• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 1992

Sprague-Dawley rats aged six weeks divided into four groups and group 1, 2, 3 and 4 of rats were given an intrapertioneal injection of diethylnitrosamine at 200 mg/kg body weight. Group 4 was Control. Two weeks after beginning of the experiment, group 1 of rats were begun to feed on water containing 0.05% phenobarbital sodium as a promoter for six weeks, and CP-2 were intrapertioneally given to rats of group 2(20mg/kg) and group 3(1mg/kg). Three weeks after beginning of the experiment, partial hepatectomy was performed in all rats. Preneoplastic foci were identified histopathologically by glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) activity. In the Immunohistochemical quantitative analysis of carcinogen-induced foci, it was concluded that CP-2 was not carcinogen.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.265-270
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• 2004

The phylogenetic relationship of Polygonatum species were examined by RAPD analysis. Polygonatum Rhizoma is called 'Whang-jung', and used Polygonatum sibiricum Redoute in defined as a source plant in Korean Pharmacopoeia. Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma is called 'Wui-yu', and P. odoratum Druce var. pluriflorum Ohiwi and related species are defined is source plants in Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia. In UPGMA analysis, Polygonum was divided into two major groups. Polygonatum sibiricum and P. stenophyllum was placed in a cluster. On the other hand, P. falcatum A. Gray was included in the other cluster comprising. P. odoratum and related species, which are used as source plants for Polygonati Odorati Rhizome.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand the correlations between lung, large intestine, and skin of 3-week-old mice in which ulcerative colitis was induced, up on administration of Coptidis rhizome and Glycyrrhiza uralensis mixed extract. Methods Mice were divided into 4 groups as follows; no treatment group (Ctrl group), ulcerative colitis-induced mice group (UE group), ulcerative colitis-induced mice group after administering Pentasa (PT group), ulcerative colitis-induced mice group after administering Coptidis rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza uralensis mixed extract (CGT group). Mice were induced ulcerative colitis by Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). After 5 days of administration, We obvserved anti-inflammatory effect, alveolar formation, and skin barrier control in the colon mucosa. Results The CGT group was observed arrangement of normal intestinal cells, Infiltration of less inflammatory cells. The CGT significantly decreased positive rseponse of $TNF-{\alpha}$, p-IkB, Caspase 3 in large intestine, and significantly increased positive rseponse of EGF, IGF, catalase, Filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin. Conclusions The results of this study show the correlation of Lung-Large intestine-Skin by administering Coptidis rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza uralensis mixed extract to ulcerative colitis-induced mice.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of plant life cycle to plant settlement by 1 year monitoring. The subjects of monitoring are the plants (3 plant life cycle, 9 taxa) well established in the mesocosm. 18 mesocosms were divided into 3 sets and water levels were maintained at 0, 20 and 60 cm during 16 weeks from mid-May, respectively and at 0 cm except these 16 weeks. Height and population size of transplanted perennial plants (Scirpus tabernaemontani, Zizania caduciflora, Typha (Typha angustifolia and Typha orientalis)) at 1st year were not affected by diverse water level, though any more seedlings of these species were not settled at this condition. In contrast, water level condition strong influenced annual and biennial plant, relatively. As a result, timing and duration of flooding have great effect on successful settlement of annual and biennial plant without rhizome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.211-224
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Pinelliae rhizoma on blood serum lipids and skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism of obese Zucker rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into normal Zucker rats (lean control; non-treated), obese Zucker rats (fat control; non-treated) and Pinelliae rhizoma oral feeding obese Zucker rats (fat control; treated) for 6 separate experiments. Pinelliae rhizoma was investigated for effects on total body weight, serum glucose content, total cholesterol and triglyceride content, free fatty acid content, PPARalpha, CS and beta-HAD. Results : 1. Triglycerides in blood serum showed a greater decrease in the Pinellia rhizoma oral feeding group than the overweight control group. 2. PPARa showed a significant increase in the Pinelliae rhizoma oral feeding group over the overweight control group in skeletal muscles of SOL and EDL: as for protein FABPc, the Pinelliae rhizomaoral feeding group saw a greater significant increase than the overweight control group in the skeletal muscles of SOL. 3. CS activity showed a greater increase for the Pinelliae rhizoma oral feeding group than the overweight control group in EDL Conclusions : As the experiment's results show, Pinelliae rhizoma effectively decreased the weight and triglycerides of the obese mouse, and somewhat affects the fat oxidation in the skeletal muscles.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives : The pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury(SCI) may be divided into primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. The secondary mechanism involves free radical formation, excitotoxicity, inflammation and apoptotic cell death, and sets in minutes after injury and lasts for weeks or months. During this phase the spinal tissue damages are aggravated. Therefore, secondary mechanisms of injury serve as a target for the development of neuroprotective drug against SCI. The present study investigated the effect of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP), an active ingredient purified from the rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii(川芎, chuanxiong), on neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord compression injury in rats. Methods : SCI was subjected to rats by a static compression method(35 g weight, 5 mins) and TMP was treated 3 times(30 mg/kg, i.p.) during 48 hours after the SCI. Results : TMP ameliorated the tissue damage in peri-lesion of SCI and reduced TUNEL-labeled cells both in gray matter and in white matter significantly. TMP also attenuated Bax-expressed motor neurons in the ventral horn and preserved Bcl-2-expressed motor neurons. Conclusions : These results indicate that TMP plays a protective role in apoptotic cell death of neurons and oligodendrocytes in spinal cord injury. Moreover, it is suggested that TMP and TMP-containing chuanxiong may potentially delay or protect the secondary spinal injury.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2015

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and high blood glucose level from progressive insulin secretory defect. The rhizome of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. (AJ) has been used for treatment of retention of water in oriental medicine. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of AJ on type 2 diabetes rats. Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced by 60% high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6); Nor (normal control group), Con (diabetic group treated with vehicle), Met (diabetic group treated with 200 mg/kg metformin) and AJ (diabetic group treated with 100 mg/kg AJ). The body weights and food intakes were measured during the treatment period. After 4 weeks treatment, blood glucose level, HOMA-IR, and protein expressions of IRS-1, p-IRS-1, PPAR-${\gamma}$, and GLUT4 were measured, and histopathological examination of beta cell was performed. Results: Compared with the control group, blood glucose level and HOMA-IR were reduced in rats treated with AJ. Impaired beta cells in pancreas of rats were recovered and phosphorylation of IRS-1 was increased in rats treated with AJ. And also, protein expressions of PPAR-${\gamma}$ and GLUT4 were increased by treatment of AJ. Conclusions: The results suggest that Atractylodes japonica Koidz. may have anti-diabetic effect on type 2 diabetic rats through regulation of blood glucose level and insulin resistance. Therefore Atractylodes japonica Koidz. may have positive effects on patients with type 2 diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the pattern of growth and phenological characteristics of Mankyua chejuense B.-Y. Sun, M.H. Kim & C.H. Kim, which belong to the Ophioglossaceae family. M. chejuense asexually reproduced using rhizomes, and a clone of the species grew up to 52 cm based on root growth and new leaves was produced from rhizomes. The development of leaves were divided into four stages; leaf emergence-separation and growth of leaf-sporophyll maturation-senescence. Most leaves emerged in July and August with high temperatures and precipitation and most leaves reached full expansion during September-October and died during April-May next year. The life span of leave was 10 months, from July to April, and the start of leaf senescence varied depending on the habitat environment and this might result from micro environmental differences among the habitats.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3698-3703
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• 2012

The architectural design process is consisted of the phase of programming and the phase of the design. The contemporary architectural scheme, as a datascape, a rhizome structure and a diagram, is based on the concept of modern physics. And it is applied on the phase of design by synthesizing data. Like this, the design of the architectural field is accomplished in the phase of design. For design of the architectural field, the characteristics of the architectural field is considered as the viewpoint of design in the procedure. First, according to the area which is defined by relations of environments, around architectures and so on, the net system of relations is designed as area. Second, design the linkage between building and space, building and building, space and space, according to the correspondence each other. Third, design the method or form of connecting building and space to one as a building and a space are no longer divided but are understood by one. As a result, for the design of architectural field, it is necessary to define the criteria by the characteristics of architectural field and the architectural field is designed by process.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Hataedock treatment using Coptidis Rhizome and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (CG) mixed extract in allergic rhinitis induced NC/Nga mice. We divided NC/Nga mice into 3 groups as follows; allergic rhinitis-induced group after CG Hataedock treatment (CGT, n=10), no treatment group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis elicited group (ARE). To induce allergic rhinitis, NC/Nga mice of 3 weeks age were sensitized on 7, 8 and 9week by Ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in intranasal space. Hataedock using CG extract was administered on week 3 in allergic rhinitis-induced group (CGT) after Hataedock treatment. To identify distribution of Interlukin (IL)-4, Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), high-affinity IgE receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$), substance P, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), Nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), we used histological examination. CGT significantly inhibited IL-4 and CD40 response compared with ARE. The reduction of Th2 cytokine expression decreased inflammatory mediators such as $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2. Such immunological improvement induced reduction of respiratory epithelial damage and mucin secretion in goblet cell. These results indicate that Hataedock treatment suppresses allergic rhinitis through modulating of Th2 responses and diminishing various inflammatory mediators in nasal mucosal tissue. It might have potential applications for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.