mainly the irradiation dose rate.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.259-277
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• 2017

Adsorption is a widely used technique for the removal of dyes from wastewaters by variety of adsorbents. In this work, the main focus is on the potential assessment of anion exchange membrane for the removal of different dyes using batch system and investigation of experimental data by applying various kinetic and thermodynamic models. The removal of anionic dyes i.e., Eosin-B, Eriochrome Black-T and Congo Red by anion exchange membrane BII from aqueous solution was carried out and effect of various parameters such as contact time, membrane dosage, temperature and ionic strength on the percentage removal of anionic dyes was studied. The experimental data was assessed by kinetic models namely pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich liquid film diffusion, Bangham and the modified Freundlich models equation have been used to analyze the experimental data. These results indicate that the adsorption of these anionic dyes on BII follows pseudo-second-order kinetics with maximum values of regression coefficient (0.992-0.998) for all the systems. The adsorption of dyes was more suitable to be controlled by a liquid film diffusion mechanism. The adsorptive removal of dye Eosin-B and Eriochrome Black-T were decreased with temperature and thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (${\Delta}G^o$), enthalpy (${\Delta}H^o$) and entropy (${\Delta}S^o$) for adsorption of dyes on membrane BII were calculated at 298 K, 308 K and 318 K. The values of enthalpy and entropy were negative for EB and EBT representing that the adsorption of these dyes on BII is physiosorptive and exothermic in nature. Whereas the positive values of enthalpy and entropy for CR adsorption on BII, indicating that its adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. It is evident from this study that anion exchange membrane has shown good potential for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution and it can be used as adsorbent for dues removal on commercial levels.